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A [[UbuntuHelp:LaTeX|LaTeX]] file is an ASCII file containing the text and markup commands. It can be written in a text editor such as Gedit or vim. It is converted into an output format using a [[UbuntuHelp:LaTeX|LaTeX]] compiler. Some people like to write [[UbuntuHelp:LaTeX|LaTeX]] files in a more integrated environment, with menus and buttons for formatting commands. There are also many add on packages that add features to [[UbuntuHelp:LaTeX|LaTeX]].
A [[UbuntuHelp:LaTeX|LaTeX]] file is an ASCII file containing the text and markup commands. It can be written in a text editor such as Gedit or vim. It is converted into an output format using a [[UbuntuHelp:LaTeX|LaTeX]] compiler. Some people like to write [[UbuntuHelp:LaTeX|LaTeX]] files in a more integrated environment, with menus and buttons for formatting commands. There are also many add on packages that add features to [[UbuntuHelp:LaTeX|LaTeX]].
=== Installing ===
=== Installing ===
Like Linux, [[UbuntuHelp:LaTeX|LaTeX]] is a collection of many interdependent tools and files. Rather than find and install them all you use a [[UbuntuHelp:LaTeX|LaTeX]] distribution. [[UbuntuHelp:LaTeX|LaTeX]] distributions in the Ubuntu repositories are  
Like Linux, [[UbuntuHelp:LaTeX|LaTeX]] is a collection of many interdependent tools and files. Rather than find and install them all you use a [[UbuntuHelp:LaTeX|LaTeX]] distribution. [[UbuntuHelp:LaTeX|LaTeX]] distributions in the Ubuntu repositories are:
* teTeX
* TeX Live
* TeXlive
* teTeX
Note that since May 2006 teTeX is no longer supported. See this page for the official statement: http://www.tug.org/teTeX/.  
Note that since May 2006 teTeX is no longer supported. See this page for the official statement: [[http://www.tug.org/teTeX/]]. Some of the teTeX packages in Ubuntu's repositories are transitionary packages to TeX Live.
teTeX is a common [[UbuntuHelp:LaTeX|LaTeX]] distribution for Linux. This is in the main Ubuntu repository and can be installed with synaptic or apt-get. At a minimum you will need to install the packages
==== TeX Live ====
One [[UbuntuHelp:LaTeX|LaTeX]] distribution you can install is TeX Live. TeX Live has a more comprehensive selection of [[UbuntuHelp:LaTeX|LaTeX]] tools than teTeX but takes up more space. It is also a newer addition to Ubuntu than teTeX. It is available for Ubuntu from version 6.10 and is in the Universe repository.
To install TeX Live, install <code><nowiki>texlive</nowiki></code>. This will install a basic subset of TeX Live's functionality. To install the complete TeX Live distribution, install <code><nowiki>texlive-full</nowiki></code>.
==== teTeX ====
teTeX was a common [[UbuntuHelp:LaTeX|LaTeX]] distribution for Linux. This is in the Main and Universe Ubuntu repositories and can be installed with synaptic or apt-get. At a minimum you will need to install the packages <code><nowiki>tetex-base</nowiki></code>, and <code><nowiki>tetex-bin</nowiki></code>. Extra packages for teTeX can be found in <code><nowiki>tetex-extra</nowiki></code>.
=== Add on packages ===
[[UbuntuHelp:LaTeX|LaTeX]] can be extended using add on packages. Packages can either be installed using Ubuntu's packaging system, or by manually copying the files to the respective locations.
==== Installing packages manually ====
<<Anchor(manualpkginstall)>>
If a package you desire is not in Ubuntu's repositories, you may look on [[http://www.ctan.org|CTAN's web site]] or [[http://www.tug.org/tex-archive/help/Catalogue/index.html|TeX Catalogue Online]] to see if they have the package. If they do, download the archive containing the files. In this example, we'll install example package <code><nowiki>foo</nowiki></code>, contained in <code><nowiki>foo.tar.gz</nowiki></code>.
Once <code><nowiki>foo.tar.gz</nowiki></code> has finished downloading, we unzip it somewhere in our home directory:
<pre><nowiki>
<pre><nowiki>
tetex-base tetex-bin
tar xvf foo.tar.gz
</nowiki></pre>
</nowiki></pre>
you may also want some add on packages
This expands to folder <code><nowiki>foo/</nowiki></code>. We <code><nowiki>cd</nowiki></code> into <code><nowiki>foo/</nowiki></code> and see <code><nowiki>foo.ins</nowiki></code>. We now run [[UbuntuHelp:LaTeX|LaTeX]] on the file:
<pre><nowiki>
<pre><nowiki>
tetex-extra
latex foo.ins
</nowiki></pre>
</nowiki></pre>
Another [[UbuntuHelp:LaTeX|LaTeX]] distribution you can install is TeXlive. TeXlive has a more comprehensive selection of [[UbuntuHelp:LaTeX|LaTeX]] tools than teTeX but takes up more space. It is also a newer addition to Ubuntu so you may run into some teething problems. It is available for Ubuntu from version 6.10 and is in the universe repository.  
This will generate <code><nowiki>foo.sty</nowiki></code>. We now have to copy this file into the correct location. For the purposes of this example, we will copy this into our personal <code><nowiki>texmf</nowiki></code> tree. The advantages of this solution are that if we migrate our files to a new computer, we will remember to take our <code><nowiki>texmf</nowiki></code> tree with us, resulting in keeping the same packages we had. The disadvantages are that if multiple users want to use the same packages, the tree will have to be copied to each user's home folder.
To install TeXlive install the package
We'll first create the necessary directory structure:
<pre><nowiki>
<pre><nowiki>
texlive
cd ~
mkdir -p texmf/tex/latex/foo
</nowiki></pre>
</nowiki></pre>
=== Add on packages ===
Notice that the final directory created is labeled <code><nowiki>foo</nowiki></code>. It is a good idea to name directories after the packages they contain. The <code><nowiki>-p</nowiki></code> attribute to <code><nowiki>mkdir</nowiki></code> tells it to create all the necessary directories, since they don't exist. Now, using either the terminal, or the file manager, copy <code><nowiki>foo.sty</nowiki></code> into the directory labeled <code><nowiki>foo</nowiki></code>.
[[UbuntuHelp:LaTeX|LaTeX]] can be extended using add on packages.
Now, we must make [[UbuntuHelp:LaTeX|LaTeX]] recognize the new package:
====  Repositories  ====
In addition to <code><nowiki>tetex-extra</nowiki></code> there are numerous packages in the repositories containing add-ons. To see what packages are available  you can browse
[http://packages.ubuntu.com/gutsy/tex/ Software Packages in "gutsy", tex section].
==== Other add-ons ====
There are also lots of add-ons  which are not in the repositories.
A comprehensive list is availiable at the [http://www.tug.org/tex-archive/help/Catalogue/index.html TeX Catalogue Online] or the [http://www.ctan.org/ Comprehensive TeX Archive Network]. They are usually downloaded as tar.gz or zip files. To install them they need to be uncompressed and copied to /usr/local/share/texmf/tex/latex/. Then you need to run texhash, to update the database.
If you downloaded the package mhchem.zip to your home directory, then this should work:
<pre><nowiki>
<pre><nowiki>
cd /usr/local/share/texmf/tex/latex
texhash ~/texmf
sudo unzip ~/mhchem.zip
sudo texhash
</nowiki></pre>
==== Local Installation ====
You can also install style or class files in your home directory. This is especially useful if you don't have access to root privileges. The variable <code><nowiki> TEXINPUTS </nowiki></code> controls where [[UbuntuHelp:LaTeX|LaTeX]] looks for local files. 
Suppose you want to put them in a subdirectory of your home directory called <code><nowiki>mylatex</nowiki></code>. Just set <code><nowiki> TEXINPUTS </nowiki></code> as follows:
<pre><nowiki>
export TEXINPUTS=~/mylatex/:
</nowiki></pre>
</nowiki></pre>
Now you can put files in <code><nowiki> ~/mylatex </nowiki></code> and [[UbuntuHelp:LaTeX|LaTeX]] will know where to find them.  
The new package should now be installed. To use it in your [[UbuntuHelp:LaTeX|LaTeX]] document, merely insert <code><nowiki>\usepackage{foo</nowiki></code>} in the preamble.
To set this as the default value of <code><nowiki>TEXINPUTS</nowiki></code> add the line above to <code><nowiki>.bashrc</nowiki></code> or type
=== Tips & Tricks ===
==== Inverse Search ====
Inverse search is a feature where a mouse click in the DVI viewer can open an editor with the corresponding place in the (La)TeX source (also called "reverse search"). In <code><nowiki>xdvi</nowiki></code>, the default is Ctrl-Left click. In <code><nowiki>kdvi</nowiki></code>, Middle click is the default. For information see [[http://xdvi.sourceforge.net/inverse-search.html]].
===== Emacs and xdvi =====
Add the following line to the file <code><nowiki>.emacs</nowiki></code> in your home directory:
<pre><nowiki>
<pre><nowiki>
cd
echo "export TEXINPUTS=~/mylatex:" >>  .bashrc
</nowiki></pre>
==== Useful addons include: ====
* [http://www.tug.org/tex-archive/help/Catalogue/entries/mhchem.html mhchem] chemical names, chemical reactions etc.
* [http://www.tug.org/tex-archive/help/Catalogue/entries/isotope.html isotope]
=== Resources ===
* [http://www.tug.org/interest.html TeX Users Group] Lots of links
* [http://www.latex-project.org/guides/ [[UbuntuHelp:LaTeX|LaTeX]] Documentation]
* [http://tug.org/TeXnik/mainFAQ.cgi?file=index A-Z list of TeX FAQs]
=== Inverse Search ===
Inverse search means that
* A mouse click  in the dvi-viewer window can open an editor with the corresponding place in the (La)TeX source (also called `reverse search')
* Ctrl-Left Click is the default for xdvi
* Middle Click is the default for kdvi
* the dvi-viewer can jump to (and visually highlight) a position in the DVI file that corresponds to a certain line number in the (La)TeX source file (`forward search').
* for information see [http://xdvi.sourceforge.net/inverse-search.html]
==== Emacs and xdvi ====
==== Reverse search ====
===== Instructions to set up reverse search with emacs and xdvi =====
* Add the following line to the file <code><nowiki>.emacs</nowiki></code> in your home directory <pre><nowiki>
(server-start)
(server-start)
</nowiki></pre>
</nowiki></pre>
* Add the following line to <code><nowiki>.Xresources</nowiki></code> <pre><nowiki>
Add the following line to <code><nowiki>.Xresources</nowiki></code>
<pre><nowiki>
xdvi.editor: emacsclient --no-wait +%l %f
xdvi.editor: emacsclient --no-wait +%l %f
</nowiki></pre>
</nowiki></pre>
* and run <pre><nowiki>
Now run in the terminal:
<pre><nowiki>
xrdb .Xresources
xrdb .Xresources
</nowiki></pre>
</nowiki></pre>
* Download and install the [[UbuntuHelp:LaTeX|LaTeX]] package [http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/help/Catalogue/entries/srcltx.html srcltx]
===== Common between Emacs/xdvi and Kile/kdvi =====
* You need to compile your [[UbuntuHelp:LaTeX|LaTeX]] file with the srcltx package. Put the line <pre><nowiki>
We will need to have a specific [[UbuntuHelp:LaTeX|LaTeX]] package in place to enable this feature. Download and install the [[UbuntuHelp:LaTeX|LaTeX]] package [[http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/help/Catalogue/entries/srcltx.html|srcltx]]. There is help on [[LaTeX#manualpkginstall|installing a [[UbuntuHelp:LaTeX|LaTeX]] package manually]].
\usepackage[active]{srcltx}
Once <code><nowiki>srcltx</nowiki></code> is installed, you need to include it in your [[UbuntuHelp:LaTeX|LaTeX]] file. Put <code><nowiki>\usepackage[active]{srcltx</nowiki></code>} in the preamble of your LaTeX document.
</nowiki></pre>in your [[UbuntuHelp:LaTeX|LaTeX]] files for this to work
=== Resources ===
==== Kile and kdvi ====
* [[http://www.tug.org/interest.html|TeX Users Group]] Includes links to resources around the web
* You need to compile your [[UbuntuHelp:LaTeX|LaTeX]] file with the srcltx package. Put the line <pre><nowiki>
* [[http://www.latex-project.org/guides/|LaTeX Documentation]]
\usepackage[active]{srcltx}
* [[http://tug.org/TeXnik/mainFAQ.cgi?file=index|A-Z list of TeX FAQs]]
</nowiki></pre>in your LaTeX files and forward and reverse search should work.
* [[http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/LaTeX|Wikibook's guide to LaTeX]]
----
----
[[category:CategoryDocumentation]] [[category:CategoryArchive]] [[category:CategoryScience]]
[[category:CategoryOffice]] [[category:CategoryScience]]


[[category:UbuntuHelp]]
[[category:UbuntuHelp]]

2008年10月19日 (日) 12:39的版本

{{#ifexist: :LaTeX/zh | | {{#ifexist: LaTeX/zh | | {{#ifeq: {{#titleparts:LaTeX|1|-1|}} | zh | | }} }} }} {{#ifeq: {{#titleparts:LaTeX|1|-1|}} | zh | | }}

LaTeX is a language for describing a document. If you have used HTML, or edited a wiki then you will be familiar with the idea of using symbols or commands within a text file to describe the layout of text. LaTeX is commonly used in scientific publishing. It helps you to make well formated papers, with good looking formulae. It also helps keep track of figure and equation numbers. LaTeX files can be converted into a huge number of formats such as PDF, PostScript, DVI, and HTML. A LaTeX file is an ASCII file containing the text and markup commands. It can be written in a text editor such as Gedit or vim. It is converted into an output format using a LaTeX compiler. Some people like to write LaTeX files in a more integrated environment, with menus and buttons for formatting commands. There are also many add on packages that add features to LaTeX.

Installing

Like Linux, LaTeX is a collection of many interdependent tools and files. Rather than find and install them all you use a LaTeX distribution. LaTeX distributions in the Ubuntu repositories are:

  • TeX Live
  • teTeX

Note that since May 2006 teTeX is no longer supported. See this page for the official statement: [[1]]. Some of the teTeX packages in Ubuntu's repositories are transitionary packages to TeX Live.

TeX Live

One LaTeX distribution you can install is TeX Live. TeX Live has a more comprehensive selection of LaTeX tools than teTeX but takes up more space. It is also a newer addition to Ubuntu than teTeX. It is available for Ubuntu from version 6.10 and is in the Universe repository. To install TeX Live, install texlive. This will install a basic subset of TeX Live's functionality. To install the complete TeX Live distribution, install texlive-full.

teTeX

teTeX was a common LaTeX distribution for Linux. This is in the Main and Universe Ubuntu repositories and can be installed with synaptic or apt-get. At a minimum you will need to install the packages tetex-base, and tetex-bin. Extra packages for teTeX can be found in tetex-extra.

Add on packages

LaTeX can be extended using add on packages. Packages can either be installed using Ubuntu's packaging system, or by manually copying the files to the respective locations.

Installing packages manually

<<Anchor(manualpkginstall)>> If a package you desire is not in Ubuntu's repositories, you may look on [web site] or [Catalogue Online] to see if they have the package. If they do, download the archive containing the files. In this example, we'll install example package foo, contained in foo.tar.gz. Once foo.tar.gz has finished downloading, we unzip it somewhere in our home directory:

tar xvf foo.tar.gz

This expands to folder foo/. We cd into foo/ and see foo.ins. We now run LaTeX on the file:

latex foo.ins

This will generate foo.sty. We now have to copy this file into the correct location. For the purposes of this example, we will copy this into our personal texmf tree. The advantages of this solution are that if we migrate our files to a new computer, we will remember to take our texmf tree with us, resulting in keeping the same packages we had. The disadvantages are that if multiple users want to use the same packages, the tree will have to be copied to each user's home folder. We'll first create the necessary directory structure:

cd ~
mkdir -p texmf/tex/latex/foo

Notice that the final directory created is labeled foo. It is a good idea to name directories after the packages they contain. The -p attribute to mkdir tells it to create all the necessary directories, since they don't exist. Now, using either the terminal, or the file manager, copy foo.sty into the directory labeled foo. Now, we must make LaTeX recognize the new package:

texhash ~/texmf

The new package should now be installed. To use it in your LaTeX document, merely insert \usepackage{foo} in the preamble.

Tips & Tricks

Inverse Search

Inverse search is a feature where a mouse click in the DVI viewer can open an editor with the corresponding place in the (La)TeX source (also called "reverse search"). In xdvi, the default is Ctrl-Left click. In kdvi, Middle click is the default. For information see [[2]].

Emacs and xdvi

Add the following line to the file .emacs in your home directory:

(server-start)

Add the following line to .Xresources

xdvi.editor: emacsclient --no-wait +%l %f

Now run in the terminal:

xrdb .Xresources
Common between Emacs/xdvi and Kile/kdvi

We will need to have a specific LaTeX package in place to enable this feature. Download and install the LaTeX package [[3]]. There is help on [[LaTeX#manualpkginstall|installing a LaTeX package manually]]. Once srcltx is installed, you need to include it in your LaTeX file. Put \usepackage[active]{srcltx} in the preamble of your LaTeX document.

Resources