特殊:Badtitle/NS100:CorporateUbuntu:修订间差异
小无编辑摘要 |
小无编辑摘要 |
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{{From|https://help.ubuntu.com/community/CorporateUbuntu}} | {{From|https://help.ubuntu.com/community/CorporateUbuntu}} | ||
{{Languages| | {{Languages|UbuntuHelp:CorporateUbuntu}} | ||
'''''A suggested guide to setting up Ubuntu for use in a corporate environment''''' | '''''A suggested guide to setting up Ubuntu for use in a corporate environment''''' | ||
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#!/bin/bash | #!/bin/bash | ||
# | # | ||
############################################ | |||
# | |||
# changeprintername - changes the name of a | # changeprintername - changes the name of a | ||
# printer that was | # printer that was | ||
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# 22 November 2005 | # 22 November 2005 | ||
# | # | ||
############################################ | |||
CUPS_DIR=/etc/cups | CUPS_DIR=/etc/cups | ||
CONF=$CUPS_DIR/printers.conf | CONF=$CUPS_DIR/printers.conf | ||
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fi | fi | ||
################################## | |||
# DISPLAY CONFIG AND PROMPT USER # | |||
################################## | |||
# find line number of first instance of old printer name | # find line number of first instance of old printer name | ||
LINE=`grep -m 1 -n $1 $CONF | sed -e 's/^\(.*\)\:.*/\1/'` | LINE=`grep -m 1 -n $1 $CONF | sed -e 's/^\(.*\)\:.*/\1/'` | ||
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esac | esac | ||
################### | |||
# PERFORM CHANGES # | |||
################### | |||
# create symlink | # create symlink | ||
echo | echo | ||
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ncampbell@naaman:~$ less /usr/bin/gnome-session-wrapper | ncampbell@naaman:~$ less /usr/bin/gnome-session-wrapper | ||
######################################### | |||
# XSCREENSAVER | |||
# - ensure users cannot alter | # - ensure users cannot alter | ||
# xscreensaver settings | # xscreensaver settings | ||
######################################### | |||
GLOBALXSS=/etc/X11/app-defaults/XScreenSaver | GLOBALXSS=/etc/X11/app-defaults/XScreenSaver | ||
USERXSS=~/.xscreensaver | USERXSS=~/.xscreensaver | ||
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fi | fi | ||
######################################### | |||
# END XSCREENSAVER | |||
######################################### | |||
</nowiki></pre> | </nowiki></pre> | ||
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ncampbell@naaman:~$ less /usr/bin/gnome-session-wrapper | ncampbell@naaman:~$ less /usr/bin/gnome-session-wrapper | ||
######################################### | |||
# EVOLUTION | |||
# - migrate users from mozilla mail to | # - migrate users from mozilla mail to | ||
# evolution | # evolution | ||
######################################### | |||
ERRORMSG=~/moztoevoerr.`date +%F` | ERRORMSG=~/moztoevoerr.`date +%F` | ||
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fi | fi | ||
######################################### | |||
# END EVOLUTION | |||
######################################### | |||
</nowiki></pre> | </nowiki></pre> | ||
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ncampbell@naaman:~$ mkdir langtools | ncampbell@naaman:~$ mkdir langtools | ||
ncampbell@naaman:~$ cd langtools | ncampbell@naaman:~$ cd langtools | ||
ncampbell@naaman:~/langtools$ unzip *.zip | ncampbell@naaman:~/langtools$ unzip *.zip | ||
ncampbell@naaman:~/langtools$ sudo mv en_AU.aff en_AU.dic hyph_en_GB.dic th_en_US_v2.dat th_en_US_v2.idx /usr/lib/openoffice2/share/dict/ooo/. | ncampbell@naaman:~/langtools$ sudo mv en_AU.aff en_AU.dic hyph_en_GB.dic th_en_US_v2.dat th_en_US_v2.idx /usr/lib/openoffice2/share/dict/ooo/. | ||
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ncampbell@naaman:~$ less /usr/bin/gnome-session-wrapper | ncampbell@naaman:~$ less /usr/bin/gnome-session-wrapper | ||
######################################### | |||
# OPENOFFICE | |||
# - setup users openoffice.org2 | # - setup users openoffice.org2 | ||
# environment | # environment | ||
######################################### | |||
OOODIR=$HOME/.openoffice.org2/user/registry/data/org/openoffice | OOODIR=$HOME/.openoffice.org2/user/registry/data/org/openoffice | ||
CONFDIR=/usr/share/company/ooo2 | CONFDIR=/usr/share/company/ooo2 | ||
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fi | fi | ||
######################################### | |||
# END OPENOFFICE | |||
######################################### | |||
</nowiki></pre> | </nowiki></pre> | ||
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</nowiki></pre> | </nowiki></pre> | ||
To display .desktop entries in the Applications menu, it must belong to a legitimate Category relating to the Directory entry. An entry needs to made into /etc/xdg/menus/applications.menu to assign a category to the CompanyName directory entry: | To display .desktop entries in the Applications menu, it must belong to a legitimate [[category:Category]] relating to the Directory entry. An entry needs to made into /etc/xdg/menus/applications.menu to assign a category to the CompanyName directory entry: | ||
<pre><nowiki> | <pre><nowiki> | ||
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<Include> | <Include> | ||
<And> | <And> | ||
<Category>CompanyName</Category> | <[[category:Category>CompanyName</Category>]] | ||
</And> | </And> | ||
</Include> | </Include> | ||
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ncampbell@naaman:~$ less /usr/bin/gnome-session-wrapper | ncampbell@naaman:~$ less /usr/bin/gnome-session-wrapper | ||
######################################### | |||
# GXINE | |||
# - set gxine settings | # - set gxine settings | ||
######################################### | |||
GLOBALGXINE=/usr/share/company/gxineconf | GLOBALGXINE=/usr/share/company/gxineconf | ||
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fi | fi | ||
######################################### | |||
# END GXINE | |||
######################################### | |||
</nowiki></pre> | </nowiki></pre> | ||
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** Contributors: NaamanCampbell<br> | ** Contributors: NaamanCampbell<br> | ||
---- | ---- | ||
CategoryCleanup CategoryDocumentation | [[category:CategoryCleanup]] [[category:CategoryDocumentation]] | ||
[[category:UbuntuHelp]] | [[category:UbuntuHelp]] |
2007年5月14日 (一) 10:43的版本
文章出处: |
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{{#ifexist: :CorporateUbuntu/zh | | {{#ifexist: CorporateUbuntu/zh | | {{#ifeq: {{#titleparts:CorporateUbuntu|1|-1|}} | zh | | }} }} }} {{#ifeq: {{#titleparts:CorporateUbuntu|1|-1|}} | zh | | }}
A suggested guide to setting up Ubuntu for use in a corporate environment
Foreword
Ubuntu has the potential to be a forerunner in the business Linux desktop market and potentially, the general desktop market (ZDNet UK - Desktop Linux for small business). Combining Ubuntu with a low-cost thin-client architecture such as Sun'Ray (see UbuntuOnSunRay) could be the answer to numerous biased lower TCO reports being advertised by Microsoft.
The basis of this document will cover migration from a Sun Solaris 8 CDE user environment to Ubuntu and a number of best practices for a multi-user environment. Although there will be some SUN environment specific sections, the aim of the document is to provide and facilitate collaboration on a generic guide for setting up Ubuntu in the corporate environment.
This guide is based on a clean install of Ubuntu Breezy Badger (5.10).
Introduction
The setup of the CorporateUbuntu environment is broken up into the following:
- Authentication
- Home Directories
- Remote Mounts
- Printing
- Locale
- Keyboard
- User Login Script
- Locking Down GNOME
- Word Processing Suite
- Terminals
- Multimedia
- GNOME Menu
- Time/Date
- Remote Desktop
The overall aim of the CorporateUbuntu guide is to provide a feature-rich, locked-down and consistent user environment. Considerations have been made and addressed in the areas of migrating from and integrating into existing operating and network environments.
Authentication
Prior to the migration to Ubuntu, NIS was used for authentication. Authentication was migrated over to an LDAP-based system using a Sun Java Enterprise System Directory Server.
- instructions for authenticating off a Sun Java Enterprise System Directory Server are contained in the UbuntuHelp:SunLDAPClientAuthentication page
- instructions for authenticating off an OpenLDAP server are contained in the UbuntuHelp:LDAPClientAuthentication page
- instructions for authenticating off Active Directory are contained in the ActiveDirectoryHowto page
Home Directories
The users home directories reside on a Solaris server and are shared out via NFS. The home directories, are therefore, automounted upon logging into the Ubuntu machine.
- instructions for automounting home directories are contained in the UbuntuHelp:NFSClientHowTo page
Remote Mounts
Similar to the home directories, the Solaris server contains multiple shares available over NFS.
- instructions for statically mounting shares at boot are contained in the UbuntuHelp:NFSClientHowTo page
Printing
The Ubuntu printing setup has disabled the use of CUPS for administration of printers due to security reasons. A current oversight made by the developers involved in the Ubuntu printing interface is the lack of the ability to name/rename printers. The printers are named after the printer model name and it is not scalable in a large environment where several printers of the same model may exist.
A workaround is to rename the entry made in /etc/cups/printers.conf and create a symbolic link to the printer model PPD file in the /etc/cups/ppd directory. Below is a script that can be installed into /usr/bin and run immediately after setting up a printer:
ncampbell@naaman:~$ sudo vi /usr/bin/changeprintername #!/bin/bash # ############################################ # # changeprintername - changes the name of a # printer that was # created using Ubuntu # Printing GUI # # Usage: changeprintername old_name new_name # # Written: Naaman Campbell # 22 November 2005 # ############################################ CUPS_DIR=/etc/cups CONF=$CUPS_DIR/printers.conf PPD_DIR=$CUPS_DIR/ppd # Usage Check if [ $# -ne 2 ]; then echo "Usage: $0 old_name new_name" exit fi ################################## # DISPLAY CONFIG AND PROMPT USER # ################################## # find line number of first instance of old printer name LINE=`grep -m 1 -n $1 $CONF | sed -e 's/^\(.*\)\:.*/\1/'` # obtain a magic number for 'tail' LINECOUNT=`cat $CONF | wc -l` TAILNUM=`expr $LINECOUNT - $LINE` # find number of lines between start and end of # config section for printer PATTERN="</Printer>" NUMOFLINES=`tail -$TAILNUM $CONF | grep -m 1 -n $PATTERN | sed -e 's/^\(.*\)\:.*/\1/'` ENDLINE=`expr $LINE + $NUMOFLINES` # display current config to user echo echo "Confirm changing the current printer $1 to $2" echo "with the following configuration.." echo sed -n ''$LINE','$ENDLINE' p' $CONF echo echo "Proceed with printer name change? (y or n)" read answer case $answer in y) echo "Changing $1 to $2" ;; n) echo "Exiting.." exit ;; *) echo "Invalid selection, now exiting.." exit ;; esac ################### # PERFORM CHANGES # ################### # create symlink echo echo "Creating symlink.." ln -s $PPD_DIR/$1.ppd $PPD_DIR/$2.ppd # update config file echo "Updating configuration file.." sed -i -e ''$LINE','$LINE' s/'$1'/'$2'/' $CONF # restart cups echo "Restarting CUPS.." /etc/init.d/cupsys restart echo "Script completed operations.." ncampbell@naaman:~$ sudo chmod u+x /usr/bin/changeprintername
The changeprintername script is also available as an attachment - https://help.ubuntu.com/community/CorporateUbuntu?action=AttachFile&do=get&target=changeprintername
After a new printer is added to the system, the script can be run as follows:
ncampbell@naaman:~$ sudo changeprintername old_name new_name
alternative method
It is possible to subvert the measures setup by the Ubuntu printing team to enable access into the Cups administration webpages. By adding the cupsys user into the shadow group, the cupsys user is able to edit the necessary printing system files. Change the shadow group line in /etc/group to include the cupsys user:
ncampbell@naaman:~$ sudo vi /etc/group shadow:x:42:cupsys
Locale
During initial testing, it appeared that the locale was not being set correctly after logging into GNOME. The locale issue appears to be a user-specific problem from when users used to log on to a Java Desktop System (JDS) - Solaris 10 machine. Ubuntu provides adequate language configuration during the installation process. If additional languagues need to be added or the default GNOME language needs to be changed, use the Language Selector program:
ncampbell@naaman:~$ sudo /usr/bin/gnome-language-selector
Keyboard
Part of configuring Ubuntu for corporate use is locking down the desktop. Limiting the number of keyboard shortcuts, and limiting configuration of shortcuts, is part of restricting access to sections of GNOME.
Adapted from the UbuntuOnSunRay wiki, listed below are a set of suggested shortcuts to be made available to users:
- Launch help browser - Help*
- Lock screen - "Moon"*
- Home folder - Open*
- Search - Find*
- Take a screenshot - Print
- Take a screenshot of a window - <Alt>Print
- Close window - <Alt>F4
- Move between windows with popup - <Alt>Tab
- Switch to workspace on the left - <Control><Alt>Left
- Switch to workspace on the right - <Control><Alt>Right
(* denotes Sun Keyboard specific keys - could be mapped to other keys on other keyboards)
To forcibly set the shortcuts, the use of the gconftool-2 command needs to be used. Follow the procedures listed on the UbuntuOnSunRay wiki - Keyboard Shortcuts - as a guide on how to lockdown keyboard shortcuts.
User Login Script
In some sections below, a need arises for a login script to ensure uniform configuration of user profiles logging into the customised system. The steps below outline how to setup a wrapper script for /usr/bin/gnome-session, which is executed on login, and a complete example gnome-session-wrapper script is attached - https://help.ubuntu.com/community/CorporateUbuntu?action=AttachFile&do=get&target=gnome-session-wrapper%3A
ncampbell@naaman:~$ sudo cp gnome-session-wrapper /usr/bin/. ncampbell@naaman:~$ sudo chmod 755 /usr/bin/gnome-session-wrapper ncampbell@naaman:~$ sudo rm /etc/alternatives/x-session-manager ncampbell@naaman:~$ sudo ln -s /usr/bin/gnome-session-wrapper /etc/alternatives/x-session-manager
The wrapper script may contain unwanted components, such as the Mozilla -> Evolution migration section, which should be removed from the script if it is not needed.
Locking Down GNOME
It appears that the GNOME team has withdrawn the setup of the lockdown configuration that was present in GNOME 2.6. The lockdown setup was also undesirable as it did not allow users to drag and drop shortcuts from the GNOME menu onto the desktop or menu bar.
The current concerns of the lockdown procedures are ensuring a consistent look-and-feel across all desktops and setting minor options for users. The look-and-feel is controlled by the three areas: theme, background and screensaver.
look-and-feel
Theme and background are controlled by the gconf database and can be enforced system-wide. The Clearlooks theme was selected to replace the somewhat initially unfavourable brown Human theme. Clearlooks coupled with a background consisting of a 150x150 company logo on a dark-to-light grey vertical gradient, makes for a clean looking desktop. Prior to performing the gconftool-2 commands below, ensure all users are logged out of GNOME (perform commands from text console or a remotely logged-in session):
ncampbell@naaman:~$ sudo gconftool-2 --direct --config-source xml:readwrite:/etc/gconf/gconf.xml.mandatory --type string --set /desktop/gnome/background/color_shading_type "vertical-gradient" ncampbell@naaman:~$ sudo gconftool-2 --direct --config-source xml:readwrite:/etc/gconf/gconf.xml.mandatory --type bool --set /desktop/gnome/background/draw_background true ncampbell@naaman:~$ sudo gconftool-2 --direct --config-source xml:readwrite:/etc/gconf/gconf.xml.mandatory --type string --set /desktop/gnome/background/picture_filename "/usr/share/backgrounds/company_logo.png" ncampbell@naaman:~$ sudo gconftool-2 --direct --config-source xml:readwrite:/etc/gconf/gconf.xml.mandatory --type int --set /desktop/gnome/background/picture_opacity 100 ncampbell@naaman:~$ sudo gconftool-2 --direct --config-source xml:readwrite:/etc/gconf/gconf.xml.mandatory --type string --set /desktop/gnome/background/picture_options "centered" ncampbell@naaman:~$ sudo gconftool-2 --direct --config-source xml:readwrite:/etc/gconf/gconf.xml.mandatory --type string --set /desktop/gnome/background/primary_color "#3E3A36" ncampbell@naaman:~$ sudo gconftool-2 --direct --config-source xml:readwrite:/etc/gconf/gconf.xml.mandatory --type string --set /desktop/gnome/background/secondary_color "#DFDFDF" ncampbell@naaman:~$ sudo gconftool-2 --direct --config-source xml:readwrite:/etc/gconf/gconf.xml.mandatory --type string --set /desktop/gnome/interface/gtk_theme "Clearlooks"
screensaver
Screensaver configuration is separate to the gconf system and is configured system-wide via /etc/X11/app-defaults/XScreenSaver. Although a system-wide file exists, users are still able to change the settings by setting up a .xscreensaver file within their home directories. A suggested method of locking down the screensavers is to "mv" the screensaver files from /usr/lib/xscreensaver to another directory and to create a symbolic link to /etc/X11/app-defaults/XScreenSaver named .xscreensaver under the user's home directory upon logging in to GNOME.
The means for creating the .xscreensaver for the user can be performed inside the gnome-session-wrapper script:
ncampbell@naaman:~$ less /usr/bin/gnome-session-wrapper ######################################### # XSCREENSAVER # - ensure users cannot alter # xscreensaver settings ######################################### GLOBALXSS=/etc/X11/app-defaults/XScreenSaver USERXSS=~/.xscreensaver # check if file exists if [ -e $USERXSS ]; then # check if file is a symlink if [ -h $USERXSS ]; then CONF=`ls -l $USERXSS | sed -e "s/.*\.xscreensaver -> //g"` # check if symlink points to correct location if [ $GLOBALXSS != $CONF ]; then rm $USERXSS fi else # file is not a symlink rm $USERXSS fi fi # check if symlink exists if [ ! -h $USERXSS ]; then ln -s $GLOBALXSS $USERXSS fi ######################################### # END XSCREENSAVER #########################################
In a thin-client environment, it is recommended that a blank screensaver is used due to the amount of load needed to serve the video. The following /etc/X11/app-defaults/XScreenSaver-gl contains configuration suitable for a thin-client environment - https://help.ubuntu.com/community/CorporateUbuntu?action=AttachFile&do=get&target=XScreenSaver-gl.
Suggested xscreensaver settings in a "fat-client" environment include:
- Only One Screen Saver
- Blank after 10 minutes
- Lock screen upon blanking
- The GLText (clock) screensaver - with all effects turned off
Company Name
Monday 28 Nov 2005 11:39:07 AM
A sample /etc/X11/app-defaults/XScreenSaver containing the above suggested settings is attached - https://help.ubuntu.com/community/CorporateUbuntu?action=AttachFile&do=get&target=XScreenSaver.
default settings
The minor settings that can form part of locking down the environment include changing the default archive extension to .zip and the configuration of sound settings within GNOME to turn on sound and turn off sound events. Once again, prior to performing these gconftool-2 commands, ensure all users are logged out of GNOME:
ncampbell@naaman:~$ sudo gconftool-2 --direct --config-source xml:readwrite:/etc/gconf/gconf.xml.mandatory --type string --set /apps/file-roller/dialogs/batch-add/default_extension ".zip" ncampbell@naaman:~$ sudo gconftool-2 --direct --config-source xml:readwrite:/etc/gconf/gconf.xml.mandatory --type bool --set /desktop/gnome/sound/event_sounds false ncampbell@naaman:~$ sudo gconftool-2 --direct --config-source xml:readwrite:/etc/gconf/gconf.xml.mandatory --type bool --set /desktop/gnome/sound/enable_esd true
The current email client used on the Solaris desktops is Mozilla Mail 1.4. Email is currently using POP to transfer emails and will continue to use POP from within Evolution. POP-to-IMAP changeover will occur at a later date.
When users log in to GNOME, an addition to the gnome-session-wrapper script can check if the user has an existing evolution profile and migrate the user's Mozilla mail into Evolution. The additional section of gnome-session-wrapper performs the following:
- creates and initialises a minimal evolution profile
- moves the email into the correct sections of the new profile
- prepares the moved files for first usage
~- Note: this method can result in a very long delay when the user first logs in if the user has a large email directory -~
The script requires installing and configuring ssmtp & mailx to email the system administrator errors that may arise in the migration process.
ncampbell@naaman:~$ sudo apt-get install ssmtp ncampbell@naaman:~$ sudo vi /etc/ssmtp/ssmtp.conf mailhub=mail.company.com.au hostname=naaman.company.com.au ncampbell@naaman:~$ sudo apt-get install mailx ncampbell@naaman:~$ less /usr/bin/gnome-session-wrapper ######################################### # EVOLUTION # - migrate users from mozilla mail to # evolution ######################################### ERRORMSG=~/moztoevoerr.`date +%F` [email protected] ERRORSUBJECT="Non-standard Mozilla profile" EVODIR=~/.evolution/mail/local SKIPEVO=0 # evolution mail directory exists if [ -d $EVODIR ]; then # further processing is not necessary SKIPEVO=1 fi function emailerrors { # error message file contains data if [ -s $ERRORMSG ]; then mailx -s "$ERRORSUBJECT" $ERRORRECIPIENT < $ERRORMSG rm $ERRORMSG SKIPEVO=1 fi } # check if more than one profile exists PROFILE_COUNT=`find ~/.mozilla/* -type d | grep slt | cut -f5 -d "/" | uniq | wc -l` if [ $PROFILE_COUNT -gt 1 ]; then echo "$USER has too many profiles - manual migration needed" >> $ERRORMSG emailerrors fi # obtain mozilla directory path PROFILEDIR=`find ~/.mozilla/* -type d | grep slt | cut -f5 -d "/" | uniq` SLTDIR=`find ~/.mozilla/* -type d | grep slt | cut -f6 -d "/" | uniq` # check for email directory EMAILDIR=~/.mozilla/$PROFILEDIR/$SLTDIR/Mail if [ ! -d $EMAILDIR ]; then # no email directory, so skipping SKIPEVO=1 fi if [ $SKIPEVO -eq 0 ]; then # initialise evolution profile settings ACCNAME="$USERNAME on mail" DOMAIN=company.com.au EMAIL="$USERNAME@$DOMAIN" MAILSERVER=mail.$DOMAIN OUTGOINGMAIL=mailout.$DOMAIN PREFS=~/.mozilla/$PROFILEDIR/$SLTDIR/prefs.js # obtain Mozilla prefs ID number MOZID=`grep -e "identity\.id.*\.useremail\"\,\ \"$USERNAME\@$DOMAIN\"" $PREFS | sed -e 's/.*\.\(id.\)\..*/\1/g'` # obtain user Full Name NAME=`grep -e "identity\.$MOZID\.fullName" $PREFS | sed -e 's/.*fullName\"\,\ \"\(.*\)\".*/\1/g'` if [ -z $NAME ]; then # fullName field is empty # obtain from GECOS field in passwd database NAME=`getent passwd | grep $USERNAME | cut -d: -f5` fi # create evolution profile mkdir -p $EVODIR # copy emails - maintaining folder structure cp -pr $EMAILDIR/$MAILSERVER/* $EVODIR/. # remove unnecessary files find $EVODIR -name "*.msf" -exec rm {} \; find $EVODIR -name "*.dat" -exec rm {} \; find $EVODIR -name "*.html" -exec rm {} \; # generate random numbers for evolution profile UIDPT1=`echo $RANDOM$RANDOM$RANDOM | sed -e 's/^\(..........\).*/\1/g'` UIDPT2=`echo $RANDOM$RANDOM$RANDOM | sed -e 's/^\(.....\).*/\1/g'` PROFILEUID=$UIDPT1.$UIDPT2.1 ABOOKUIDPT1=`echo $RANDOM$RANDOM$RANDOM | sed -e 's/^\(..........\).*/\1/g'` ABOOKUIDPT2=`echo $RANDOM$RANDOM$RANDOM | sed -e 's/^\(.....\).*/\1/g'` ABOOKUID=$ABOOKUIDPT1.$ABOOKUIDPT2 # clear previous configuration gconftool-2 --recursive-unset /apps/evolution # setup mail account gconftool-2 --type list --set /apps/evolution/mail/accounts --list-type string "[<?xml version=\"1.0\"?>\ <account name=\"$ACCNAME\" uid=\"$PROFILEUID@$HOSTNAME\" enabled=\"true\"><identity><name>$NAME</name><addr-spec>$EMAIL</addr-spec><signature uid=\"\"/></identity><source save-passwd=\"true\" keep-on-server=\"false\" auto-check=\"true\" auto-check-timeout=\"5\"><url>pop://$USERNAME@$MAILSERVER/;use_ssl=never</url></source><transport save-passwd=\"false\"><url>smtp://$USERNAME@$OUTGOINGMAIL/;use_ssl=never</url></transport><drafts-folder>mbox:$HOME/.evolution/mail/local#Drafts</drafts-folder><sent-folder>mbox:$HOME/.evolution/mail/local#Sent</sent-folder><auto-cc always=\"false\"><recipients></recipients></auto-cc><auto-bcc always=\"false\"><recipients></recipients></auto-bcc><receipt-policy policy=\"never\"/><pgp encrypt-to-self=\"false\" always-trust=\"false\" always-sign=\"false\" no-imip-sign=\"false\"/><smime sign-default=\"false\" encrypt-default=\"false\" encrypt-to-self=\"false\"/></account>]" gconftool-2 --set /apps/evolution/mail/default_account --type string "$PROFILEUID@$HOSTNAME" # setup address books gconftool-2 --type list --set /apps/evolution/addressbook/sources --list-type string "[<?xml version="1.0"?>\ <group uid=\"$ABOOKUID.0@$HOSTNAME\" name=\"On This Computer\" base_uri=\"file://$HOME/.evolution/addressbook/local\" readonly=\"no\"><source uid=\"$ABOOKUID.1@$HOSTNAME\" name=\"Personal\" relative_uri=\"system\"><properties><property name=\"completion\" value=\"true\"/></properties></source></group>\ ,<?xml version=\"1.0\"?>\ <group uid=\"$ABOOKUID.2@$HOSTNAME\" name=\"On LDAP Servers\" base_uri=\"ldap://\" readonly=\"no\"><source uid=\"$ABOOKUID.3@$HOSTNAME\" name=\"Company Name Address Book\" relative_uri=\"dir.$DOMAIN:389/o=People??one\"><properties><property name=\"timeout\" value=\"3\"/><property name=\"limit\" value=\"100\"/><property name=\"completion\" value=\"true\"/></properties></source></group>]" gconftool-2 --set /apps/evolution/addressbook/display/primary_addressbook --type string "$ABOOKUID.1" # end evolution if statement fi ######################################### # END EVOLUTION #########################################
At present, address books cannot be migrated on the command line and are going to be done manually. A solution does exist as documented here - Web-based mab2ldif conversion tool. The authors have been contacted to obtain the source.
Word Processing Suite
The OpenOffice2 suite of applications offers vast improvements over the currently used StarOffice7. OpenOffice2 provides a method for using the GTK file chooser dialogs and, although it does not have the language support of StarOffice7, methods are available for setting up language tools to suit different regions.
The following instructions are useful in environments that don't require the EN-US locale.
Obtain the dictionary, hyphenation dictionary and the thesaurus for the desired language from the OpenOffice Writing Aids site. Save the files into a new folder named langtools, extract the archives and move the files into the /usr/lib/openoffice2/share/dict/ooo directory:
- Instructions below are for Australian English
- British English is the closest English offering a hyphenation dictionary
- Only an American English thesaurus is available
- Instructions below are for Australian English
ncampbell@naaman:~$ mkdir langtools ncampbell@naaman:~$ cd langtools ncampbell@naaman:~/langtools$ unzip *.zip ncampbell@naaman:~/langtools$ sudo mv en_AU.aff en_AU.dic hyph_en_GB.dic th_en_US_v2.dat th_en_US_v2.idx /usr/lib/openoffice2/share/dict/ooo/. ncampbell@naaman:~/langtools$ cd ..
To complete the configuration, the following was appended to the end of the Dictionary list file:
ncampbell@naaman:~$ sudo vi /usr/lib/openoffice2/share/dict/ooo/dictionary.lst DICT en AU en_AU HYPH en AU hyph_en_GB HYPH en GB hyph_en_GB THES en AU th_en_US_v2 THES en GB th_en_US_v2 THES en US th_en_US_v2
To set the correct locale & dictionaries along with changing to use the GTK file chooser dialogs, user configuration needs to be changed. A suggested way of setting up user configuration for OpenOffice2 is to store base configuration files in a common location and copy the files into the user directory upon login.
The attached files: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Common.xcu, https://help.ubuntu.com/community/CorporateUbuntu?action=AttachFile&do=get&target=Linguistic.xcu and https://help.ubuntu.com/community/CorporateUbuntu?action=AttachFile&do=get&target=Setup.xcu are to be saved to the common location and the following amendment to the ?action=AttachFile&do=get&target=usr%2Fbin%2Fgnome-session-wrapper script needs to be made:
ncampbell@naaman:~$ sudo mkdir -p /usr/share/company/ooo2/Office ncampbell@naaman:~$ sudo mv Common.xcu Linguistic.xcu /usr/share/company/ooo2/Office/. ncampbell@naaman:~$ sudo mv Setup.xcu /usr/share/company/ooo2/. ncampbell@naaman:~$ less /usr/bin/gnome-session-wrapper ######################################### # OPENOFFICE # - setup users openoffice.org2 # environment ######################################### OOODIR=$HOME/.openoffice.org2/user/registry/data/org/openoffice CONFDIR=/usr/share/company/ooo2 # openoffice.org2 directory does not exist if [ ! -d $OOODIR ]; then mkdir -p $OOODIR cp -r $CONFDIR/* $OOODIR/. fi ######################################### # END OPENOFFICE #########################################
Terminals
A requirement of the migration was to provide access to multiple terminal-based systems via gnome-terminal. A scalable method of managing different terminals for different systems was to create the gnome-terminal profiles globally (within gconf) and provide launchers in a custom Applications menu to allow users to drag-and-drop desired launchers to their desktops/panels.
The gnome-terminal profiles were built by changing the settings using Edit -> Profiles. Settings changed included colours and the disabling of the F1 key to allow F1 to be used within certain applications. Once the settings has been configured for the current user, the configuration was exported to XML then applied globally using gconftool-2. Ensure all users are logged out prior to performing the following:
ncampbell@naaman:~$ gconftool-2 --dump /apps/gnome-terminal > /tmp/terminal.xml ncampbell@naaman:~$ sudo gconftool-2 --direct --config-source xml:readwrite:/etc/gconf/gconf.xml.defaults --load /tmp/terminal.xml
Creating a new menu globally in Gnome 2.12 involves a number of steps. The first part is creating the Directory entry in /usr/share/desktop-directories:
ncampbell@naaman:~$ sudo vi /usr/share/desktop-directories/CompanyName.directory [Desktop Entry] Name=Company Name Comment=Company Name applications Icon=company-name Type=Directory Encoding=UTF-8
To display .desktop entries in the Applications menu, it must belong to a legitimate relating to the Directory entry. An entry needs to made into /etc/xdg/menus/applications.menu to assign a category to the CompanyName directory entry:
ncampbell@naaman:~$ sudo vi /etc/xdg/menus/applications.menu <!-- CompanyName --> <Menu> <Name>CompanyName</Name> <Directory>CompanyName.directory</Directory> <Include> <And> <[[category:Category>CompanyName</Category>]] </And> </Include> </Menu> <!-- End CompanyName -->
Prior to populating the menu with items, a copy of the company logo was altered and placed into the right location as an icon for the new menu. The logo was set onto a transparent background, resized to 32x32 pixels and saved as a PNG using the GIMP. The icon was then copied to /usr/share/pixmaps:
ncampbell@naaman:~$ sudo cp company-logo.png /usr/share/pixmaps/.
The final step involves creating the Desktop entry files to fill the new menu. Desktop files created with the CompanyName category will appear under the Applications -> Company Name menu.
ncampbell@naaman:~$ sudo vi /usr/share/applications/sydney_production.desktop [Desktop Entry] Encoding=UTF-8 Name=Sydney Production Comment=Sydney Production Site Exec=/usr/bin/prodsys syd Categories=GNOME;Application;CompanyName
~-* /usr/bin/prodsys is a wrapper script to execute a gnome-terminal command - 'gnome-terminal --window-with-profile=sydprod -e ssh syd' would be executed-~
The new desktop entry should now appear under the new menu. Repeat the Desktop entry step for the remainder of terminals required.
Multimedia
gxine
Running sound over a thin-client architecture requires solely relying on the ESD sound system. After extensive testing of multiple multimedia players, gxine came out as the clear winner. gxine provides GTK file dialogs and supports additional codecs and the ESD system with minimal configuration. Further information about the installation of additional codecs is available from the RestrictedFormats wiki. gxine can be installed via:
ncampbell@naaman:~$ sudo apt-get install gxine ncampbell@naaman:~$ sudo cp /usr/share/gxine/pixmaps/gxine-logo.png /usr/share/pixmaps/.
To ensure all users have the same configuration for all users, a setup similar to the xscreensaver configuration is needed. The setup, however, does not prevent users from recreating the .gxine directory, but will reset the configuration each time at login.
Perform the following steps to setup an initial configuration file:
- open gxine and follow the wizard
- "~/.mailcap" and "KDE / Konqueror" options can be unchecked
- File -> Preferences
- [gui] experience_level = Advanced
- [audio] [] driver = esd
- open gxine and follow the wizard
After setting up the desired configuration for the current user, copy the configuration file to a shared common location and setup the following addition to the gnome-session-wrapper script:
ncampbell@naaman:~$ sudo cp ~/.gxine/config /usr/share/company/gxineconf ncampbell@naaman:~$ less /usr/bin/gnome-session-wrapper ######################################### # GXINE # - set gxine settings ######################################### GLOBALGXINE=/usr/share/company/gxineconf # check if file exists if [ -e $HOME/.gxine/config ]; then # check if file is a symlink if [ -h $HOME/.gxine/config ]; then CONF=`ls -l $HOME/.gxine/config | sed -e "s/.*config -> //g"` # check if symlink points to correct location if [ $GLOBALGXINE != $CONF ]; then rm $HOME/.gxine/config fi else # file is not a symlink rm $HOME/.gxine/config fi fi # check if symlink exists if [ ! -h $HOME/.gxine/config ]; then # check if directory exists if [ ! -d $HOME/.gxine ]; then mkdir $HOME/.gxine fi # create symlink cd $HOME/.gxine ln -s $GLOBALGXINE config fi ######################################### # END GXINE #########################################
adobe acrobat
To complement evince, Adobe Acrobat was installed to provide full PDF support:
ncampbell@naaman:~$ sudo apt-get install acroread mozilla-acroread
macromedia flash
To complete the multimedia setup, Macromedia Flash support was installed:
ncampbell@naaman:~$ sudo apt-get install flashplayer-mozilla
An issue related to the installation of the flash plugin is the lack of multiple user sound support. On a single-user system, creating a symlink to the esd library in the right location can fix the issue. Multiple user systems (and it seems newer versions of esd on single-user machines) use a multiple esd socket file system. When a user logs on, a new socket is created under /tmp/.esd for the user. The Macromedia Flash plugin has the /tmp/.esd/socket file location hardcoded and a workaround is not possible at present.
In short, Macromedia Flash sound is not possible in a multiple user environment.
GNOME Menu
Although the GNOME menu system has improved greatly in 2.12, there still is a lack of a tool for editing the GNOME menu on a system-wide basis. GNOME menu configuration, therefore, still needs to be edited on the command line.
The GNOME menu consists of a collection of desktop files in the /usr/share/applications directory. Inside each file is a Categories line which determines where the menu entry exists. A small number of system tool desktop files exist in /usr/share/control-center-2.0/capplets.
The first step in "trimming the fat" from the GNOME menu is to create a disabledapps directory under /usr/share/applications:
ncampbell@naaman:~$ sudo mkdir /usr/share/applications/disabledapps
Next, determine which apps stay and which apps go. The current Applications menu configuration (after removing unwanted apps) is:
- Accessories
- Archive Manager
- Calculator
- Character Map
- File Browser
- Terminal
- Text Editor
- Company Name
- Sydney Production
- Oodnadatta Production
- Yackandandah Production
- Mullumbimby Production
- Graphics
- Document Viewer*
- GIMP Image Editor
- gThumb Image Viewer
- Image Viewer
- Internet
- Evolution Mail
- Firefox Web Browser
- Terminal Server Client
- Office
- (no changes)
- Sound & Video
- gxine
- Accessories
~-* Document Viewer was enabled - more later-~
The process of removing the unwanted entries consisted of moving the desktop files into /usr/share/applications/disabledapps then adding the "NoDisplay=true" line to each file. Below is a listing of the apps that currently exist in the disabledapps directory:
ncampbell@naaman:~$ ls -1 /usr/share/applications/disabledapps blackjack.desktop bug-buddy.desktop disks.desktop freecell.desktop gaim.desktop gataxx.desktop gconf-editor.desktop gdmflexiserver.desktop gdmflexiserver-xnest.desktop gdmsetup.desktop gfloppy.desktop gksu.desktop gksuexec.desktop glines.desktop gnect.desktop gnibbles.desktop gnobots2.desktop gnome-app-install.desktop gnome-btdownload.desktop gnome-cd.desktop gnome-cups-manager.desktop gnome-dictionary.desktop gnomemeeting.desktop gnome-nettool.desktop gnome-screensaver-properties.desktop gnome-sound-recorder.desktop gnome-stones.desktop gnome-system-log.desktop gnome-system-monitor.desktop gnometris.desktop gnome-volume-control.desktop gnome-volume-properties.desktop gnomine.desktop gnotravex.desktop gnotski.desktop gpilotd-control-applet.desktop gstreamer-properties.desktop gtali.desktop hal-device-manager.desktop hwdb.desktop iagno.desktop language-selector.desktop mahjongg.desktop network.desktop reclevel.desktop rhythmbox.desktop same-gnome.desktop serpentine.desktop services.desktop shares.desktop smeg.desktop smeg-kde.desktop sol.desktop sound-juicer.desktop synaptic.desktop synaptic-kde.desktop time.desktop totem.desktop update-manager.desktop users.desktop vumeter.desktop xchat.desktop xsane.desktop
Attached is a copy of this listing, however it does not contain the entries that usually reside under /usr/share/control-center-2.0/capplets - https://help.ubuntu.com/community/CorporateUbuntu?action=AttachFile&do=get&target=disabledapps. Save the disabledapps file and execute the following:
ncampbell@naaman:~$ sudo mv /usr/share/control-center-2.0/capplets/* /usr/share/applications/disabledapps/. ncampbell@naaman:~$ for i in `cat disabledapps`; do sudo mv /usr/share/applications/$i /usr/share/applications/disabledapps/.; done ncampbell@naaman:~$ sudo sed -i -e '/NoDisplay/d' /usr/share/applications/disabledapps/* ncampbell@naaman:~$ for i in `ls -1 /usr/share/applications/disabledapps`; do echo "NoDisplay=true" | sudo tee -a /usr/share/applications/disabledapps/$i; done
The final step in the GNOME menu configuration is enabling hidden items, such as the Document Viewer (evince) entry. Enabling an item is performed by changing the NoDisplay line to equal false:
ncampbell@naaman:~$ sudo sed -i -e 's/NoDisplay\=false/NoDisplay=true/g' /usr/share/applications/evince.desktop
A suggested method for administrators to regain access to some of the removed apps is to run smeg on the command-line and add the desired apps to the current user only.
Time/Date
The default configuration for ntpdate is to synchronise the system time with ntp.ubuntulinux.org when starting up. Problems arise when this is attempted inside a proxied/firewalled network. A workaround to this issue is to point NTP clients to internal NTP servers which update from external NTP servers. To change what server an Ubuntu machine points to, change /etc/default/ntpdate:
ncampbell@naaman:~$ sudo vi /etc/default/ntpdate NTPSERVERS="server.companyname.com.au"
Remote Desktop
~-* bug submitted - see head-01ccb694f9193309fc8e6b926dc2e5d559400ecb below -~
A large advantage over the current CDE environment is the ability to remotely control a user's desktop using VNC. A problem arises, however, when trying to locate which user has which VNC desktop. When a user runs System -> Preferences -> Remote Desktop a link is displayed showing how to connect to the user's display. This display always appears to be display 0 and not the user's real display.
The vineyard script, https://help.ubuntu.com/community/vineyard, can be installed into the ?action=AttachFile&do=get&target=usr%2Fshare%2Fcompany directory to match users with their displays. Placing the script in another directory other than /usr/bin prevents a conflict occuring with another similarly named package.
ncampbell@naaman:~$ sudo mv vineyard /usr/share/company/. ncampbell@naaman:~$ sudo chmod 755 /usr/share/company/vineyard ncampbell@naaman:~$ sudo /usr/share/company/vineyard =================== REMOTE DESKTOPS =================== ============================= | username | display number | ============================= | pcuser1 | 00 | | pcuser2 | 01 | =============================
The desired desktop then can be connected to using the Terminal Server Client by entering the address as hostname:"display number" - example: naaman:01.
Issues Being Investigated
- BugID 6744 - Remote Desktop does not display the correct display number to connect to.
- BugID 319798 already exists for this issue on the Gnome Bugzilla
- BugID 6744 - Remote Desktop does not display the correct display number to connect to.
Additional Notes
This document, when completed, will be broken down into individual wikis relating to each section and a short paragraph on how each section relates to this document will remain. Breaking down this wiki will allow other contributors to add links to their own wikis, for example, a wiki on how to setup Ubuntu to authenticate off an OpenLDAP server.
Document To-Do List
- Submit bugs on current issues
- in progress
- Split into separate wikis
- if existing content exists on Ubuntu wiki - collaborate with current documents
- in progress
- Submit bugs on current issues
UbuntuOnSunRay Compatibility Issues
- perform the CorporateUbuntu steps prior to the UbuntuOnSunRay steps
- problems may arise if the ssh and dhcpd3 packages are installed after setting up LDAP authentication
- as a workaround, install the packages prior to setting up LDAP authentication
- combine the /usr/bin/gnome-session-wrapper and /usr/bin/gnome-session-sunray scripts as /usr/bin/gnome-session-wrapper
- essentially, these scripts perform the same function
Credits
- Created: 2005-11-17 01:40:19 by NaamanCampbell
- Updated: DateTime by NaamanCampbell
- Contributors: NaamanCampbell
- Created: 2005-11-17 01:40:19 by NaamanCampbell