UsbAdslModem/e-techV2：修订间差异

2008年3月2日 (日) 12:04的版本

This howto will help you to set up a e-tech V2 ADSL USB modem.

第1部分，USB猫驱动

步骤1：获得驱动

在sourceforge 项目中一组人正在为许多USB ADSL猫开发驱动。我的 USB ADSL猫（a－tech－V2 usb）集成conexant芯片，我找到了一些关于它的如下文件(http: //accessrunner.sourceforge.net/index.shtml)

/drivers/usb/atm/cxacru.c

/drivers/usb/atm/Kbuild

/drivers/usb/atm/Kconfig

/drivers/usb/atm/usbatm.c

/drivers/usb/atm/usbatm.h

步骤2：获取猫固件

大多数猫有一个可编程的微处理器（一台“简单的"的电脑），由于能做很多事，因此该处理器销售旺盛且非常便宜。上述驱动将会上载一个允许微处理器具备调制解调功能小程序到猫。这个小程序（叫做固件）常要求得到许可。

从步骤1下载的驱动不包含这些固件（否则它是非法的），但你可能得到一张包含许多文件的随猫CD，CD中含有该固件。如果你的猫工作在Windows下，固件就会在Windows区。因此你已经有了固件的合法复制品，唯一的问题是找到该固件。sourceforge站点给了你一些提示。我已经找到了一个叫做 cxacru-fw.c（我丢失了URL名，但是你可以通过google搜索到）的程序。在编译cxacru-fw.c（URL给你清晰指示）後，cxacru-fw会从CD上的一个叫做CnxEtU.sys文件中释放固件，或者释放Windows区，务必保证把把固件改名为cxacru- fw.bin，并把cxacru-bin放置在：

/lib/hotplug/firmware

''''注释:这是Ubuntu指定的，其它Linux释放版本用其它位置。

''''注释2：文件cxacru-fw.bin是被许可的，勿重新分配。

步骤3：重新编译linux-kernel

(不幸的是，若没有因特网连接该工作将很难进行）

步骤 3a：在ubuntuforums.org上有一篇关于“新手内核编译“如何操作的文章。在重新编译内核时，你必须完成该文中提到的所有必要步骤。该文章的目的是通过重新编译内核使显卡工作，因此有许多可选步骤可以省略。

然而，该文假设Ubuntu工作在有因特网连接的环境中。

步骤3b：这就意味着你不能安装重新编译内核所需的所有包。你需要的文件一些在http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/上

其中一个你需要的包是libncurses5-dev，一种找到该文件地址的方法如下：进入 http://ftp.se.kde.org/ftpsearch.html，搜索libncurses5-dev，现在你会在Debian FTP－文档中得到一些该位置的信息。Ubuntu文档和Debian是一样的结构，因此你可以在ubuntu文档的相同位置找到libncurses5 -dev。

通过这种方式下载的包会有一个扩展的.deb。该.deb可以通过下面命令手动安装：

dpkg -i (package.deb)

通过阅读vanila内核“新手内核编译“如何操作的编译部分，你能获得更多怎样利用这种变通方法的知识。

'

步骤3c：如果你完成步骤3“新手内核编译”如何操作（祝贺你已经到了这一步），首先退出配置菜单，查找usb_atm.c在原树中的位置。该位置很有可能在/usr/src/linux/drivers/usb/atm/usb_atm.c，在这里，重命名文件usb_atm.c，usb_atm.h， Kbuild和Kconfig（加了一些如.old的东西），复制新驱动到如下位置：

/drivers/usb/atm/cxacru.c

/drivers/usb/atm/Kbuild

/drivers/usb/atm/Kconfig

/drivers/usb/atm/usbatm.c

/drivers/usb/atm/usbatm.h

我把usbatm.c和usbatm.h重命名成usb_atm.c和usb_atm.h，但不能确认该操作是否有必要。

现在，再次输入：

sudo make menuconfig

现在，在子菜单driers-usb-atm我选择了cxacru（新驱动），而后输入m（可能＊也行，我不确定）。退出配置菜单并编译内核。

''''步骤3d（可选）：一切应该顺利，但在我的操作中并非如此，我得到一条错误信息：

Inconsistent kallsyms data
Try setting CONFIG_KALLSYMS_EXTRA_PASS
make: *** [vmlinux] Fout 1

我不知道如何设置CONFIG_KALLSYMS_EXTRA_PASS，因此我做了一件错误的事，按名编辑Makefile，查找 CONFIG_KALLSYMS_EXTRA_PASS在Makefile中的位置，且核对其参数，然后改变IF声明使它在 CONFIG_KALLSYMS_EXTRA_PASS为真时执行。这种方法是有用的（我希望有人编辑过这个，且能解释怎样漂亮地完成编辑）

''''步骤3e（可选）：在安装过程中我再一次得到错误信息：

dpkg-gencontrol: error: package kernel-image-2.6.12-accessrunner not in control info
make[1]: *** [real_stamp_image] Fout 255
make[1]: Leaving directory `/usr/src/linux-source-2.6.12-10.25'
make: *** [kernel-image-deb] Fout 2

在这里，我也可能做了一件错误的事情，加了一些如下的东西到debian/control

Package: kernel-image-2.6.12-accessrunner
Architecture: all
Section: devel
Priority: optional
Depends: 
Provides: ${kt-provides}
Description: Linux kernel image

因为有两个包，我不得不这样做，（我希望有人编辑过这个，且能解释怎样漂亮地完成编辑）

''''步骤3f：最终你会有新的内核包。如果你不能完成上述过程，通过[email protected]给我发信息，我会用email传给你两个包文件（25MB）

''''步骤4：安装内核包（查看“新手内核编译”如何操作一文）
如果你重启系统，GRUB将会给你一个启动新内核的选项。在启动新内核并登录后，核对应用程序，系统工具，系统日志。如果一切运行正常，你将会看到，USB 猫将被检测到，且cxacru已经被激活。你也会看到来在CXacru in /var/log/messages（如果你看到的一切运行正常的）的消息：

localhost kernel [4294759.585000] cxacru 1-1:1.0: ADSL line: training
localhost kernel [4294764.599000] cxacru 1-1:1.0: ADSL line: channel analysis
localhost kernel [4294769.585000] cxacru 1-1:1.0: ADSL line: up (384 Kib/s down | 128 Kib/s up)

'

步骤 4a（可选）：起初我得到一些错误提示：

localhost kernel [4300944.253000] cxacru 1-1:1.0: firmware unavailable (hotplug configuration problem?)
localhost kernel [4295543.593000] cxacru 1-1:1.0: poll status: error -5

第1个问题是我把固件放在一个错误的位置。第2个问题可能需要一个更新的固件。

''''结束语：由于USB ADSL猫相对便宜且容易安装，以后应用会越来越多。我希望在以后的Ubuntu释放版本（我安装的是2.6.10版本）中通过默认设置就能完成USB ADSL猫安装的驱动程序数量能有所增加。或者至少安装驱动要变得容易。对一个新手来说没有因特网连接重新编译内核是很困难的事情。另一方面，放置许可固件到合适的位置要变的相对容易，而且能使用户自己在不复杂的情况下完成整个安装。

注释：在linux启动时，固件提供商可能认为你在登入时安装了固件的猫已经连接到网络。如果你必须支付在线时间，你不得不继续研究cxacru的详细内容，使之能够随意登入和登出。

Item 2 - connect the modem to the ethernet 'talk' of Ubuntu

Dutch users (zonnet/versatel/tele2) should check this URL: http://www.dse.nl/~torch/usb_adsl_modem/

Setting up the bridge

The ethernet 'talk' of Linux needs to be bridged to the modem and its connection to the network. If the modem is connected to the provider by the telephone network (using the ADSL-splitter), it probably uses a communication mode called ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode). In my case the drivers (see Item 1 - Step 1) had to be placed in a atm subdirectory. The fact that this subdirectory already exists in Ubuntu is a good sign: the connection to atm modems is already foreseen in Ubuntu.

To start the 'bridge' between the ATM modem and Ubuntu type in a terminal:

sudo modprobe 2684

There are various 'languages' that can be used to communicate through ATM, with names like 'AAL type 5'. Specific AAL5 dialects (encapsulation protocols) exist, such as LLC and VC-MUX.

Remark further that more than one providers work through the same telecom-network, their datastreams are distuinguished by VPI.VCI codes.

The package to moderate the 'bridge' is the br2684ctl package. I couldn't find it in the Ubuntu-archive, but the br2684ctl package from debian works for me (see step 3b in Item 1 about acquiring and installing packages).

My provider:

uses LLC encapsualtion
VPI.VCI code is 0.0.32

The syntax of the command is the following :

br2684ctl [-c n -e 0|1 -b 0|1 -s buf_size -a [itf].vpi.vci ]+

-a [itf].vpi.vci : ATM PVC number, VPI and VCI. Mandatory
-c n : BR2684 interface number such as nas0,
nas1,... Mandatory
-e 0|1 : Encapsulation method. 0=LLC, 1=VC mux.
default is 0, LLC
-b 0|1 : Running background. 1=background,
0=foreground. Default is 0
-s buf_size : send buffer size. Default is 8192.

In my case the interface is created by: br2684ctl -b -e 0 -c 0 -a 0.0.32

Now an interface called nas0 is created. This interface can be pictured as a software version of an ethernetcard in the PC.

Login

Once the bridge is working, you have to login. Again this is provider specific. I have detected three alternative procedures:

DHCP
PPPoA
PPPoE

For DHCP you typically do not have to give a username and password (I guess the provider recognises you through your telephone number). For both PPP procedures you will have to provide your username and pasword.

DHCP

If you use DHCP to login (this is used when you don't have to provide a password for connecting), use the dhcpclient command (in other linux distribution sthis is dhcpcd):

dhclient nas0

It worked for me, although I always get a few warning-messages at the end)

sit0: unknown hardware address type 776
sit0: unknown hardware address type 776
Listening on LPF/nas0/00:d0:41:10:21:dc
Sending on LPF/nas0/00:d0:41:10:21:dc
Sending on Socket/fallback
DHCPREQUEST on nas0 to 255.255.255.255 port 67
DHCPACK from 82.172.112.1
bound to 82.172.112.235 -- renewal in 3125 seconds.

PPPoE and PPPoA

Since I use DHCP, the following is fully untested. For your convenience, I copied this from another website. I gues it will not work for Ubuntu without modifications.

if PPPoA , download from http://accessrunner.sourceforge.net/debian-scripts/

the peers-pppoa and put it in /etc/ppp/peers, edit that file especially the user and the VPC/VCI peers. Add also your login password in the /etc/ppp/pap-secrets /etc/ppp/chap-secrets in the form login * password *

insmod /lib/modules/2.6.10-5-386/kernel/net/atm/pppoatm.ko
pppd call peers-pppoa

if PPPoE Install apt-get install libatm1

also you ll need to download 2 package from the ubuntu

br2684ctl_20040226-1_i386.deb

atm-tools_2.4.1-16_i386.deb ( I m not sure if that one needed)

then install them with the command dpkg -i xxxxxfilexxxxx.deb

download from http://accessrunner.sourceforge.net/debian-scripts/ the peers-pppoe and put it in /etc/ppp/peers, edit that file especially the user. Add also your login password in the /etc/ppp/pap-secrets /etc/ppp/chap-secrets in the form login * password *

after that modify the /etc/network/interfaces and add :

auto nas0 iface nas0 inet static address 192.0.2.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.0.2.255 0x0x gateway 192.0.2.254 pre-up br2684ctl -b -c 0 -a 0.0.100 post-down kill $(cat /var/run/$IFACE.pid) (the 0.0.100 is the form itf.vpi.vci you should set vpi/vci accordingly to what you have see your ISP for this infos.)

Restart the network to get the nas0 match the atm interface

insmod /lib/modules/2.6.10-5-386/kernel/net/atm/br2684.ko /etc/init.d/networking restart

And finally connect

pppd call peers-pppoe

I m sorry it s a bit hard and maybe not well organized but it should give you a better

idea of what you need to do.

Automated bridge and login

With the procedures above the login is manually. If it works the procedure can be automated. Presently I have a small executable text-file on my desktop:

#
sudo modprobe br2684
sudo br2684ctl -b -c 0 -a 0.0.32
sudo dhclient nas0
sleep 5d

If the connection is successfull the terminal window can be closed by typing Ctrl-C.

Note: the provider may assume that you logged in at the moment the firmware on the modem has connected to the network. This happens during linux startup. If you have to pay for the time being online, you have to dive in the details of cxacru to be able to logon and logoff at will.

Actually, the commands modprobe ..., br2684ctl .. and dhclient or ppp... can be executed during linux startup. I haven't tried it (yet), but you can check the site:

http://www.dse.nl/~torch/usb_adsl_modem/cxacru_auto.html

(in Dutch)

<a href="Category:CategoryDocumentation">Category:CategoryDocumentation</a> <a href="Category:CategoryNetworking">Category:CategoryNetworking</a> <a href="Category:CategoryCleanup">Category:CategoryCleanup</a>

@@ 第1行： / 第1行： @@
 This howto will help you to set up a e-tech V2 ADSL USB modem.
-===== Item 1 - drivers for the USB modem =====
+===== 第1部分，USB猫驱动 =====
-====== Step 1: obtain the drivers ======
+====== 步骤1：获得驱动 ======
-A group of people in the sourceforge project is developing drivers for many USB ADSL modems. For my USB DSL modem (e-tech-V2 usb) with the conexant chip I found the following files (http://accessrunner.sourceforge.net/index.shtml):
+在sourceforge 项目中一组人正在为许多USB ADSL猫开发驱动。我的 USB ADSL猫（a－tech－V2 usb）集成conexant芯片，我找到了一些关于它的如下文件(http: //accessrunner.sourceforge.net/index.shtml)<br>
 /drivers/usb/atm/cxacru.c
@@ 第19行： / 第19行： @@
 <br>
-====== Step 2: obtain firmware for the modem ======
+====== 步骤2：获取猫固件 ======
-Most USB modems contain a microprocessor (a 'simple' computer), which is programmable and therefore can do many different things, so it is sold a lot and can be cheap. The above driver (cxacru) will try to 'upload' a small program to the modem, allowing the microprocessor to do the 'modem-work'. This small program (called '''firmware''') is often licensed.
+大多数猫有一个可编程的微处理器（一台“简单的"的电脑），由于能做很多事，因此该处理器销售旺盛且非常便宜。上述驱动将会上载一个允许微处理器具备调制解调功能小程序到猫。这个小程序（叫做'''固件'''）常要求得到许可。
-The drivers (downloaded in Step 1) do not contain theis firmware (otherwise it would be illegal), but you probably got a CD with the modem, which contains many files, in which the firmware is also contained. If you have the modem working for Windows, the firmware is in the Windows partition. So you already have a legal copy of the firmware, the only problem is finding the firmware. The sourceforge site gives you some intsructions. I have found a programm called cxacru-fw.c (I lost the URL name, but you can trace it with Google). After compiling cxacru-fw.c (the URL gives you clear instructions), cxacru-fw can extract the firmware from a file called CnxEtU.sys on the modem CD, or the Windows partition. Make sure that you name the firmware file ''cxacru-fw.bin''
+<br>
-Place the file cxacru-fw.bin in:
+从步骤1下载的驱动不包含这些固件（否则它是非法的），但你可能得到一张包含许多文件的随猫CD，CD中含有该固件。如果你的猫工作在Windows下，固件就会在Windows区。因此你已经有了固件的合法复制品，唯一的问题是找到该固件。sourceforge站点给了你一些提示。我已经找到了一个叫做 cxacru-fw.c（我丢失了URL名，但是你可以通过google搜索到）的程序。在编译cxacru-fw.c（URL给你清晰指示）後，cxacru-fw会从CD上的一个叫做CnxEtU.sys文件中释放固件，或者释放Windows区，务必保证把把固件改名为cxacru- fw.bin，并把cxacru-bin放置在：
+<br>
 /lib/hotplug/firmware
-'''Note:''' this is Ubuntu specific - other Linux distributions use other locations.
+'''''''''注释''':这是Ubuntu指定的，其它Linux释放版本用其它位置。''
-'''Note 2:''' the file cxacru-fw.bin is licensed, do not redistribute it.
+'''''''''注释2'''：文件cxacru-fw.bin是被许可的，勿重新分配。''
+<br>
+====== 步骤3：重新编译linux-kernel ======
-====== Step 3: recompile the linux-kernel ======
+(不幸的是，若没有因特网连接该工作将很难进行）
-(unfortunately this is difficult without an internet connection)
+'''步骤 3a：'''在ubuntuforums.org上有一篇关于“新手内核编译“如何操作的文章。在重新编译内核时，你必须完成该文中提到的所有必要步骤。该文章的目的是通过重新编译内核使显卡工作，因此有许多可选步骤可以省略。
-'''Step 3a:''' There is a HOWTO "Kernel Compilation for Newbies" at ubuntuforums.org. You need to do all obligatory steps mentioned there to recompile the kernel. The HOWTO aims at recompilation of the kernel to get a video card working, so a number of optional steps can be skipped.
+然而，该文假设Ubuntu工作在有因特网连接的环境中。
-However, the HOWTO assumes Ubuntu has a working internet connection.
+<br>
+'''步骤3b'''：这就意味着你不能安装重新编译内核所需的所有包。你需要的文件一些在http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/上
+其中一个你需要的包是libncurses5-dev，一种找到该文件地址的方法如下：进入 http://ftp.se.kde.org/ftpsearch.html，搜索libncurses5-dev，现在你会在Debian FTP－文档中得到一些该位置的信息。Ubuntu文档和Debian是一样的结构，因此你可以在ubuntu文档的相同位置找到libncurses5 -dev。
-'''Step 3b:''' This means that you cannot install all the packages you need to recompile the kernel. The files you need are somewhere in http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/
+<br>
-One of the packages you need is libncurses5-dev A trick to find the location is as follows: goto http://ftp.se.kde.org/ftpsearch.html Search for libncurses5-dev Now you get a reference to a location in the Debian FTP-archive. The Ubuntu archive has the same structure, so you can find libncurses5-dev in a similar location in the ubuntu archive.
+通过这种方式下载的包会有一个扩展的.deb。该.deb可以通过下面命令手动安装：
-The packages downloaded this way wil have the extension .deb. They can be installed manually through the command:
 <pre>dpkg -i (package.deb)
 </pre>
-To get a feeling for how to use this workaround, read the section 'compile from a vanila kernel' in HOWTO "Kernel Compilation for Newbies"
+通过阅读vanila内核“新手内核编译“如何操作的编译部分，你能获得更多怎样利用这种变通方法的知识。
-'''Step 3c:''' If you finished step 3 HOWTO "Kernel Compilation for Newbies" (congratulations if you got here), first exit menuconfig.
+''''''
-Look for the place where usb_atm.c is in the source tree. This is provbably /usr/src/linux/drivers/usb/atm/usb_atm.c Here, rename the files usb_atm.c, usb_atm.h, Kbuild and Kconfig (add something like .old). Copy the new drivers to this location:
+'''步骤3c：'''如果你完成步骤3“新手内核编译”如何操作（祝贺你已经到了这一步），首先退出配置菜单，查找usb_atm.c在原树中的位置。该位置很有可能在/usr/src/linux/drivers/usb/atm/usb_atm.c，在这里，重命名文件usb_atm.c，usb_atm.h， Kbuild和Kconfig（加了一些如.old的东西），复制新驱动到如下位置：
+<br>
 /drivers/usb/atm/cxacru.c
@@ 第72行： / 第76行： @@
 /drivers/usb/atm/usbatm.h
-I renamed usbatm.c and usbatm.h to usb_atm.c and usb_atm.h, but I am not sure whether this is necessary.
+我把usbatm.c和usbatm.h重命名成usb_atm.c和usb_atm.h，但不能确认该操作是否有必要。
-Now, type again
+现在，再次输入：
 <pre>sudo make menuconfig
 </pre>
-Now, in the submenu drivers-usb-atm I selected cxacru (the new driver!) and typed m (maybe * will do, I am not sure). Exit menuconfig and compile the kernel.
+现在，在子菜单driers-usb-atm我选择了cxacru（新驱动），而后输入m（可能＊也行，我不确定）。退出配置菜单并编译内核。
-'''Step 3d (optional):''' Everything should go well, but it did not in my case. I got the error-message:
+'''''''''步骤3d（可选）：'''一切应该顺利，但在我的操作中并非如此，我得到一条错误信息：
 <pre>Inconsistent kallsyms data
 Try setting CONFIG_KALLSYMS_EXTRA_PASS
 make: *** [vmlinux] Fout 1
 </pre>
-I don't know how to set CONFIG_KALLSYMS_EXTRA_PASS, so I did a bad thing, namely edit the Makefile. I looked for the place in Makefile that checks the parameter CONFIG_KALLSYMS_EXTRA_PASS, and changed the IF statement such that it acts as if CONFIG_KALLSYMS_EXTRA_PASS is true. This worked. (I hope somebody edits this, and explains how to do this nicely)
+我不知道如何设置CONFIG_KALLSYMS_EXTRA_PASS，因此我做了一件错误的事，按名编辑Makefile，查找 CONFIG_KALLSYMS_EXTRA_PASS在Makefile中的位置，且核对其参数，然后改变IF声明使它在 CONFIG_KALLSYMS_EXTRA_PASS为真时执行。这种方法是有用的（我希望有人编辑过这个，且能解释怎样漂亮地完成编辑）
-'''Step 3e (optional):''' Further in the proces I got the error message:
+'''''''''步骤3e（可选）：'''在安装过程中我再一次得到错误信息：
 <pre>dpkg-gencontrol: error: package kernel-image-2.6.12-accessrunner not in control info
 make[1]: *** [real_stamp_image] Fout 255
@@ 第92行： / 第96行： @@
 make: *** [kernel-image-deb] Fout 2
 </pre>
-Here also I did a probably bad thing: I added something like this to debian/control
+在这里，我也可能做了一件错误的事情，加了一些如下的东西到debian/control
 <pre>Package: kernel-image-2.6.12-accessrunner
 Architecture: all
@@ 第101行： / 第105行： @@
 Description: Linux kernel image
 </pre>
-I had to do this for two packages. (I hope somebody edits this, and explains how to do this nicely)
+因为有两个包，我不得不这样做，（我希望有人编辑过这个，且能解释怎样漂亮地完成编辑）
-'''Step 3f:''' Eventually you have new kernel packages. If you couldn't do it, send me a line at [email protected], and I will e-mail the two package files (25 MB)
-'''Step 4:''' Install the kernel-packages (see the HOWTO "Kernel Compilation for Newbies"). If you restart the computer, GRUB will give you the option to start the new kernel. After starting the new kernel and loggin in, check in Applications - System tools - System log. If everything went well you can see that the USB modem is detected and cxacru is activated. You also see messages from CXacru in /var/log/messages:
-If everything went well you see
+'''''''''步骤3f：'''最终你会有新的内核包。如果你不能完成上述过程，通过[email protected]给我发信息，我会用email传给你两个包文件（25MB）
+'''''''''步骤4：'''安装内核包（查看“新手内核编译”如何操作一文）<br>如果你重启系统，GRUB将会给你一个启动新内核的选项。在启动新内核并登录后，核对应用程序，系统工具，系统日志。如果一切运行正常，你将会看到，USB 猫将被检测到，且cxacru已经被激活。你也会看到来在CXacru in /var/log/messages（如果你看到的一切运行正常的）的消息：
 <pre>localhost kernel [4294759.585000] cxacru 1-1:1.0: ADSL line: training
 localhost kernel [4294764.599000] cxacru 1-1:1.0: ADSL line: channel analysis
 localhost kernel [4294769.585000] cxacru 1-1:1.0: ADSL line: up (384 Kib/s down | 128 Kib/s up)
 </pre>
-'''Step 4a (optional):''' Initially I got errors:
+''''''
+'''步骤 4a（可选）：'''起初我得到一些错误提示：
 <pre>localhost kernel [4300944.253000] cxacru 1-1:1.0: firmware unavailable (hotplug configuration problem?)
 localhost kernel [4295543.593000] cxacru 1-1:1.0: poll status: error -5
 </pre>
-The 1. problem was I put the firmware in a wrong location. The 2. problem may require newer firmware.
+第1个问题是我把固件放在一个错误的位置。第2个问题可能需要一个更新的固件。
-'''Closing remark:''' Since USB ADSL modems are relatively cheap and easy to install, they will be used more and more. I hope that in future releases of Ubuntu (I installed version 2.6.10) the number of USB ADSL modems drivers in the 'default' setup will be increased, or at least that it will be easier to install the drivers. Recompiling the kernel without internet-connection is very difficult for a newby. On the other hand, placing the licensed firmware in the suitable location is relatively easy and can be done without complications by the user him- or herself.
+'''''''''结束语：'''由于USB ADSL猫相对便宜且容易安装，以后应用会越来越多。我希望在以后的Ubuntu释放版本（我安装的是2.6.10版本）中通过默认设置就能完成USB ADSL猫安装的驱动程序数量能有所增加。或者至少安装驱动要变得容易。对一个新手来说没有因特网连接重新编译内核是很困难的事情。另一方面，放置许可固件到合适的位置要变的相对容易，而且能使用户自己在不复杂的情况下完成整个安装。
 <br>
-'''Note: the provider may assume that you logged in at the moment the firmware on the modem has connected to the network. This happens during linux startup. If you have to pay for the time being online, you have to dive in the details of cxacru to be able to logon and logoff at will.'''
+'''注释：在linux启动时，固件提供商可能认为你在登入时安装了固件的猫已经连接到网络。如果你必须支付在线时间，你不得不继续研究cxacru的详细内容，使之能够随意登入和登出。'''
+<br>
 <br>