模板:Ubuntu:Feisty/UbuntuUpdates

Ubuntu Updates

Apt, Software and Package Basics

• Read #General Notes
• Read #How to add extra repositories

Here is some basic information on how to use the Apt package management tools.

• Installing packages

sudo aptitude install <packagename>

Examples:

sudo aptitude install mpd sbackup

• Removing packages

sudo aptitude remove <packagename>

Examples:

sudo aptitude remove mpd sbackup

• Searching for packages

sudo aptitude search <keywords>

Examples:

sudo aptitude search Music MP3
sudo aptitude search "Text Editor"

• Updating Apt database (used after adding/removing Apt repositories)

sudo aptitude update

• Upgrading packages

sudo aptitude upgrade

• Upgrade entire distribution

sudo aptitude dist-upgrade

• Install downloaded Ubuntu (Debian) package (.deb)

sudo dpkg -i package.deb

• Remove Ubuntu (Debian) package

sudo dpkg -r package

• Reconfigure/Repair installed package

sudo dpkg-reconfigure package

Examples:

sudo dpkg-reconfigure mpd

• Handling ".tar.gz" (Tar/GZip) Archives

To extract:

tar xvzf package.tar.gz

To create:

tar cvfz package.tar.gz folder

• Handling ".tar.bz" (Tar/BZip) Archives

To extract:

tar xvjf package.tar.bz

To create:

tar cvjf package.tar.bz folder

• Extracting ".bz" Archives

bunzip2 file.bz

• Extracting ".gz" Archives

gunzip file.gz

• Building from Source

Make sure you have all the neccesary development tools (i.e. libraries, compilers, headers)

sudo aptitude install build-essential
sudo aptitude install linux-headers-`uname -r`

Extract your package (as detailed above)

tar xvzf package.tar.gz

Commence the build process

cd /path/to/extracted/package
./configure
make
make install

If build is successful, consider making an Ubuntu (Debian) package (.deb) for future use:

Install package tools:

sudo aptitude install checkinstall

Rebuild package using "checkinstall":

cd /path/to/extracted/package
./configure
make
checkinstall

Keep the resulting ".deb" file for future use. It can be installed using:

sudo dpkg -i package.deb

Note: These are basic instructions that may not always work. Some packages require additional dependencies and optional parameters to be specified in order to build them successfully.

手动更新 Ubuntu

• 阅读 #概述
• 阅读 #如何添加额外的软件源

sudo aptitude update
sudo aptitude upgrade
sudo aptitude dist-upgrade

或者

用更新管理器： 系统 -> 系统管理 -> 更新管理器