用户:Jinzd

Contributes

Sudo, upading based on others.

bash

Bash Reference Manual

Bash Reference Manual

Bash Reference Manual/zh

Ubuntu/Web Servers

Ubuntu

sudo

以其他用户身份执行一个命令.

用法：

sudo -h | -K | -V

sudo -v [-Akns] [-g group] [-h host] [-p prompt] [-u user]

sudo -l [-Akns] [-g group] [-h host] [-p prompt] [-U user] [-u user] [command]

sudo [-AbEHknPS] [-r role] [-t type] [-C num] [-g group] [-h host] [p prompt] [-u user] [VAR=value] [-i|-s] [<command>]

sudo -e [-Akns] [-r role] [-t type] [-C num] [-g group] [-h host] [-p prompt] [-u user] file ...

Options:

-A, --askpass	使用一个辅助程序以提示密码。
-b, --background	在后台运行命令。
-C, --close-from=num	关闭所有大于等于num的文件描述。
-E, --preserve-env	运行命令时保存用户环境。
-e, --edit	编辑文件而非运行一个命令。
-g, --group=group	以指定的组名或组ID运行一个命令。
-H, --set-home	设置 HOME 变量以指向用户的 HOME 目录。
-h, --help	显示帮助信息并且退出。
-h, --host=host	在主机上运行命令（如果插件支持）。
-i, --login	以目标用户运行登录shell；也可以指定一个命令。
-K, --remove-timestamp	完全删除时间戳文件。
-k, --reset-timestamp	失效时间戳文件。
-l, --list	列出用户特权或检查一个特定的命令；长格式使用两次。
-n, -- non-interactive	非交互方式，无提示被使用。
-P, --preserve-groups	保存组向量而非设置指定的目标。
-P, --prompt=prompt	使用指定的密码提示。
-r, --role=role	用指定的角色创建SELinux安全上下文。
-S, --stdin	从变准输入读取密码。
-s, --shell	以目标用户运行 shell；也可以指定一个命令。
-t, --type=type	使用指定的类型创建 SELinux 安全上下文。
-U, --other-user=user	在列表模式中，显示用户特权。
-u, --user=user	以指定的用户或用户ID运行命令（或编辑文件）。
-V, --version	显示版本信息并且退出。
-v, --validate	更新用户的时间戳而不运行一个命令。
--	停止处理命令行参数。

ifconfig

用法：

ifconfig [-a] [-v] [-s] <interface> [[<AF>] <address>]

[add <address>[/<prefixlen>]]

[del <address>[/<prefixlen>]]

[[-]broadcast [<address>]] [[-]pointopoint [<address>]]

[netmask <address>] [dstaddr <address>] [tunnel <address>]

[outfill <NN>] [keepalive <NN>]

[hw <HW> <address>] [metric <NN>] [mtu <NN>]

[[-]trailers] [[-]arp] [[-]allmulti]

[multicast] [[-]promisc]

[mem_start <NN>] [io_addr <NN>] [irq <NN>] [media <type>]

[txqueuelen <NN>]

[[-]dynamic]

[up|down] ...

<HW>=硬件类型。

列表可能的硬件类型：

loop (Local Loopback) slip (Serial Line IP) cslip (VJ Serial Line IP)

slip6 (6-bit Serial Line IP) cslip6 (VJ 6-bit Serial Line IP) adaptive (Adaptive Serial Line IP)

ash (Ash) ether (Ethernet) ax25 (AMPR AX.25)

netrom (AMPR NET/ROM) rose (AMPR ROSE) tunnel (IPIP Tunnel)

ppp (Point-to-Point Protocol) hdlc ((Cisco)-HDLC) lapb (LAPB)

arcnet (ARCnet) dlci (Frame Relay DLCI) frad (Frame Relay Access Device)

sit (IPv6-in-IPv4) fddi (Fiber Distributed Data Interface) hippi (HIPPI)

irda (IrLAP) ec (Econet) x25 (generic X.25)

eui64 (Generic EUI-64)

<AF>=Address family. Default: inet

List of possible address families:

unix (UNIX Domain) inet (DARPA Internet) inet6 (IPv6)

ax25 (AMPR AX.25) netrom (AMPR NET/ROM) rose (AMPR ROSE)

ipx (Novell IPX) ddp (Appletalk DDP) ec (Econet)

ash (Ash) x25 (CCITT X.25)

C++

g++

用法：g++ [选项] file...

选项：

-pass-exit-codes	Exit with highest error code from a phase
--help	Display this information
--target-help	Display target specific command line options

               --help={common|optimizers|params|target|warnings|[^]{joined|separate|undocumented}}[,...]
                          Display specific types of command line options
 (Use '-v --help' to display command line options of sub-processes)
 --version                Display compiler version information
 -dumpspecs               Display all of the built in spec strings
 -dumpversion             Display the version of the compiler
 -dumpmachine             Display the compiler's target processor
 -print-search-dirs       Display the directories in the compiler's search path
 -print-libgcc-file-name  Display the name of the compiler's companion library
 -print-file-name=<lib>   Display the full path to library <lib>
 -print-prog-name=<prog>  Display the full path to compiler component <prog>
 -print-multiarch         Display the target's normalized GNU triplet, used as
                          a component in the library path
 -print-multi-directory   Display the root directory for versions of libgcc
 -print-multi-lib         Display the mapping between command line options and
                          multiple library search directories
 -print-multi-os-directory Display the relative path to OS libraries
 -print-sysroot           Display the target libraries directory
 -print-sysroot-headers-suffix Display the sysroot suffix used to find headers
 -Wa,<options>            Pass comma-separated <options> on to the assembler
 -Wp,<options>            Pass comma-separated <options> on to the preprocessor
 -Wl,<options>            Pass comma-separated <options> on to the linker
 -Xassembler <arg>        Pass <arg> on to the assembler
 -Xpreprocessor <arg>     Pass <arg> on to the preprocessor
 -Xlinker <arg>           Pass <arg> on to the linker
 -save-temps              Do not delete intermediate files
 -save-temps=<arg>        Do not delete intermediate files
 -no-canonical-prefixes   Do not canonicalize paths when building relative
                          prefixes to other gcc components
 -pipe                    Use pipes rather than intermediate files
 -time                    Time the execution of each subprocess
 -specs=<file>            Override built-in specs with the contents of <file>
 -std=<standard>          Assume that the input sources are for <standard>
 --sysroot=<directory>    Use <directory> as the root directory for headers
                          and libraries
 -B <directory>           Add <directory> to the compiler's search paths
 -v                       Display the programs invoked by the compiler
 -###                     Like -v but options quoted and commands not executed
 -E                       Preprocess only; do not compile, assemble or link
 -S                       Compile only; do not assemble or link
 -c                       Compile and assemble, but do not link
 -o <file>                Place the output into <file>
 -pie                     Create a position independent executable
 -shared                  Create a shared library
 -x <language>            Specify the language of the following input files
                          Permissible languages include: c c++ assembler none
                          'none' means revert to the default behavior of
                          guessing the language based on the file's extension

Options starting with -g, -f, -m, -O, -W, or --param are automatically

passed on to the various sub-processes invoked by g++.  In order to pass
other options on to these processes the -W<letter> options must be used.

For bug reporting instructions, please see: <file:///usr/share/doc/gcc-5/README.Bugs>.

Eclipse

During eclipse installing, if error occured type following command to fix the error.

sudo apt-get install eclipse --fix-missing