Python 官方简明教程

Python是一个简单易学、功能强大的编程语言。它拥有高效的高层次数据结构和简洁有效的面向对象程序设计支持。Python的优美语法和动态类型，与其解释执行的本性一起，使之成为了一个能在大多数平台和众多领域中编写脚本和快速程序开发的理想语言。

在Python的官方网站 http://www.python.org/ ，可以自由获取所有主流平台上的Python解释器和丰富的标准库的代码和二进制文件，而且可以自由分发。这个网站也提供许多第三方Python模块、程序和附加文档，或者包含指向其的链接。

很容易使用C或C++（或其他可从C语言调用的语言）来扩展Python解释器的函数和数据类型。Python也适合于作为可定制应用程序的扩展语言。

本教程向读者非正式地介绍Python语言的基本概念和特性。本教程将让您可随时动手使用Python解释器。所有的例子都是独立的，所以本教程也可以从任意章节开始阅读。

关于标准对像和模块的说明，请参考《Python标准库》。《Python语言参考》对Python语言给出了更正式的定义。要使用C或C++编写扩展，请参考《扩展和嵌入Python解释器》以及《Python/C API参考手册》。也有一些书籍详细讲解了Python。

本教程不准备全面详尽地介绍Python的每一特性，甚或每一常用特性。本教程介绍Python中一些最值得注意的特性，描绘Python语言的特色和风格。阅读本教程之后，您将可以读懂和编写Python模块和程序，在此基础上，您将可以在《Python标准库》中学习更多的关于各个Python模块的内容。

词汇表也是值得浏览的。

目录

（已翻译的中文条目带有本站Wiki链接页面） 1. 能令您兴趣盎然的Python 2. 使用Python解释器（已翻译完，尚未校对） 2.1. Invoking the Interpreter 2.1.1. Argument Passing 2.1.2. Interactive Mode 2.2. The Interpreter and Its Environment 2.2.1. Error Handling 2.2.2. Executable Python Scripts 2.2.3. Source Code Encoding 2.2.4. The Interactive Startup File 3. 非正式地介绍Python（已翻译完毕，正在校对） 3.1. Using Python as a Calculator 3.1.1. Numbers 3.1.2. Strings 3.1.3. About Unicode 3.1.4. Lists 3.2. First Steps Towards Programming 4. More Control Flow Tools（正在翻译） 4.1. if Statements 4.2. for Statements 4.3. The range() Function 4.4. break and continue Statements, and else Clauses on Loops 4.5. pass Statements 4.6. Defining Functions 4.7. More on Defining Functions 4.7.1. Default Argument Values 4.7.2. Keyword Arguments 4.7.3. Arbitrary Argument Lists 4.7.4. Unpacking Argument Lists 4.7.5. Lambda Forms 4.7.6. Documentation Strings 4.8. Intermezzo: Coding Style 5. Data Structures（未翻译） 5.1. More on Lists 5.1.1. Using Lists as Stacks 5.1.2. Using Lists as Queues 5.1.3. List Comprehensions 5.1.4. Nested List Comprehensions 5.2. The del statement 5.3. Tuples and Sequences 5.4. Sets 5.5. Dictionaries 5.6. Looping Techniques 5.7. More on Conditions 5.8. Comparing Sequences and Other Types 6. Modules 6.1. More on Modules 6.1.1. Executing modules as scripts 6.1.2. The Module Search Path 6.1.3. “Compiled” Python files 6.2. Standard Modules 6.3. The dir() Function 6.4. Packages 6.4.1. Importing * From a Package 6.4.2. Intra-package References 6.4.3. Packages in Multiple Directories 7. Input and Output 7.1. Fancier Output Formatting 7.1.1. Old string formatting 7.2. Reading and Writing Files 7.2.1. Methods of File Objects 7.2.2. The pickle Module 8. Errors and Exceptions 8.1. Syntax Errors 8.2. Exceptions 8.3. Handling Exceptions 8.4. Raising Exceptions 8.5. User-defined Exceptions 8.6. Defining Clean-up Actions 8.7. Predefined Clean-up Actions 9. Classes 9.1. A Word About Names and Objects 9.2. Python Scopes and Namespaces 9.2.1. Scopes and Namespaces Example 9.3. A First Look at Classes 9.3.1. Class Definition Syntax 9.3.2. Class Objects 9.3.3. Instance Objects 9.3.4. Method Objects 9.4. Random Remarks 9.5. Inheritance 9.5.1. Multiple Inheritance 9.6. Private Variables 9.7. Odds and Ends 9.8. Exceptions Are Classes Too 9.9. Iterators 9.10. Generators 9.11. Generator Expressions 10. Brief Tour of the Standard Library 10.1. Operating System Interface 10.2. File Wildcards 10.3. Command Line Arguments 10.4. Error Output Redirection and Program Termination 10.5. String Pattern Matching 10.6. Mathematics 10.7. Internet Access 10.8. Dates and Times 10.9. Data Compression 10.10. Performance Measurement 10.11. Quality Control 10.12. Batteries Included 11. Brief Tour of the Standard Library – Part II 11.1. Output Formatting 11.2. Templating 11.3. Working with Binary Data Record Layouts 11.4. Multi-threading 11.5. Logging 11.6. Weak References 11.7. Tools for Working with Lists 11.8. Decimal Floating Point Arithmetic 12. What Now? 13. Interactive Input Editing and History Substitution 13.1. Line Editing 13.2. History Substitution 13.3. Key Bindings 13.4. Alternatives to the Interactive Interpreter 14. Floating Point Arithmetic: Issues and Limitations 14.1. Representation Error

（对照Python官方网站英文目录页面） 1. Whetting Your Appetite 2. Using the Python Interpreter 2.1. Invoking the Interpreter 2.1.1. Argument Passing 2.1.2. Interactive Mode 2.2. The Interpreter and Its Environment 2.2.1. Error Handling 2.2.2. Executable Python Scripts 2.2.3. Source Code Encoding 2.2.4. The Interactive Startup File 3. An Informal Introduction to Python 3.1. Using Python as a Calculator 3.1.1. Numbers 3.1.2. Strings 3.1.3. About Unicode 3.1.4. Lists 3.2. First Steps Towards Programming 4. More Control Flow Tools 4.1. if Statements 4.2. for Statements 4.3. The range() Function 4.4. break and continue Statements, and else Clauses on Loops 4.5. pass Statements 4.6. Defining Functions 4.7. More on Defining Functions 4.7.1. Default Argument Values 4.7.2. Keyword Arguments 4.7.3. Arbitrary Argument Lists 4.7.4. Unpacking Argument Lists 4.7.5. Lambda Forms 4.7.6. Documentation Strings 4.8. Intermezzo: Coding Style 5. Data Structures 5.1. More on Lists 5.1.1. Using Lists as Stacks 5.1.2. Using Lists as Queues 5.1.3. List Comprehensions 5.1.4. Nested List Comprehensions 5.2. The del statement 5.3. Tuples and Sequences 5.4. Sets 5.5. Dictionaries 5.6. Looping Techniques 5.7. More on Conditions 5.8. Comparing Sequences and Other Types 6. Modules 6.1. More on Modules 6.1.1. Executing modules as scripts 6.1.2. The Module Search Path 6.1.3. “Compiled” Python files 6.2. Standard Modules 6.3. The dir() Function 6.4. Packages 6.4.1. Importing * From a Package 6.4.2. Intra-package References 6.4.3. Packages in Multiple Directories 7. Input and Output 7.1. Fancier Output Formatting 7.1.1. Old string formatting 7.2. Reading and Writing Files 7.2.1. Methods of File Objects 7.2.2. The pickle Module 8. Errors and Exceptions 8.1. Syntax Errors 8.2. Exceptions 8.3. Handling Exceptions 8.4. Raising Exceptions 8.5. User-defined Exceptions 8.6. Defining Clean-up Actions 8.7. Predefined Clean-up Actions 9. Classes 9.1. A Word About Names and Objects 9.2. Python Scopes and Namespaces 9.2.1. Scopes and Namespaces Example 9.3. A First Look at Classes 9.3.1. Class Definition Syntax 9.3.2. Class Objects 9.3.3. Instance Objects 9.3.4. Method Objects 9.4. Random Remarks 9.5. Inheritance 9.5.1. Multiple Inheritance 9.6. Private Variables 9.7. Odds and Ends 9.8. Exceptions Are Classes Too 9.9. Iterators 9.10. Generators 9.11. Generator Expressions 10. Brief Tour of the Standard Library 10.1. Operating System Interface 10.2. File Wildcards 10.3. Command Line Arguments 10.4. Error Output Redirection and Program Termination 10.5. String Pattern Matching 10.6. Mathematics 10.7. Internet Access 10.8. Dates and Times 10.9. Data Compression 10.10. Performance Measurement 10.11. Quality Control 10.12. Batteries Included 11. Brief Tour of the Standard Library – Part II 11.1. Output Formatting 11.2. Templating 11.3. Working with Binary Data Record Layouts 11.4. Multi-threading 11.5. Logging 11.6. Weak References 11.7. Tools for Working with Lists 11.8. Decimal Floating Point Arithmetic 12. What Now? 13. Interactive Input Editing and History Substitution 13.1. Line Editing 13.2. History Substitution 13.3. Key Bindings 13.4. Alternatives to the Interactive Interpreter 14. Floating Point Arithmetic: Issues and Limitations 14.1. Representation Error

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