“UbuntuHelp:PortableDevices/iPhone”的版本间的差异

2008年10月19日 (日) 16:52的版本

文章出处:

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/PortableDevices/iPhone

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title Using an iPhone or iPod Touch with Ubuntu

Syncing Music

Amarok and gtkpod can wirelessly sync music with iPod Touch and iPhone, including adding, editing and playing songs and playlists. This guide requires Ubuntu 7.10 or 8.04. Please note: iPhone/iPod Touch firmwares 2.0 and above cannot currently be synced. See troubleshooting for more info. Warning: While this guide works fine for most users, making unsupported changes to your iPhone or iPod Touch is done at your own risk and could result in data loss and possibly void your warranty. Follow this guide with care.

Set up the iPhone or iPod

On your iPhone or iPod Touch: Your iPhone or iPod Touch must be "jailbroken" so you can run Installer. Follow these instructions on jailbreaking to properly jailbreak. Note that you might need a Mac or Windows to do this.

Click Settings → General and set Auto-lock to Never. This will ensure the iPhone keeps the WiFi connection open.
Click Settings → WiFi and select your WiFi network. Click the Static button and change the IP Address to an address that's outside the dynamically assigned range of your network. This will ensure your iPhone is always contactable at the same address for syncing.
Open Installer.
Click All Packages → BSD Subsystem → Install
Click on All Packages → OpenSSH → Install.

Set up Ubuntu

A third party source provides the ipod-convenience package needed to properly mount and unmount an iPhone or iPod Touch, and for gtkpod users, a newer gtkpod is required for the iPhone and iPod Touch.

Extra steps for versions pre-8.04:

Click System → Administration → Synaptic Package Manager. Once Synaptic starts, click Settings → Repositories → Third Party Software. Click Add and use deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/ipod-touch/ubuntu gutsy main as the APT line. (this source should have a key file to avoid the prompt to install without authentication).
Click Reload

Before installing newer packages, make sure to first uninstall libgpod.
Install the ipod-convenience package, as well as either amarok or gtkpod (or both if you like). When asked, enter the IP address of your iPod Touch or iPhone that you selected earlier. When asked for a folder to mount your iPod Touch or iPhone, either leave the default of /media/ipod or another folder if you prefer - just remember to use that folder name for rest of this guide. The package will make the folder for you.
Plug in your iPod Touch or iPhone via USB. This is REQUIRED when you run the next steps for the first time, as the USB connection is used to generate a hash required by the iTunes Database (if this fails to generate properly, see the troubleshooting section below). An added benefit is this also makes sure that your device won't turn the wifi into low power mode, breaking the transfer connection.
When done, click Applications → Accessories → Terminal. To mount your device, run:
```
$ iphone-mount
or
$ ipod-touch-mount
```
When prompted, enter your iPhone or iPod Touch's root password - by default, dottie in firmware 1.0 and alpine in 1.1, 1.2, 1.3 and 1.4.
Unmount your device, by running:
```
$ iphone-umount
or
$ ipod-touch-umount
```

Amarok

Click Applications → Sound and Video → Amarok

When you first open up Amarok:

Click Settings → Configure Amarok.
Choose Media Devices.
Hit Add Device.
Select Apple iPod Media Device for the plugin type.
Point it at your mount point, the default being /media/ipod unless you chose another one when setting up ipod-convenience.
Back in the main app, click the blue cog icon called Configure Device just above the iPhone or iPod Touch. For Pre-Connect Command, add iphone-mount (or ipod-touch-mount), for the Post-Disconnect Command, add iphone-umount (or ipod-touch-umount)
In Devices, click Connect. After entering your password, your iPhone or iPod touch should now appear in Amarok.
Once connected, click on the double arrows on the right hand side of the Connect, Disconnect, and Transfer buttons. A list of options opens up, one of which is iPod. Choose iPod → Set iPod Model → Mobile Phones → iPhone (or your specific iPod Touch model).

gtkpod

Check the version of gtkpod Help → About. If you are using version 0.99.10, your database will be corrupted upon writing to it. The solution is to get ahold of version 0.99.12+, either by compiling it from gtkpod.org, or by fetching the package from the Hardy universe repositories. Note that if you are running Hardy, you will most likely be using that 0.99.12 package. On a more comforting note, the database corruption from 0.99.10 can be fixed by rewriting it with 0.9.12.
Click Applications → Sound and Video → gtkpod
When you first open gtkpod you may receive some errors. Simply click OK to proceed. Your iPhone or iPod Touch should now appear in gtkpod. If it doesn't, you can manually add it's mount point in the options dialog.
Right-click on the iPhone or iPod, and choose Edit iPod properties (or choose Edit > Edit repositories/iPod options) and change the iPod model to reflect your iPhone or iPod Touch.

Simply add music to the iPhone or iPod Touch like you would any other iPod and Save Changes when done.

Passwordless Access

In order for programs like Amarok to connect to your iPhone via SSH without asking for a password, you can set up key based logins. You can skip this step if you're happy mounting it manually from a terminal, typing your password each time.

Make a private and a public key. We'll specify a different identity than the default, so it won't conflict with any existing keys you have. Run the following command in a terminal:

$ ssh-keygen -t rsa -f ~/.ssh/iphone_identity -N ""

This will create a directory called .ssh in your home directory, and place three files in there: iphone_identity, iphone_identity.pub, and known_hosts. iphone_identy is your private keyfile, and iphone_identity.pub is your public one. You want your device to have the public key so you can authenticate towards it with your private one.

Install your public key to the device. If it asks if you want to accept the untrusted device as a trusted host, do so.

$ ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/iphone_identity.pub root@<device ip>

Log into your iPhone again.

$ ssh root@<device ip>

If it at this point asks for your password, that means the server installed on the device has not yet been configured to accept keys as a method of authorization. Ergo, you are not using "Ste's OpenSSH package", which will be mentioned later in this wiki. For the time being, the default password for 1.1.0 phones is 'dottie', and 'alpine' for 1.1.1 and 1.1.2 phones.

Change the password. This is important for security. You will eventually be logging in via your key anyway, but make it something you'll remember.

$ passwd

NOTE: On firmware 1.1.3, BSD Subsystem maintainers highly recommend against using the "passwd" command until a stability bug is fixed. Until then, you can use this command, and replace the output password hashes for the users 'root' and 'mobile' in /etc/master.passwd on your device.

$ perl -e 'print crypt("yourpasswordhere", "/s");'

The following steps do NOT apply to Ste's OpenSSH package, which is probably the most common one now. In order to get passwordless login working with Ste's package, rename your ~/.ssh/authorized_keys file on your device to ~/.ssh/authorized_keys2 and proceed straight to adjusting the permissions as described below ("if all else fails"). Full instructions can be found here: [[1]] If you are not using said package on your device, follow these instructions to enable the public key authorization method.

Edit /etc/sshd_config:

$ pico /etc/sshd_config

Scroll down to the segment beginning with '#RSAAuthentication', and set it up as follows:

RSAAuthentication yes
PubkeyAuthentication yes
AuthorizedKeysFile .ssh/authorized_keys

Remove any commenting hashmarks (#) prepended to the beginning of these three lines.

Hit Ctrl+X to exit, and save your changes.
At this point you should be finished. Reboot your device.

$ reboot

Give it some time to start up, then try logging back in. This time, it should automatically authenticate using your private key.

$ ssh -i ~/.ssh/iphone_identity root@<device ip>

To make the process even simpler, add these lines to your ~/.ssh/config file on your computer.

Host iphone
  HostName <device ip>
  User root
  IdentityFile ~/.ssh/iphone_identity

Now you should be able to login with this simple command:

$ ssh iphone

If all else fails

If you're still asked for a password:

Check your local ~/.ssh/iphone_identity.pub file and compare it with the ~/.ssh/authenticated_keys file on your device. Does any entry match? If not, try the ssh-copy-id command again. Alternatively, just copy the contents of your iphone_identity.pub file and paste it on a line of its own in authenticated_keys. Entries must be one line only.
Did you properly input and save the changes to /etc/sshd_conf?
Did you reboot the device after changing /etc/sshd_conf?
If you used a tool other than ssh-copy-id, check the permissions for your SSH files. If you type the following command, it should look like this:

# ls -al ~/.ssh
total 4
drwxr-xr-x 2 root wheel 102 Nov 21 04:25 .
drwxr-xr-x 6 root wheel 306 Nov 20 00:02 ..
-rw-r--r-- 1 root wheel 395 Nov 20 03:01 authorized_keys

Try resetting the permissions on the iPod or iPhone's SSH files manually:

chmod 755 /var/root
chmod 700 /var/root/.ssh
chmod 644 /var/root/.ssh/authorized_keys

For more debugging, you can get verbose output from ssh:

$ ssh -vvv iphone

You can also turn on syslog on the device to have it log any error messages that the SSH server might output.

$ ssh iphone
Password:
$ echo "*.* /var/log/syslog" > /etc/syslog.conf
$ killall syslogd
$ /usr/sbin/syslogd -bsd_out 1
$ tail -f /var/log/syslog

Retrieving and setting the Firewire GUID (FirewireGuid)

When you issue iphone-mount or ipod-touch-mount for the first time, the program silently attempts to generate this value using a USB connection. If you have never connected your device via USB before and try to mount it via WiFi for the first time, this step is missed and you end up with a database that your device refuses to read. This is (in nearly all cases) because the Firewire GUID (FirewireGuid) that the iPhone/iPod Touch specifically use to hash their database is either missing or invalid. To fix this manually:

Plug your iPhone/iPod device into your Ubuntu machine via USB
In Ubuntu, run Applications → Accessories → Terminal
Issue iphone-mount or ipod-touch-mount (depending on your device) in the terminal
Path to /media/ipod/iPod_Control/Device ("cd /media/ipod/iPod_Control/Device", assuming you used /media/ipod for the mount location)
Run "sudo lsusb -v -d 05ac: | grep iSerial | awk '{print $3}' | cut -b1-16 | xargs printf "FirewireGuid: 0x%s\n" > SysInfo" (Found here).
In your media application of choice, transfer a new song and/or sync your iPod. Depending on what media application you use, you might have to re-transfer all songs.
Reboot your device

You may also get the GUID directly from the device by executing:

 /usr/sbin/ioreg  -n IOIpodUSBDevice  -w 0 | grep DeviceConfiguration | cut -d '"' -f 44 | cut -c 1-16

If all goes well, your music should now be recognized on the device!

Alternative solution with MNPlight

Add the http://iphone.lefessant.net/iphone link to your Ipod Touch or Iphone installer.
Install MNPlight.
For Ipod Touch you need to set the "FirewareGuid" of device (see previous section).
Set the Fireware GUID in MNPlight→Preferences.

Warning: Without this step MNPlight will corrupt your music database!

Copy your music in to /var/root/Media/MNPlight/Music folder of your Iphone/Ipod Touch and import it by MNPlight→Playlists→Import songs from directory

Troubleshooting

Programs fail to sync, stating the device is not present

A "gotcha" currently exists if you accidentally "sudo" the iphone-mount or ipod-touch-mount step. Doing so will create a template file set at your mount location (eg. /media/ipod) and subsequent mount operations will fail uncleanly. If this occurs, verify the device is indeed not mounted, clean out /media/ipod, verify the permissions are correct, and mount again as your normal user.

Music appears in the Ubuntu media player, but is not playable or does not appear on the iPhone/iPod device

The most frustrating "gotcha" is failing to have a correct FirewireGuid written onto your device. This is normally generated when the device is attached for the first time, assuming you had the device plugged in via USB at the time. If this hash is incorrect or not present, iTunes will refuse to load the database. If the music still doesn't appear on your iPhone/iPod, you might have to restart the music playing programme. Select music and hold down the main button for a few seconds. You'll be dumped back to the main screen. Please see the section above on setting the Firewire GUID.

Firmware 1.1.3

If you soft-upgraded to firmware version 1.1.3 with the Official iPhone Dev package (this does not seem to affect iPhones updated or restored firmware 1.1.3 iPhone jailbroken with ziPhone), there may be issues with getting in via SSH (Connection refused, timeout, etc). Uninstall the OpenSSH package, reinstall the BSD Subsystem package, then reinstall OpenSSH. Try logging back in as root, with the password as whatever you set it to in a previous firmware version, or the default, which is still 'alpine'. Once you have logged in, changes need to be made before you can mount everything properly with the ipod-convenience script. User-run programs now run as user "mobile" instead of root, and media has been moved from /private/var/root/Media to /private/var/mobile/Media. The ipod-convenience script expects them to be in the former, so a link needs to be made to point to the new Media folder. Issue

 
$ ln -s /private/var/mobile/Media /private/var/root/Media

while logged into the iPhone or ipod touch via SSH. An alternative solution is to modify the ipod-convenience script (no need to create the link on the iphone/ipod touch):

$ cd /usr/share/ipod-convenience/
$ sudo cp mount-umount mount-umount.bak
$ sudo gedit mount-umount

...and at line 62 modify:

#Mount our Music Directory
sshfs root@$IPADDRESS:/var/root/Media $MOUNTPOINT/ -o workaround=rename

...into:

#Mount our Music Directory
sshfs root@$IPADDRESS:/var/mobile/Media $MOUNTPOINT/ -o workaround=rename

No Cover Art with Amarok

If you find that after syncing your iPhone with Amarok the coverart is missing it is very likely that you are using the wrong version of libgpod. Amarok depends on libgpod and the Ubuntu repositories version installs libgpod v2 instead of the needed libgpod v3. Workaround:

Uninstall libgpod v2. This will also uninstall Amarok
Open Synaptic and uncheck all the repositories but http://ppa.launchpad.net/ipod-touch/ubuntu
Refresh
Install libgpod v3 and Amarok
Re-check all the previously unchecked repositories
Start Amarok and connect to your iPhone
Make sure that the correct kind of iPod is selected in Amarok (under iPod → iPod Models → Mobile Phones)
Click on Refresh Graphics and on Disconnect (this might take a while)

You should have your Coverart correctly loaded on the iPhone afterwards.

Device full, "how were I to know?"

If you have followed previous steps and set it up to mount your device to a directory on your local computer, there is no way for any program interacting with that directory to tell how much free space is left on the device. In essence, the directory exists on your harddrive, and any attempts to divine free space would simply return the free space of that harddrive. For the time being, you can query the device itself in an SSH session. See previous sections of this wiki for information on how to connect to it in such a way. Log into the device via SSH, then enter this.

$ df -m

The output of that command will look something akin to the following:

Filesystem   1M-blocks Used Avail Capacity  Mounted on
/dev/disk0s1       300  277    19    94%    /
devfs                0    0     0   100%    /dev
/dev/disk0s2      7443 7395    48    99%    /private/var

The bottom-most line signifies the storage partition.

Filesystem is a denominator for the device node of that partition.
1M-blocks shows its capacity in megabytes. In this case, 7443 mb.
Used shows how many megabytes are used. In this case, 7395 mb.
Capacity shows how much space is currently used, in percent. In this case, 99%.
Mounted on shows where the partition is internally mounted on the device, much like you mount the device's SSH interface to a local directory for file transfers.

Likely, you will find only the third and fourth columns of interest.

Firmware 2.0 and 2.0.1 will not sync

In firmware versions 2.0 and above, Apple has changed the hashing algorithm used on the iTunesDB file. This hashing is yet to be broken. Until it is, syncing music for these firmware versions remains impossible. The guide above can still be used to mount the device, and to transfer files for jailbreak apps or for transfer between machines. A libgpod bug report is active here, and a project to reverse engineer the hash is located here, though it is unclear whether this project is active.

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