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| These definitions are used throughout the remainder of this manual.
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| 这些定义将在本手册的其余部分使用到。
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| POSIX（可移植操作系统接口）
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| : A family of open system standards based on Unix. Bash is primarily concerned with the Shell and Utilities portion of the POSIX 1003.1 standard.
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| : 基于Unix家族的一个开放系统标准。Bash主要关心POSIX 1003.1标准的Shell以及工具部分。
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| blank
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| : A space or tab character.
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| : 一个空格（space）或制表符（tab）。
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| builtin（内建/嵌入）
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| : A command that is implemented internally by the shell itself, rather than by an executable program somewhere in the file system.
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| : 一个由shell自己内部实现的的命令，它不是一个存储于文件系统中的可执行程序。
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| control operator（控制操作符）
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| : A token that performs a control function. It is a newline or one of the following: ‘||’, ‘&&’, ‘&’, ‘;’, ‘;;’, ‘|’, ‘|&’, ‘(’, or ‘)’.
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| : 一个记号并执行一个控制功能。它是一个换行符或以下东东：‘||’, ‘&&’, ‘&’, ‘;’, ‘;;’, ‘|’, ‘|&’, ‘(’, or ‘)’。
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| exit status（退出状态）
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| : The value returned by a command to its caller. The value is restricted to eight bits, so the maximum value is 255.
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| : 由命令返回该值到它的调用者。此值限于一个8比特值，所以它的最大值是255。
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| field（字段）
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| : A unit of text that is the result of one of the shell expansions. After expansion, when executing a command, the resulting fields are used as the command name and arguments.
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| : 一个文本单位是该shell扩展的结果。扩展之后，当执行一个命令时，这个结果字段被用作命令名或参数。
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| filename
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| : A string of characters used to identify a file.
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| : 由字符组成的字符串用于识别一个文件。
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| job（作业）
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| : A set of processes comprising a pipeline, and any processes descended from it, that are all in the same process group.
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| : 由一组操作组成的操作流水，它的任何后裔操作均属于同一个操作组。
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| job control（作业控制）
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| : A mechanism by which users can selectively stop (suspend) and restart (resume) execution of processes.
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| : 一套机制，用户可以选择性地停止和重启操作的执行。
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| metacharacter（元字符）
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| : A character that, when unquoted, separates words. A metacharacter is a blank or one of the following characters: ‘|’, ‘&’, ‘;’, ‘(’, ‘)’, ‘<’, or ‘>’.
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| : 当一个字符，当它未被引号引用，或者是单独出现。一个元字符可以是一个空格或以下单个出现的字符：‘|’，‘&’，‘;’，‘(’, ‘)’，‘<’ 或者 ‘>’。
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| name（名称）
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| : A word consisting solely of letters, numbers, and underscores, and beginning with a letter or underscore. Names are used as shell variable and function names. Also referred to as an identifier.
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| : 一个仅由字母、数字及下划线组成的词，名字被用于shell的变量及函数名称。也被认为是一个标识符。
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| operator（操作符）
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| : A control operator or a redirection operator. See [[#Redirections|Redirections]], for a list of redirection operators. Operators contain at least one unquoted metacharacter.
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| : 一个控制操作符或者一个重定向符。参看[[#Redirections|Redirections]]（重定向操作列表）。 操作符包括至少一个未引用元字符。
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| process group（进程组）
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| : A collection of related processes each having the same process group ID.
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| : 相关进程的集合，它们有相同的进程组ID。
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| process group ID（进程组ID）
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| : A unique identifier that represents a process group during its lifetime.
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| : 一个进程组在它的生命期内的一个唯一的标识。
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| reserved word（保留字）
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| : A word that has a special meaning to the shell. Most reserved words introduce shell flow control constructs, such as for and while.
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| : 一个对shell有特定意义的词。多数保留字与shell流程控制结构相关，例如for以及while。
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| return status（返回状态）
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| : A synonym for exit status.
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| : 退出状态（exit status）的同义词。
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| signal（信号）
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| : A mechanism by which a process may be notified by the kernel of an event occurring in the system.
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| : 一种机制，通过这种机制系统内核中发生的事件可以通知到一个进程。
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| special builtin（特殊内置指令）
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| : A shell builtin command that has been classified as special by the POSIX standard.
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| : 也是shell的内置指令， 它被POSIX标准分类为特殊。
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| token
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| : A sequence of characters considered a single unit by the shell. It is either a word or an operator.
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| word
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| : A sequence of characters treated as a unit by the shell. Words may not include unquoted metacharacters.
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