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| These definitions are used throughout the remainder of this manual.
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| POSIX
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| : A family of open system standards based on Unix. Bash is primarily concerned with the Shell and Utilities portion of the POSIX 1003.1 standard.
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| blank
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| : A space or tab character.
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| builtin
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| : A command that is implemented internally by the shell itself, rather than by an executable program somewhere in the file system.
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| control operator
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| : A token that performs a control function. It is a newline or one of the following: ‘||’, ‘&&’, ‘&’, ‘;’, ‘;;’, ‘|’, ‘|&’, ‘(’, or ‘)’.
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| exit status
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| : A unit of text that is the result of one of the shell expansions. After expansion, when executing a command, the resulting fields are used as the command name and arguments.
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| field
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| : A unit of text that is the result of one of the shell expansions. After expansion, when executing a command, the resulting fields are used as the command name and arguments.
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| filename
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| : A string of characters used to identify a file.
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| job
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| : A set of processes comprising a pipeline, and any processes descended from it, that are all in the same process group.
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| job control
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| : A mechanism by which users can selectively stop (suspend) and restart (resume) execution of processes.
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| metacharacter
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| : A character that, when unquoted, separates words. A metacharacter is a blank or one of the following characters: ‘|’, ‘&’, ‘;’, ‘(’, ‘)’, ‘<’, or ‘>’.
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| name
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| : A word consisting solely of letters, numbers, and underscores, and beginning with a letter or underscore. Names are used as shell variable and function names. Also referred to as an identifier.
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| operator
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| : A control operator or a redirection operator. See [[#Redirections|Redirections]], for a list of redirection operators. Operators contain at least one unquoted metacharacter. | |
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| process group
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| : A collection of related processes each having the same process group ID.
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| process group ID
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| : A unique identifier that represents a process group during its lifetime.
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| reserved word
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| : A word that has a special meaning to the shell. Most reserved words introduce shell flow control constructs, such as for and while.
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| return status
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| : A synonym for exit status.
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| signal
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| : A mechanism by which a process may be notified by the kernel of an event occurring in the system.
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| special builtin
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| : A shell builtin command that has been classified as special by the POSIX standard.
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| token
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| : A sequence of characters considered a single unit by the shell. It is either a word or an operator.
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| word
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| : A sequence of characters treated as a unit by the shell. Words may not include unquoted metacharacters.
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