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| <font color='green'>当你刚刚安装完毕之後,我们来花10分钟设置一下系统,让其有一个更加舒适的中文环境。──本文的作用</font>
| | That saves me. Thanks for being so snesilbe! |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| ==前言==
| |
| *<font color='red'>本文直接来自于feisty快速设置指南,不适用gusty的部分请有能力的尽快修改。</font>
| |
| *<font color='red'>本文适用于采用i386安装光盘安装的系统,部分内容适合AMD64和PPC安装(如有问题请到论坛咨询)。</font>
| |
| *如果您看到"$"的符号,意思是你必须在终端状态下运行此命令(应用程序 -> 附件 -> 终端)。
| |
| *"sudo"的意思是“以超级用户执行[Superuser Do]”。"sudo"需要提供当前登录用户的密码"Password:"。请输入您指定的用户密码(你输入的密码不会被显示,你输入完毕直接按回车确定即可)。
| |
| *注意:'''apt,aptitude,dpkg,Adept,新立得''' 等软件管理工具在同一时间只能有一个运行。
| |
| *文中所提到的下载地址http://ftp.ubuntu.org.cn/ 帐号: ubuntu,密码: ubuntuftp。
| |
| | |
| ==修改源并更新你的(k/x/ed)ubuntu==
| |
| | |
| *不同的网络状况连接以下源的速度不同。建议在添加前手动验证以下源的连接速度(ping下就行)。比如说北京网通用户连接cn99就非常慢,而ftp.sjtu.edu.cn是相对较快的源。选择最快的源可大大节省下载时间,请根据自己网络环境设置更新服务器,以达到最快的速度。
| |
| *注意,你可以同时加入几个源。尽量选择一组官方的源(也就是下面的Archive.ubuntu.com的条目)直接加在文件的最后,以避免非官方源软件包不全时出现 404 Not Found 文件未发现的错误。建议电信用户使用cn99和台湾大学的源,网通用户使用台湾大学的源,教育网用户使用教育网的源。
| |
| | |
| | |
| '''打开终端方法:'''
| |
| 按下ALT+F2 -> gnome-terminal -> 运行 #(ed)ubuntu
| |
| 按下ALT+F2 -> konsole -> 运行 #Kubuntu
| |
| 按下ALT+F2 -> xfce4-terminal -> 运行 #xubuntu
| |
| | |
| '''在终端执行命令'''
| |
| | |
| 备份当前的源列表,以便日后需要时恢复:
| |
| sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list_backup
| |
| | |
| 编辑源列表
| |
| gksu gedit /etc/apt/sources.list #(ed)ubuntu
| |
| kdesu kate /etc/apt/sources.list #kubuntu
| |
| gksu mousepad /etc/apt/sources.list #xubuntu
| |
| sudo vim /etc/apt/sources.list #通用
| |
| | |
| | |
| 从以下各服务器列表内容中选择一段替换文件中的所有内容,为防止非官方源中软件包不全的问题,请在sources.list文件中尾部添加一组官方源。
| |
| | |
| | |
| Archive.ubuntu.com更新服务器(欧洲,此为官方源,电信网通用户使用):
| |
| <pre>deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy main restricted universe multiverse
| |
| deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-security main restricted universe multiverse
| |
| deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
| |
| deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
| |
| deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
| |
| deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy main restricted universe multiverse
| |
| deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-security main restricted universe multiverse
| |
| deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
| |
| deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
| |
| deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-backports main restricted universe multiverse</pre>
| |
| | |
| | |
| Ubuntu.cn99.com更新服务器(江苏省常州市电信,推荐电信用户使用):
| |
| <pre>deb http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ gutsy main restricted universe multiverse
| |
| deb http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-security main restricted universe multiverse
| |
| deb http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
| |
| deb http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
| |
| deb http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
| |
| deb-src http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ gutsy main restricted universe multiverse
| |
| deb-src http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-security main restricted universe multiverse
| |
| deb-src http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
| |
| deb-src http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
| |
| deb-src http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
| |
| deb http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu-cn/ gutsy main restricted universe multiverse</pre>
| |
| | |
| | |
| Mirrors.shlug.org更新服务器(电信服务器,Ubuntu China Official Mirror, maintained by Shanghai Linux User Group):
| |
| <pre>deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu gutsy main restricted universe multiverse
| |
| deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu gutsy-security main restricted universe multiverse
| |
| deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu gutsy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
| |
| deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu gutsy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
| |
| deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu gutsy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
| |
| deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu gutsy main restricted universe multiverse
| |
| deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu gutsy-security main restricted universe multiverse
| |
| deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu gutsy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
| |
| deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu gutsy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
| |
| deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu gutsy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse</pre>
| |
| | |
| | |
| Mirror.lupaworld.com更新服务器(浙江省杭州市双线服务器):
| |
| <pre>deb http://mirror.lupaworld.com/ubuntu gutsy main restricted universe multiverse
| |
| deb http://mirror.lupaworld.com/ubuntu gutsy-security main restricted universe multiverse
| |
| deb http://mirror.lupaworld.com/ubuntu gutsy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
| |
| deb http://mirror.lupaworld.com/ubuntu gutsy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
| |
| deb http://mirror.lupaworld.com/ubuntu gutsy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
| |
| deb-src http://mirror.lupaworld.com/ubuntu gutsy main restricted universe multiverse
| |
| deb-src http://mirror.lupaworld.com/ubuntu gutsy-security main restricted universe multiverse
| |
| deb-src http://mirror.lupaworld.com/ubuntu gutsy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
| |
| deb-src http://mirror.lupaworld.com/ubuntu gutsy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
| |
| deb-src http://mirror.lupaworld.com/ubuntu gutsy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse</pre>
| |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| 厦门大学更新服务器(教育网服务器):
| |
| <pre>deb ftp://ubuntu.realss.cn/ubuntu/ gutsy main restricted universe multiverse
| |
| deb ftp://ubuntu.realss.cn/ubuntu/ gutsy-backports restricted universe multiverse
| |
| deb ftp://ubuntu.realss.cn/ubuntu/ gutsy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
| |
| deb ftp://ubuntu.realss.cn/ubuntu/ gutsy-security main restricted universe multiverse
| |
| deb ftp://ubuntu.realss.cn/ubuntu/ gutsy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
| |
| deb-src ftp://ubuntu.realss.cn/ubuntu/ gutsy main restricted universe multiverse
| |
| deb-src ftp://ubuntu.realss.cn/ubuntu/ gutsy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
| |
| deb-src ftp://ubuntu.realss.cn/ubuntu/ gutsy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
| |
| deb-src ftp://ubuntu.realss.cn/ubuntu/ gutsy-security main restricted universe multiverse
| |
| deb-src ftp://ubuntu.realss.cn/ubuntu/ gutsy-updates main restricted universe multiverse</pre>
| |
| | |
| | |
| 成都市 电子科技大学更新服务器(教育网,推荐校园网和网通用户使用):
| |
| <pre>deb http://ubuntu.uestc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ gutsy main multiverse restricted universe
| |
| deb http://ubuntu.uestc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ gutsy-backports main multiverse restricted universe
| |
| deb http://ubuntu.uestc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ gutsy-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
| |
| deb http://ubuntu.uestc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ gutsy-security main multiverse restricted universe
| |
| deb http://ubuntu.uestc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ gutsy-updates main multiverse restricted universe
| |
| deb-src http://ubuntu.uestc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ gutsy main multiverse restricted universe
| |
| deb-src http://ubuntu.uestc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ gutsy-backports main multiverse restricted universe
| |
| deb-src http://ubuntu.uestc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ gutsy-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
| |
| deb-src http://ubuntu.uestc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ gutsy-security main multiverse restricted universe
| |
| deb-src http://ubuntu.uestc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ gutsy-updates main multiverse restricted universe
| |
| | |
| == 如果无法解析uestc.edu.cn域名,请使用以下地址 ==
| |
| | |
| deb http://ubuntu.dormforce.net/ubuntu/ gutsy main multiverse restricted universe
| |
| deb http://ubuntu.dormforce.net/ubuntu/ gutsy-backports main multiverse restricted universe
| |
| deb http://ubuntu.dormforce.net/ubuntu/ gutsy-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
| |
| deb http://ubuntu.dormforce.net/ubuntu/ gutsy-security main multiverse restricted universe
| |
| deb http://ubuntu.dormforce.net/ubuntu/ gutsy-updates main multiverse restricted universe
| |
| deb-src http://ubuntu.dormforce.net/ubuntu/ gutsy main multiverse restricted universe
| |
| deb-src http://ubuntu.dormforce.net/ubuntu/ gutsy-backports main multiverse restricted universe
| |
| deb-src http://ubuntu.dormforce.net/ubuntu/ gutsy-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
| |
| deb-src http://ubuntu.dormforce.net/ubuntu/ gutsy-security main multiverse restricted universe
| |
| deb-src http://ubuntu.dormforce.net/ubuntu/ gutsy-updates main multiverse restricted universe</pre>
| |
| | |
| | |
| 上海市上海交通大学更新服务器(教育网,推荐校园网和网通用户使用):
| |
| <pre>deb http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ gutsy main multiverse restricted universe
| |
| deb http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ gutsy-backports main multiverse restricted universe
| |
| deb http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ gutsy-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
| |
| deb http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ gutsy-security main multiverse restricted universe
| |
| deb http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ gutsy-updates main multiverse restricted universe
| |
| deb-src http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ gutsy main multiverse restricted universe
| |
| deb-src http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ gutsy-backports main multiverse restricted universe
| |
| deb-src http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ gutsy-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
| |
| deb-src http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ gutsy-security main multiverse restricted universe
| |
| deb-src http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ gutsy-updates main multiverse restricted universe</pre>
| |
| | |
| 中国科学技术大学更新服务器(教育网,推荐校园网和网通用户使用):
| |
| <pre>deb http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ gutsy main multiverse restricted universe
| |
| deb http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ gutsy-backports main multiverse restricted universe
| |
| deb http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ gutsy-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
| |
| deb http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ gutsy-security main multiverse restricted universe
| |
| deb http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ gutsy-updates main multiverse restricted universe
| |
| deb-src http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ gutsy main multiverse restricted universe
| |
| deb-src http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ gutsy-backports main multiverse restricted universe
| |
| deb-src http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ gutsy-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
| |
| deb-src http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ gutsy-security main multiverse restricted universe
| |
| deb-src http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ gutsy-updates main multiverse restricted universe
| |
| </pre>
| |
| | |
| 北京市清华大学更新服务器(教育网,推荐校园网和网通用户使用):
| |
| <pre>deb http://mirror9.net9.org/ubuntu/ gutsy main multiverse restricted universe
| |
| deb http://mirror9.net9.org/ubuntu/ gutsy-backports main multiverse restricted universe
| |
| deb http://mirror9.net9.org/ubuntu/ gutsy-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
| |
| deb http://mirror9.net9.org/ubuntu/ gutsy-security main multiverse restricted universe
| |
| deb http://mirror9.net9.org/ubuntu/ gutsy-updates main multiverse restricted universe
| |
| deb-src http://mirror9.net9.org/ubuntu/ gutsy main multiverse restricted universe
| |
| deb-src http://mirror9.net9.org/ubuntu/ gutsy-backports main multiverse restricted universe
| |
| deb-src http://mirror9.net9.org/ubuntu/ gutsy-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
| |
| deb-src http://mirror9.net9.org/ubuntu/ gutsy-security main multiverse restricted universe
| |
| deb-src http://mirror9.net9.org/ubuntu/ gutsy-updates main multiverse restricted universe</pre>
| |
| | |
| | |
| 沈阳市东北大学更新服务器(教育网,推荐校园网和网通用户使用):
| |
| <pre>deb ftp://ftp.neu.edu.cn/mirror/archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy main multiverse restricted universe
| |
| deb ftp://ftp.neu.edu.cn/mirror/archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-backports main multiverse restricted universe
| |
| deb ftp://ftp.neu.edu.cn/mirror/archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
| |
| deb ftp://ftp.neu.edu.cn/mirror/archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-security main multiverse restricted universe
| |
| deb ftp://ftp.neu.edu.cn/mirror/archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-updates main multiverse restricted universe
| |
| deb-src ftp://ftp.neu.edu.cn/mirror/archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy main multiverse restricted universe
| |
| deb-src ftp://ftp.neu.edu.cn/mirror/archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-backports main multiverse restricted universe
| |
| deb-src ftp://ftp.neu.edu.cn/mirror/archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
| |
| deb-src ftp://ftp.neu.edu.cn/mirror/archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-security main multiverse restricted universe
| |
| deb-src ftp://ftp.neu.edu.cn/mirror/archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-updates main multiverse restricted universe</pre>
| |
| | |
| | |
| 中国台湾省台湾大学更新服务器(推荐网通用户使用,电信PING平均响应速度41MS。强烈推荐此源,比较完整,较少出现同步问题):
| |
| <pre>deb http://ubuntu.csie.ntu.edu.tw/ubuntu/ gutsy main restricted universe multiverse
| |
| deb-src http://ubuntu.csie.ntu.edu.tw/ubuntu/ gutsy main restricted universe multiverse
| |
| deb http://ubuntu.csie.ntu.edu.tw/ubuntu/ gutsy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
| |
| deb-src http://ubuntu.csie.ntu.edu.tw/ubuntu/ gutsy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
| |
| deb http://ubuntu.csie.ntu.edu.tw/ubuntu/ gutsy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
| |
| deb-src http://ubuntu.csie.ntu.edu.tw/ubuntu/ gutsy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
| |
| deb http://ubuntu.csie.ntu.edu.tw/ubuntu/ gutsy-security main restricted universe multiverse
| |
| deb-src http://ubuntu.csie.ntu.edu.tw/ubuntu/ gutsy-security main restricted universe multiverse
| |
| deb http://ubuntu.csie.ntu.edu.tw/ubuntu/ gutsy-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
| |
| deb-src http://ubuntu.csie.ntu.edu.tw/ubuntu/ gutsy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse</pre>
| |
| | |
| | |
| Mirror.vmmatrix.net更新服务器(上海市电信,推荐电信网通用户使用):
| |
| <pre>deb http://mirror.vmmatrix.net/ubuntu/ gutsy main restricted universe multiverse
| |
| deb-src http://mirror.vmmatrix.net/ubuntu/ gutsy main restricted universe multiverse
| |
| deb http://mirror.vmmatrix.net/ubuntu/ gutsy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
| |
| deb-src http://mirror.vmmatrix.net/ubuntu/ gutsy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
| |
| deb http://mirror.vmmatrix.net/ubuntu/ gutsy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
| |
| deb-src http://mirror.vmmatrix.net/ubuntu/ gutsy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
| |
| deb http://mirror.vmmatrix.net/ubuntu/ gutsy-security main restricted universe multiverse
| |
| deb-src http://mirror.vmmatrix.net/ubuntu/ gutsy-security main restricted universe multiverse
| |
| deb http://mirror.vmmatrix.net/ubuntu/ gutsy-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
| |
| deb-src http://mirror.vmmatrix.net/ubuntu/ gutsy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse</pre>
| |
| | |
| | |
| ubuntu.cnsite.org更新服务器(福建省福州市 电信):
| |
| <pre>deb http://ubuntu.cnsite.org/ubuntu/ gutsy main restricted universe multiverse
| |
| deb-src http://ubuntu.cnsite.org/ubuntu/ gutsy main restricted universe multiverse
| |
| deb http://ubuntu.cnsite.org/ubuntu/ gutsy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
| |
| deb-src http://ubuntu.cnsite.org/ubuntu/ gutsy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
| |
| deb http://ubuntu.cnsite.org/ubuntu/ gutsy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
| |
| deb-src http://ubuntu.cnsite.org/ubuntu/ gutsy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
| |
| deb http://ubuntu.cnsite.org/ubuntu/ gutsy-security main restricted universe multiverse
| |
| deb-src http://ubuntu.cnsite.org/ubuntu/ gutsy-security main restricted universe multiverse
| |
| deb http://ubuntu.cnsite.org/ubuntu/ gutsy-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
| |
| deb-src http://ubuntu.cnsite.org/ubuntu/ gutsy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse</pre>
| |
| | |
| | |
| mirror.rootguide.org更新服务器(上海市 电信):
| |
| <pre>deb http://mirror.rootguide.org/ubuntu/ gutsy main restricted universe multiverse
| |
| deb-src http://mirror.rootguide.org/ubuntu/ gutsy main restricted universe multiverse
| |
| deb http://mirror.rootguide.org/ubuntu/ gutsy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
| |
| deb-src http://mirror.rootguide.org/ubuntu/ gutsy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
| |
| deb http://mirror.rootguide.org/ubuntu/ gutsy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
| |
| deb-src http://mirror.rootguide.org/ubuntu/ gutsy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
| |
| deb http://mirror.rootguide.org/ubuntu/ gutsy-security main restricted universe multiverse
| |
| deb-src http://mirror.rootguide.org/ubuntu/ gutsy-security main restricted universe multiverse
| |
| deb http://mirror.rootguide.org/ubuntu/ gutsy-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
| |
| deb-src http://mirror.rootguide.org/ubuntu/ gutsy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
| |
| deb http://mirror.rootguide.org/ubuntu-cn/ gutsy main restricted universe multiverse</pre>
| |
| | |
| | |
| 台湾的官方源速度也相当不错,有时甚至快于内地的:
| |
| <pre>deb http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu gutsy main restricted universe multiverse
| |
| deb http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu gutsy-security main restricted universe multiverse
| |
| deb http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu gutsy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
| |
| deb http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu gutsy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
| |
| deb http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu gutsy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
| |
| deb-src http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu gutsy main restricted universe multiverse
| |
| deb-src http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu gutsy-security main restricted universe multiverse
| |
| deb-src http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu gutsy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
| |
| deb-src http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu gutsy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
| |
| deb-src http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu gutsy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse</pre>
| |
| | |
| 也可以到以下网址自定义产生若干源:
| |
| http://www.ubuntulinux.nl/source-o-matic
| |
| | |
| 以下网址有极其全面的源,以供补充:
| |
| http://italy.copybase.ch/blog/lista-repository-sourceslist-ottimizzata-per-ubuntu-kubuntu-linux/
| |
| | |
| 官方采集的源列表:
| |
| https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/+archivemirrors
| |
| | |
| '''保存编辑好的文件,执行以下命令更新'''
| |
| sudo apt-get update #这一步是更新你的源列表,'''换源后必须执行'''
| |
| sudo apt-get dist-upgrade #这一步是更新软件,如果你对新版本软件的需求不是那么迫切,可以不执行
| |
| | |
| ==设置系统中文环境支持==
| |
| | |
| | |
| ===安装语言包===
| |
| | |
| '''Kubuntu'''
| |
| 主菜单 -> 系统设置 -> 区域与语言 -> 安装新语言 -> Chinese -> 安装
| |
| 主菜单 -> 系统设置 -> 区域与语言 -> 选择系统语言 -> 简体中文 -> 确定。
| |
| | |
| 相对的命令是:
| |
| sudo apt-get install language-pack-kde-zh-base language-pack-kde-zh
| |
| | |
| '''Ubuntu''':
| |
| 系统 -> 系统管理 -> 语言支持,在列表中的Chinese条目打勾。
| |
| 同时将默认语言修改为Chinese(中国)并确定。
| |
| | |
| 如果你设置的是非中文环境,但需要系统提供中文支持,那么请按照以下情况执行命令:
| |
| | |
| sudo apt-get install kde-i18n-zhcn kde-i18n-zhtw #kubuntu
| |
| sudo apt-get install language-pack-zh #ubuntu
| |
| | |
| '''配置字体,使中文看起来更漂亮(可选)'''
| |
| sudo fontconfig-voodoo -f -s zh_CN
| |
| | |
| | |
| ===scim输入法安装及设置===
| |
| | |
| 如果您要在非CJK(中日韩)的locales下使用scim,请在终端执行如下命令(如果默认是中文环境不需要这一步,系统已经设置好了):
| |
| <pre class='wrappre'>
| |
| sudo apt-get install scim scim-modules-socket scim-modules-table scim-pinyin scim-tables-zh scim-gtk2-immodule im-switch libapt-pkg-perl
| |
| </pre>
| |
| <pre>sudo gedit /etc/X11/xinit/xinput.d/default</pre>
| |
| | |
| 加入
| |
| <pre>XIM=SCIM
| |
| XIM_PROGRAM=/usr/bin/scim
| |
| XIM_ARGS="-d"
| |
| GTK_IM_MODULE=scim
| |
| QT_IM_MODULE=scim
| |
| DEPENDS="scim,scim-gtk2-immodule | scim-qtimm" </pre>
| |
| | |
| 重启Gnome以后生效。
| |
| | |
| 提示:带table的包为输入法码表,安装之后才有除拼音以外的输入法,如五笔、二笔、自然码等,如果你只使用拼音输入法就不用装这些包了。
| |
| sudo im-switch -s scim -z default
| |
| | |
| 如果在KDE下面使用scim,建议使用如下设置:
| |
| sudo apt-get install im-switch libapt-pkg-perl
| |
| sudo im-switch -s scim-xim -z default
| |
| | |
| '''Scim输入法的可选设置'''
| |
| | |
| '''注意:gutsy下不建议进行这步操作,尤其在kubuntu下强烈建议不进行这步操作。'''
| |
| 默认的scim输入法可能会与realplay、acrobat reader、openoffice等程序有冲突。如果有这样的问题,建议使用scim-bridge替换scim。安装scim-bridge 和scim-qtimm。请确保已正确设置中文环境,打开终端,执行以下命令,或使用《新立得软件管理器》,在其中搜索"scim-bridge"、"scim-qtimm"并标记安装。
| |
| sudo apt-get install scim-qtimm
| |
| sudo im-switch -s scim
| |
| | |
| 编辑im-switch生成的scim配置文件
| |
| gksu gedit /etc/X11/xinit/xinput.d/scim
| |
| 将默认的 GTK_IM_MODULE=scim 修改为 GTK_IM_MODULE="scim-bridge"。
| |
| | |
| | |
| ===fcitx输入法安装及设置(Kubuntu下推荐使用)===
| |
| | |
| '''fcitx'''安装:'''
| |
| sudo apt-get install im-switch fcitx
| |
| im-switch -s fcitx -z default # 注意,前面千万不要加sudo
| |
| 完成设置最好重启一下X,输入法就生效了
| |
| | |
| '''fcitx设置(可选)'''
| |
| kate ~/.fcitx/config #kubuntu
| |
| gedit ~/.fcitx/config #ubuntu
| |
| mousepad ~/.fcitx/config #xubuntu
| |
| | |
| 如果英文界面下输入栏与输入文字为方块的现像,只需修改config中的字体即可,例如:
| |
| 显示字体(中)=SimSun
| |
| 显示字体(英)=SimSun
| |
| 提示:可以设为自己喜欢的字体,但必须保证你所使用的字体支持中文。
| |
| | |
| '''英文locale下fcitx输入设置,解决部份非QT(如firefox/swiftfox等)程序的输入问题'''
| |
| | |
| kdesu kate /usr/lib/gtk-2.0/2.10.0/immodule-files.d/libgtk2.0-0.immodules #kubuntu
| |
| gksu gedit /usr/lib/gtk-2.0/2.10.0/immodule-files.d/libgtk2.0-0.immodules #ubuntu
| |
| gksu mousepad /usr/lib/gtk-2.0/2.10.0/immodule-files.d/libgtk2.0-0.immodules #xubuntu
| |
| sudo vim /usr/lib/gtk-2.0/2.10.0/immodule-files.d/libgtk2.0-0.immodules #通用
| |
| | |
| 找到下面这个部份
| |
| "/usr/lib/gtk-2.0/2.10.0/immodules/im-xim.so"
| |
| "xim" "X Input Method" "gtk20" "/usr/share/locale" "ko:ja:th:zh"
| |
| | |
| 将"ko:ja:th:zh" 改为 "'''en''':ko:ja:th:zh"
| |
| | |
| 设置完毕,注销一下电脑。输入法(按Ctrl+空格键激活输入法)就应该可以使用了。
| |
| | |
| 更多fcitx设置,请访问[[中文输入法fcitx]]
| |
| | |
| ===安装文泉驿字体(可选)===
| |
| | |
| 安装:执行下面的命令前请确保你已经将上面源中ubuntu-cn的源加进去了。
| |
| sudo apt-get install xfonts-wqy
| |
| | |
| 安装后应该可以在字体管理器中找到WenQuanYi Bitmap Song字体了,如果你的系统中找不到,请执行下面的命令:
| |
| sudo dpkg-reconfigure fontconfig-config
| |
| | |
| 系统总共会问你三个问题,其中第三个为:
| |
| Enable bitmapped fonts by default? # 即是否启用Bitmap字体
| |
| | |
| 移动tab键至Yes,回车,字体管理器中就应该有WenQuanYi Bitmap Song字体了。
| |
| | |
| ===解决PDF电子文档的中文乱码===
| |
| | |
| *'''KPDF/Evince''':前者为Kubuntu自带,后者为ubuntu自带。
| |
| sudo apt-get install xpdf-chinese-simplified xpdf-chinese-traditional
| |
| | |
| 如果上面的方法仍然不起作用,比如阅读chinapub的pdf电子书时,可以这么做
| |
| wget http://poppler.freedesktop.org/poppler-data-0.1.tar.gz
| |
| tar xzvf poppler-data-0.1.tar.gz && cd poppler-data-0.1
| |
| sudo make install datadir=/usr/share
| |
| | |
| *'''Adobe acrobat'''英文版:到下面的地址下载简体语言包(中文版的就不需要了)。
| |
| | |
| Adobe reader8.1简体中文字体包[http://ubuntu:[email protected]/dbzhang800/FontPack81_chs_i486-linux.tar.gz http://ftp.ubuntu.org.cn] | |
| | |
| 更多版本字体请访问:http://www.adobe.com/products/acrobat/acrrasianfontpack.html
| |
| | |
| ==安装JAVA环境支持==
| |
| | |
| 打开终端,执行以下命令,或使用Adept/新立得软件管理器,在其中分别搜索"sun-java6-jre"和"sun-java6-jdk"并标记安装。
| |
| sudo apt-get install sun-java6-jre
| |
| | |
| 如果空间富裕,建议安装一个JDK。
| |
| sudo apt-get install sun-java6-jdk
| |
| | |
| 提示:安装过程中需要你回答是否同意使用协议(终端中红蓝色的提示界面),此时按tab键至OK,再按回车即可正常安装。
| |
| | |
| '''设置当前默认的java解释器:'''
| |
| sudo update-alternatives --config java
| |
| | |
| 执行后会出现类似如下的画面:
| |
| | |
| <pre>There are 2 alternatives which provide `java'.
| |
| | |
| Selection Alternative
| |
| -----------------------------------------------
| |
| 1 /usr/bin/gij-wrapper-4.1
| |
| *+ 2 /usr/lib/jvm/java-6-sun/jre/bin/java
| |
| | |
| Press enter to keep the default[*], or type selection number:</pre>
| |
| | |
| 输入 有包含 "sun" 的行的前面的数字。如上面显示,则输入2,然后回车确定。
| |
| | |
| | |
| '''配置JAVA环境变量:'''
| |
| sudo gedit /etc/environment
| |
| 在其中添加如下两行:
| |
| CLASSPATH=/usr/lib/jvm/java-6-sun/lib
| |
| JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/java-6-sun
| |
| | |
| sudo gedit /etc/jvm
| |
| 将文件中的
| |
| /usr/lib/jvm/java-6-sun
| |
| 这一行填入到配置块的顶部
| |
| | |
| '''安装浏览器的JAVA Plugin(可选):'''
| |
| sudo apt-get install sun-java6-plugin
| |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| ==安装QQ软件(可选)==
| |
| | |
| | |
| ===安装EVA,Kubuntu推荐使用===
| |
| sudo apt-get install eva
| |
| 安装完成之后,按Alt+F2,输入eva回车即可,也可以在主菜单 -> 网络 -> eva 启动。
| |
| | |
| | |
| ===安装LumaQQ,需JAVA支持===
| |
| 1. 下载并安装
| |
| 安装QQ需要先安装上一步的JAVA环境,也可以到lumaqq官方网站下载最新版本进行安装(依次执行以下命令)
| |
| | |
| <pre>
| |
| wget -c http://lumaqq.linuxsir.org/download/2005/lumaqq_2005-linux_gtk2_x86_no_jre.tar.gz
| |
| sudo tar zxvf lumaqq_2005-linux_gtk2_x86_no_jre.tar.gz -C /opt/
| |
| wget -c http://lumaqq.linuxsir.org/download/patch/lumaqq_2005_patch_2006.02.02.15.00.zip
| |
| sudo unzip -o lumaqq_2005_patch_2006.02.02.15.00.zip -d /opt/LumaQQ/lib
| |
| sudo chown -R root:root /opt/LumaQQ/
| |
| sudo chmod -R 755 /opt/LumaQQ/
| |
| sudo gedit /usr/share/applications/LumaQQ.desktop
| |
| </pre>
| |
| | |
| 2. 在新增的文件内加入下面这几行
| |
| | |
| <pre>
| |
| [Desktop Entry]
| |
| Name=LumaQQ
| |
| Comment=QQ Client
| |
| Exec=/opt/LumaQQ/lumaqq
| |
| Icon=/opt/LumaQQ/QQ.png
| |
| Terminal=false
| |
| Type=Application
| |
| Categories=Application;Network;
| |
| </pre>
| |
| | |
| 3. 保存编辑过的文件 安装完成后的快捷方式在(应用程序 -> Internat -> LumaQQ)。
| |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| ==多媒体应用环境设置'==
| |
| | |
| | |
| ===安装多媒体解码器===
| |
| | |
| 安装下面这些解码器,常见的多媒体格式基本都可以播放了仅适合x86,ppc的请参见另外文件。
| |
| 如果出现需要输入[Y/n]或[y/N],一律输入y并回车。
| |
| | |
| '''ubuntu/xubuntu''':
| |
| <pre class='wrappre'>sudo apt-get install audacious audacious-plugins audacious-plugins-extra libdvdcss2 gstreamer0.10-pitfdll gstreamer0.10-plugins-bad
| |
| gstreamer0.10-plugins-bad-multiverse gstreamer0.10-plugins-ugly-multiverse
| |
| libavcodec1d libavutil1d libcdaudio1 libdvdnav4 libfaad2-0 libfreebob0
| |
| libgsm1 libjack0 libmjpegtools0c2a libmms0 libopenspc0 libquicktime1
| |
| libsoundtouch1c2
| |
| </pre>
| |
| 提示:audacious是linux下一款出色的音频播放器,当然你如果有其他喜欢的就可以把它删去。
| |
| | |
| 或者这里有一个可以用来一次性安装编码器、Flash、Java、MS 字体的捆绑包:
| |
| | |
| sudo apt-get install ubuntu-restricted-extras
| |
| | |
| '''Kubuntu''' :
| |
| <pre class='wrappre'>sudo apt-get install libdvdcss2 libdvdnav4 libdvdplay0 libdvdread3 w32codecs libxine-extracodecs gstreamer0.10-pitfdll gstreamer0.10-ffmpeg gstreamer0.10-plugins-bad gstreamer0.10-plugins-bad-multiverse gstreamer0.10-plugins-ugly gstreamer0.10-plugins-ugly-multiverse</pre>
| |
| 或者这里有一个可以用来一次性安装编码器、Flash、Java、MS 字体的捆绑包:
| |
| | |
| sudo apt-get install xubuntu-restricted-extras
| |
| | |
| ===安装mplayer播放器===
| |
| | |
| sudo apt-get install mplayer-fonts mplayer mplayer-skins mozilla-mplayer
| |
| | |
| 在开始用它进行视频播放前还需要进行以下设置(先启动它),然后右键弹出主菜单 -> Preferences/属性 -> Video/视频,在"Available drivers/可用驱动"中选择"x11"或"xv",在同一窗口下半部份钩上"允许掉帧/Enable frame dropping"。
| |
| | |
| | |
| ===Xine前端播放器设置(可选)===
| |
| | |
| 如果使用xine引擎的播放器,如kaffeine,gxine,totem-xine等在播放有些rmvb文件的时候可能会出现没有声音的现象(如果你没遇到,就不要进行这一步了),解决办法如下:
| |
| | |
| 首先关闭播放器,然后使用你喜欢的文本编辑器,比如 kate,gedit,vim等打开文件 ~/.xine/catalog.cache,(比如 gedit ~/.xine/catalog.cache)打开该文件。找到其中的
| |
| | |
| /usr/lib/xine/plugins/1.1.4/xineplug_decode_real_audio.so
| |
| | |
| 代码段,将其下的 decoder_priority 的数值修改成 10
| |
| | |
| 修改完毕后这一段应该看起来是这样子的
| |
| | |
| /usr/lib/xine/plugins/1.1.4/xineplug_decode_real_audio.so
| |
| ....
| |
| ....
| |
| decoder_priority=10
| |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| ==安装英汉辞典==
| |
| | |
| 如果出现需要输入[Y/n]或[y/N],一律输入y并回车。
| |
| | |
| '''Ubuntu'''
| |
| <pre class='wrappre'>sudo apt-get install stardict stardict-cdict-gb stardict-cedict-gb stardict-hanzim stardict-langdao-ce-gb stardict-langdao-ec-gb stardict-oxford-gb stardict-xdict-ce-gb stardict-xdict-ec-gb</pre>
| |
| 安装完成后的快捷方式在(应用程序 -> 附件 -> 星际译王)
| |
| | |
| '''Kubuntu'''
| |
| <pre class='wrappre'>sudo apt-get install sox stardict-gtk stardict-common stardict-cdict-gb stardict-cedict-gb stardict-hanzim stardict-langdao-ce-gb stardict-langdao-ec-gb stardict-oxford-gb stardict-xdict-ce-gb stardict-xdict-ec-gb</pre>
| |
| 安装完成后的快捷方式在(主菜单 -> 附件 -> 星际译王)
| |
| | |
| | |
| 如果需要给stardict添加'''更多的词库'''或'''真人发音''',请访问[[stardict|星际译王]]
| |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| ==安装设置Firefox浏览器==
| |
| | |
| | |
| ===安装flash播放插件===
| |
| | |
| *<font color = 'red'>如果你能连接国外网站并支持https</font>,请执行:
| |
| | |
| sudo apt-get install flashplugin-nonfree
| |
| | |
| 如果不满足条件而你不幸误执行了以上命令,并看到类似下面的消息:
| |
| <pre>
| |
| 正在设置 flashplugin-nonfree (9.0.48.0.0ubuntu1~7.04.1) ...
| |
| Downloading...
| |
| --20:47:05--
| |
| http://fpdownload.macromedia.com/get/flashplayer/current/install_flash_player_9_
| |
| linux.tar.gz
| |
| => `./install_flash_player_9_linux.tar.gz'
| |
| Resolving fpdownload.macromedia.com... 122.252.42.70
| |
| Connecting to fpdownload.macromedia.com|122.252.42.70|:80...
| |
| </pre>
| |
| | |
| 那么请Ctrl+c结束,然后
| |
| sudo apt-get remove --purge flashplugin-nonfree
| |
| | |
| *<font color = 'red'>如果不能连接国外网站或不支持https</font>,请到[http://ubuntu:[email protected]/fideas/install_flash_player_9_linux.tar.gz http://ftp.ubuntu.org.cn] 下载 | |
| | |
| 下载后安装:
| |
| tar -zxvf install_flash_player_9_linux.tar.gz
| |
| cd install_flash_player_9_linux/
| |
| sudo ./flashplayer-installer
| |
| | |
| | |
| ===安装插件/扩展===
| |
| | |
| 查看[[firefox浏览器|firefox]]当前所安装的插件,在地址栏中输入:
| |
| | |
| about:plugins
| |
| | |
| 从这个地址安装多线程下载扩展downthemall :
| |
| | |
| http://addons.mozine.cn/firefox/89/
| |
| | |
| 从这个地址安装在线观看视频扩展mediawarp :
| |
| | |
| http://addons.mozine.cn/firefox/116/
| |
| | |
| 从这个地址安装广告过滤扩展Adblock_Plus:
| |
| | |
| http://addons.mozine.cn/firefox/125/
| |
| | |
| | |
| ===配置firefox===
| |
| | |
| 在址址栏中输入:
| |
| | |
| about:config
| |
| | |
| | |
| 如果你对第三方Firefox发行版'''Swiftfox'''感兴趣,请访问[[Swiftfox浏览器]]
| |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| ==安装支持BT/电驴/Gnutella1/Gnutella2等下载软件==
| |
| | |
| | |
| ===安装BT下载软件===
| |
| | |
| 1. 在Ubuntu中,打开终端,执行以下命令,或使用新立得,在其中搜索azureus并标记安装。
| |
| | |
| sudo apt-get install deluge-torrent
| |
| | |
| 安装完成后的快捷方式在应用程序 -> Interne t-> Azureus,该软件支持Bit Torrent协议。
| |
| | |
| 2. 在Kubuntu中,打开终端,执行以下命令,或使用Adept manager,在其中搜索ktorrent,并标记安装。
| |
| | |
| sudo apt-get install ktorrent
| |
| | |
| 安装完成后的快捷方式在应用程序 -> Internet -> Ktorrent,该软件支持Bit Torrent协议。
| |
| | |
| ===安装电驴下载软件(可选)===
| |
| | |
| 安装支持p2p/ftp/http的下载软件mldoneky。
| |
| | |
| 在Ubuntu中,打开终端,执行以下命令,或使用Adept/新立得,在其中搜索并标记安装。
| |
| | |
| sudo apt-get install kmldonkey mldonkey-server
| |
| | |
| 安装过程中,需要用户配置是否在开机时自动启动:
| |
| | |
| mldonkey-server(Launch MLDonkey at startup?
| |
| | |
| 这时建议选择"是",以方便进行配置。若选择是以后,在接下来的配置过程中对大部份选项都用默认设置,不过在设置的帐号密 码时,最好重新设置下。安装完mldonkey以后,若想开机不自行启动mldonkey-server,可以运行sudo dpkg-reconfigure mldonkey-server进行设置。
| |
| | |
| 当完成kmldonkey mldonkey-server的安装以后,可以在firefox或者konqueror等浏览器的地址栏里输入http://127.0.0.1:4080/ 来直接访问mldonkey,也可以使用快捷方式(应用程序 -> Internet -> KMLDonkey)。
| |
| | |
| mldonkey缺省只支持电驴(edonkey2000)协议,若要支持BT/ftp/http/Gnutella等协议,需自行在配置菜单里开启。详细步骤请参考文档或自行摸索。
| |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| ==其他参考==
| |
| | |
| *[[Navigation | WIKI文章分类列表]]
| |
| *[[安装MPlayer]]
| |
| *[[快速设置指南]]
| |
| *[[Ubuntu技巧]]
| |
| *[[ADSL(PPPOE)接入指南]]
| |
| *[[河南网通拨号程序安装指南]]
| |