查看“模板:Lucid/Hardware”的源代码

= Hardware =
== CPU and motherboard ==
The original Linux kernel supplied  with Karmic Koala implemented mandatory CPU temperature and fan speed sensor monitoring (which was optional in previous kernels). The output from the sensors was used to effect CPU scaling (throttling) in the event of "out of range" temperature values. However, not all motherboards/CPUs have sensor drivers available, and due to a bug in the feedback routine, missing sensors drivers incorrectly reported as an "out of range" error in this kernel. This threw multiple errors which were logged (using rsyslogd) to both the /var/log/kern.log and the /var/log/syslog files, filling them to multiple Gb size within a few hours. This had the effect of slowing, then freezing, the machine.

The new Linux kernels (> 31.17) have fixed this problem by disabling the feedback throttling. If your machine is affected by this problem, go ahead and install using the original kernel supplied with Karmic, but then do an update/upgrade to obtain the current Linux kernel.
 
=== Disable CPU Frequency scaling ===
(These instructions should not be necessary any longer, even for the problem noted above. They are maintained here for reference only.)
My motherboard does not have drivers for my CPU fan sensor. Therefore, the Linux kernel cannot monitor the temperature and fan speeds properly and throttles the CPU (aka frequency scaling) inappropriately. This has the effect of slowing or freezing my computer. To turn off this behavior, I used the Debian RCConf utility:
 sudo apt-get install rcconf
 sudo rcconf

and unchecked the ONDEMAND item. (I also unchecked the fan control item). I then rebooted. For more info, see [http://www.tuxwire.com/?p=5757 this].

=== libsensors ===
libsensors is the module that monitors your motherboard/CPU temp and fan speeds. (It is not used by lm-sensors). You can adjust settings:
 sudo gedit /etc/sensors.conf
 sensors -s

Some hardware CPU sensors are not recognized by the Linux kernel, causing system slowdown or freezing. [http://www.lm-sensors.org/wiki/FAQ/Chapter3#Mysensorshavestoppedworkinginkernel2.6.31 Here] is some info about hardware/sensors problems.

=== Sensors-applet (Motherboard monitoring) ===
Sensors-applet (or xsensors) is the Gnome (Ubuntu) frontend for lm-sensors. These sensors monitor the temperature and fan-speed sensors of your motherboard.
 sudo apt-get install sensors-applet lm-sensors
 sudo sensors-detect
 sensors-applet

*Make sure your sensors are installed.
 sensors

For more info, see [http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=2780 this thread].

== Graphics Cards ==

==== Install Latest Nvidia/ATI drivers ====
Ubuntu uses a GUI frontend to [https://launchpad.net/jockey Jockey] for the installation of the proprietary nVidia drivers (and other proprietary drivers).
:Menu -> System -> Hardware Drivers

*Sometimes after a kernel upgrade a proprietary driver may stop working. In such a case, try installing the new linux-headers that match the newly upgraded kernel:
 sudo apt-get install linux-headers-$(uname -r)

:If dkms and build-essential have never been installed on your system, these can also be worthwhile:
 sudo apt-get dkms build-essential

==== Fix Intel graphics resolution problems ====
On a fresh install of Karmic Koala I had no problems with my onboard Intel graphics card. However, on an update from Jaunty to Karmic, I could not get higher screen resolutions -- the same problem I had in Jaunty. Therefore, my solution is the same, i.e. to revert to the old Intel drivers, as detailed [https://wiki.ubuntu.com/ReinhardTartler/X/RevertingIntelDriverTo2.4 here].

===== Screen Keeps Flickering =====
If you have an Intel Corporation Mobile 915GM/GMS/910GML card, your screen may flicker every 5-10 seconds. To prevent this:
* System -> Administration -> Advanced -> Service Manager -> Uncheck "Detect RANDR (monitor) changes"

=== Reconfigure xserver-xorg ===
 sudo dpkg-reconfigure xserver-xorg

==== xorg.conf ====
Before installing any driver for ATI or nvidia, please make backup xorg.conf before following this method. 
 sudo cp /etc/X11/xorg.conf /etc/X11/xorg.conf.bak
If you have edited this file but would like it to be automatically updated again, run the following command:
 sudo dpkg-reconfigure -phigh xserver-xorg
If you want to try this xorg.conf after installing the driver, you must back up your xorg.conf as following. And then, edit /etc/X11/xorg.conf in text editor. '''Add or modify''' this xorg.conf sample.

===== xorg.conf for nvidia =====

  Section "Screen"
  Identifier "Default Screen"
  Device "Configured Video Device"
  Monitor "Configured Monitor"
  SubSection "Display"
  Depth 16
  Modes "1280x1024" "1024x768"
  Option "AddARGBGLXVisuals" "True"
  EndSubSection
 
  Option "AddARGBGLXVisuals" "True"
  Defaultdepth 24
  EndSection
  Section "Module"
  Load "glx"
  Load "GLcore"
  Load "v4l"
  EndSection
  Section "Device"
  Identifier "Configured Video Device"
  Boardname "vesa"
  Busid "PCI:1:0:0"
  Driver "nvidia"
  Screen 0
  EndSection
  
  Section "Device"
  Identifier "Device0"
  BoardName "Generic Geforce 5500"
  Driver "nvidia"
  Vendorname "NVIDIA Corporation"
  Option "DualHead" "1"
  Option "ShadowFB" "1"
  Option "FPScale" "1"
  Option "TwinView" "True"
  Option "TwinViewOrientation" "RightOf"
  Option "UseEdidFreqs" "True"
  Option "Metamodes" "1024x768,1024x768"
  Option "UseDisplayDevice" "DFP"
  EndSection
  
  Section "Device"
  Identifier "Videocard0"
  Driver "nv"
  VendorName "NVIDIA Corporation"
  BoardName "GeForce 7600 GT"
  EndSection
  
  Section "InputDevice"
  Identifier "Generic Keyboard"
  Driver "kbd"
  Option "XkbRules" "xorg"
  Option "XkbModel" "pc105"
  Option "XkbLayout" "us"
  EndSection
 
  Section "InputDevice"
  Identifier "Configured Mouse"
  Driver "mouse"
  EndSection
  Section "ServerLayout"
  Identifier "Default Layout"
  screen 0 "Default Screen" 0 0
  EndSection
  
  Section "Extensions"
  Option "Composite" "Enable"
  EndSection

=== Installation of ATI and nVidia Graphics drivers ===
==== nVidia Driver ====
If you have problems with nVidia drivers after upgrading, check [http://www.ubuntugeek.com/common-problems-and-solutions-for-nvidia-restricted-drivers-after-ubuntu-810-intrepid-ibex-upgrade.html this UbuntuGeek guide] for solutions to common problems with nVidia. The current nVidia drivers are automatically maintained in Jaunty, however, in
:System -> Administration -> Hardware Drivers

Look for the current drivers to activate there.

*Here are alternate manual instructions.
:*Please make a backup of xorg.conf before following this method. 
 sudo cp /etc/X11/xorg.conf /etc/X11/xorg.conf.bak
:*Install the nvidia-settings package:
  sudo apt-get install nvidia-settings
:*Download the nVidia driver:
 wget -O NVIDIA-Linux-x86-pkg1.run <nowiki>http://www.nvidia.com/Download/index.aspx?lang=en-us</nowiki>
 sudo sh NVIDIA-Linux-x86-pkg1.run

and choose yes to any verbose response. After you install the driver, reboot your computer.

==== ATI Driver ====
If you have problems with ATI drivers after upgrading, check [http://wiki.cchtml.com/index.php/Ubuntu_Jaunty_Installation_Guide this link] for solutions to common problems with ATI.

== Monitors / Displays ==
=== Turn off power saving ===
Even when on AC power, the power saver feature of Ubuntu sometimes changes the screen brightness to the battery setting on laptops. This was a problem with the ACPI power management module in the past, but should now be fixed. If not, change the settings:
: To access the Guidance Power Manager module, click on the power icon on the desktop taskbar. 
: Change the brightness setting for "Battery powered" to maximum.

You can also turn off power management settings (invoked when the computer is idle):
:System -> Administration -> Display -> Power Control -> uncheck "Enable display power management"

=== Configure Dual Monitors with nVidia ===
*Make sure that the nVidia driver has been installed and is functioning properly on your first screen. Also, make sure both monitors are connected.

*Open the command-line terminal Konsole and type:
 sudo nvidia-settings

*Select "X Server Display Configuration".
::*You should see 3 boxes (2 if your card doesn't have an S-Video out). From here you can configure all of your card's outputs.
::*Check the "(Disabled)" box.
::*Select "Configure...".
:::* The most common choice is TwinView. Select it.

*Setup the desired screen resolutions and positions of your two active displays.
::*The new display will likely have resolution set to "Auto" to match your first. Change this if you wish.
::*Leave the first screen's position as "Absolute" and set your second display's position relative to that.
::*"Clone" means the same output on both.

*Once you are satisfied with your settings, hit Apply to test them.
::*Note: if your displays are side-by-side, the kicker may extend across both screens as well as any maximized applications. This will be corrected when the X server is restarted.
::*If everything else is ok, hit "Save to X Configuration File". Now hit Ctrl+Alt+Backspace to restart X. You now have 2 screens!

*(The NVIDIA X Server Settings application can be also found in K -> System Settings to change settings later, but this does not always work because settings need to be changed as the root user.)

*Troubleshooting: if the X server fails to reload you can recover your old X configuration. In a terminal:
 sudo cp /etc/X11/xorg.conf.backup /etc/X11/xorg.conf

== Hard Drives and USB Storage ==
== Optical Drives ==

== Printers & Scanners ==
The new CUPS interface recognizes many printers. Specific printers not recognized can often be installed using instructions found at [http://www.openprinting.org/printer_list.cgi the Linux Foundation OpenPrinting database].

=== Add a Printer ===
:System -> Administration ->  Printing -> New Printer -> New Printer

Most of the time, your printer (if connected and turned on) will be detected automatically.

My network printer with its own IP address at 192.168.0.124 was correctly installed at
:socket://192.168.0.124:9100.

You can also choose printers on a Windows system via Samba and other types of networked printers, in addition to directly connected printers.

==== Use CUPS web interface ====
From any web browser, go to the URL:
: <nowiki>http://localhost:631</nowiki>
=== Brother printers ===
Most Brother printers are auto-detected or can be installed directly from the CUPS interface. For information on a specific model, see [http://www.openprinting.org/printer_list.cgi?make=Brother the Linux OpenPrinting site].

== Sound ==
If you get no sound with a fresh install, check that the sound levels are not set to zero.  Click on the sound (speaker) icon on the panel, and then mixer.  You may need to expand the dialog window to show labels.  Ensure levels aren't set to zero, especially PCM.

Sound in Jaunty is routed by Phonon either directly to your sound card or through the PulseAudio sound system. To use [[#PulseAudio|PulseAudio]], you must install it (see below).  Some experimentation with the settings in
:K menu -> System -> System Settings -> Multimedia 
may be necessary to make sound on your system work properly.

Try setting PulseAudio as the first sound system if you are having troubles getting sound (even if you are using ALSA). If that doesn't work, try making it the last choice.

Some programs require ALSA sound and try to send sound directly through ALSA drivers. Check your program's preferences section to see if ALSA is selected. You may have to switch to PulseAudio (or even OSSound) if you can't get sound.

=== PulseAudio ===
Lucid has PulseAudio in the repositories:
 sudo apt-get install pulseaudio pavucontrol padevchooser

Add your user to the proper groups:
::K menu -> System -> Kuser user Manager -> ''user'' -> Groups -> 
::check: pulse pulse-access pulse-rt and audio

Configure Pulse Audio:
:K menu -> Settings -> PulseAudio Preferences Sound Audio preferences

==== HDMI with PulseAudio ====
I could only get my HDMI audio on my computer to work this way, and I can't quite figure out why it works. 

*I checked to make sure my Mobile Intel 4 Series HDMI audio driver was installed (it is part of the most recent kernels):
 aplay -l
 aplay -L

This told me the HDMI card was recognized and configured properly. The problem was that no matter what I did, I couldn't get the sound piped through the HDMI card using ALSA, Kmix or any other settings (I tried every permutation).

*I installed Pulse Audio:
 sudo apt-get install pulseaudio pavucontrol padevchooser
 pavucontrol
 padevchooser

*In PAVUControl I selected the HDMI card as the output device:
:Menu -> Multimedia -> PulseAudio Volume Control -> Configuration -> Internal Audio -> Digital Stereo (HDMI) Output

Then everything played through the HDMI audio card (through the cable to my HDTV).

This worked whether I had PulseAudio selected as the default audio or not (in System settings -> Multimedia). Don't ask me why.

*My HDMI port/output is only recognized if the HDMI cable is plugged in at bootup (it does not matter whether the HDTV power is on or not). If I plug in the HDMI cable after bootup, it isn't recognized.

*After doing this, every program I use works: VLC, Audacious, or whatever. It does not seem to matter whether the application is using Default, ALSA, or PulseAudio for the audio output plugin. None of this makes sense to me, but it works. I'm happy to be able to play HDMI movies (through VLC) to my HDTV.

*To change sound output back to my computer's internal speakers (ALSA), I returned the output setting:
:Menu -> Multimedia -> PulseAudio Volume Control -> Configuration -> Internal Audio -> Analog Stereo Output

=== Airport Express ===
==== Airport Express with Pulse Audio ====
Audio output can be streamed over your local network to an Airport Express. Make sure your [[#Firewall|firewall]] is not blocking ports 5353, 5000, and 6000. These capabilities require the pulseaudio-module-raop (for Airport Express) and pulseaudio-module-zeroconf for the Zeroconf/Bonjour networking protocol. 

Install Pulse Audio:
 sudo apt-get install pulseaudio pavucontrol padevchooser pulseaudio-module-raop pulseaudio-module-zeroconf
 pavucontrol
 padevchooser

Then configure Pulse Audio:

:K Menu -> Settings -> PulseAudio Preferences Sound Audio preferences -> Network Access

and check both:

:Make discoverable network sound devices available locally
:Make discoverable Apple Airtunes devices available locally

You can switch between devices and control device volume independently using:

:K menu -> Multimedia -> PulseAudio Device Chooser
:K menu -> Multimedia -> PulseAudio Volume Control

*Select Pulse Audio as the output device in

:K menu -> System -> System Settings -> Multimedia -> Device Preference

Note: Make sure your [[#Firewall|firewall]] is not blocking ports 5353, 5000, and 6000.

My AEX is discovered, but I got no sound through it until I selected it as the default sink (output) by one of two methods:
*From the PulseAudio Volume Control:
:K menu -> Multimedia -> PulseAudio Volume Control -> Output Devices 
: then click the arrow and set the AEX device as default

*From the PulseAudio Device Chooser:
:K menu -> Multimedia -> PulseAudio Device Chooser -> Manager -> Devices -> Sinks
::I then noted the name of my Airport Express device to be raop.Base-Station-e60157.local, so I entered that as the sink:
:PulseAudio Device Chooser -> Default sink -> Other -> raop.Base-Station-e60157.local

Now, any devices (or multimedia players) setup to play through PulseAudio will play through the stereo attached to the Airport Express.

==== raop-client (Airport Express streaming) ====
Another method to stream audio to the Airport Express uses raop-client, a tool written in Ruby. See information [http://mriou.wordpress.com/ here].

==== GSTransmit (Airport Express streaming) ====
[http://www.el-tunes.com/ GSTransmit] is a tool to allow GStreamer-based utilities to stream output to an Apple AirTunes Device (such as the Airport Express). It is available as a self-installing .deb file from the website.

==== Airfoil (Airport Express streaming) ====
You can stream media from a PC running Windows or Mac OS X connected to an Airport Express network to your Kubuntu Linux desktop, using [http://www.rogueamoeba.com/airfoil/ Airfoil]. (Unfortunately you cannot send media output from Kubuntu ''to'' the Airport Express network with Airfoil, only receive.) This can be useful in a distributed multimedia system, for example, in which your Kubuntu PC is connected to a media center. You must be running [[#Mono|Mono]]. You can download the .deb package [http://www.rogueamoeba.com/airfoil/linux/speakers.php at Rogue Amoeba]. Installation instructions are at [http://getsatisfaction.com/rogueamoeba/topics/airfoil_cant_connect_to_linux_airfoil_speakers Rogue Amoeba Linux support].

== Mice ==
=== Activate side-mouse-buttons in FireFox ===
Adding two lines to xorg.conf will activate side-mouse-buttons in FireFox. 

*This should work with most brands of the 5-button mouse. Here is a list of mice that worked with this instruction.

::: Logitech MX310
::: Logitech MX510
::: Logitech MX518
::: Logitech MX700
::: Logitech MX Revolution
::: Intellimouse Explorer (first edition)
::: Razer Copperhead 

*Backup X.org configuration file
 sudo cp /etc/X11/xorg.conf /etc/X11/xorg.conf.bak

*Modify the X.org configuration file
 kdesu kate /etc/X11/xorg.conf

*Find the Input Device section for your mouse and add two lines as shown below.
::*You may also increase the number of buttons if your mouse has more than 7 -- just fix the rest of the section based upon the number of buttons.
:::::Note: "back/forward", "wheel click" & "tilt left/right" all count as   buttons

*Change:
 Section "InputDevice"
  Identifier "Configured Mouse"
  Driver "mouse"
  Option "CorePointer"
  Option "Device" "/dev/input/mice"
  Option "Protocol" "ExplorerPS/2"
  Option "ZAxisMapping" "4 5" 
  Option "Emulate3Buttons"       "true"
 EndSection

::to:
 Section "InputDevice"
  Identifier "Configured Mouse"
  Driver "mouse"
  Option "CorePointer"
  Option "Device" "/dev/input/mice"
  Option "Protocol" "ExplorerPS/2"
  Option "ZAxisMapping" "4 5"
  Option "Emulate3Buttons" "true"
  Option "Buttons" "7"
  Option "ButtonMapping" "1 2 3 6 7"
 EndSection

== Touchpad ==
For Synaptics Touchpads:
 sudo apt-get install gsynaptics

For more info, see [https://help.ubuntu.com/community/SynapticsTouchpad the Ubuntu help wiki].

== Wacom Pen Tablets ==
Support for the Wacom pen tablet is integrated into Jaunty by default, including for hotplugging. 
For more info, see the [https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Wacom Ubuntu documentation].

== Remote Controls ==
=== LIRC (Infrared Remote Controls) ===
[http://www.lirc.org/ LIRC] (Linux Infrared Control) allows you to use [http://lirc.sourceforge.net/remotes/ most infra-red remote controls]. This can be installed from 
Applications -> Add/Remove Packages -> Settings -> Infrared Remote Control
:or
 sudo apt-get install lirc

== Bluetooth ==
[http://www.bluez.org/ BlueZ] is the package that allows Bluetooth connectivity in Ubuntu Linux. This package is included within the current kernel of Ubuntu. To add utilities to check whether your Bluetooth adapter's firmware is current, install:
 sudo apt-get install bluez-utils bluez-firmware
then run
 sudo dfutool

=== WiiMote ===
The Wiimote (Wii Remote Control) uses both Bluetooth and Infra-red technology. It communicates with Ubuntu Linux using the incorporated BlueZ Bluetooth drivers and/or LIRC drivers. (It can function with Bluetooth alone, however.) You will need a Bluetooth receiver on your PC (such as a Bluetooth USB stick or built-in Bluetooth receiver, for example). (Note: not all Bluetooth receivers will work with the Bluez drivers. Check [http://www.wiili.org/index.php/Compatible_Bluetooth_Devices this list] or test yours first.)

*Install the [https://help.ubuntu.com/community/CWiiD cwiid] Wiimote controller package and the lswm Wiimote discovery package:
 sudo apt-get install wminput lswm

*Install the drivers (or just reboot):
 modprobe uinput

:Note: You can also add uinput to the modules files so it loads automatically at bootup:
 sudo echo "uinput" >>/etc/modules

Run (while pressing button 1/2 on the Wiimote):
 sudo wminput

For more info, and to learn how to enable the infra-red functions, see [http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=993376 this guide].

== USB ==
== Wireless Cards ==
=== Atheros Cards ===
Atheros Wireless cards should work automatically with the new kernel by installing the proprietary driver. At installation, after the first reboot, you will be prompted whether to use the proprietary drivers.

It should no longer be necessary to install the following package:
 sudo apt-get install madwifi-tools 

These instructions for the Atheros 802.11 b/g integrated card are here for reference only (or if you wish to install them manually instead):
*Download the latest [http://snapshots.madwifi-project.org/ 'snapshot' driver from Madwifi]. When I was doing it, the version was:
 madwifi-hal-0.10.5.6-current.tar.gz
*Extract the files
*Make sure your linux headers and build-essential packages are installed:
 sudo apt-get install build-essential
 sudo apt-get install linux-headers-$(uname -r)
*Unload any drivers already running.
 sudo ifconfig ath0 down
 sudo ifconfig wifi0 down
*Change to the directory where you extracted the driver.
 cd <directory_where_driver_unzipped>
*From that directory, run the installation scripts:
 cd scripts
 sudo ./madwifi-unload
 sudo ./find-madwifi-modules.sh $(uname -r)
 cd ..
*Complete the installation by compiling the source and installing it.
 sudo make
 sudo make install
*Add the installed drivers to your system.
 sudo modprobe ath_pci

Following this, Network Manager was able to see the wireless card and I was able to configure everything else (WEP / WPA key, etc.) from there.

Complete instructions are available at [http://madwifi-project.org/wiki/UserDocs/FirstTimeHowTo MadWifi UserDocs].

===== Atheros AR242x =====
Alternate instructions for installing the Atheros AR242x card are [http://madberry.org/2008/11/how-to-get-atheros-ar242x-to-work-on-810-intrepid-ibex/ here].

== 3G ==
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3G 3G protocols] allow wide area cellular communications that include not only cellphone voice transmission but also integrated broadband internet connections. This can be integrated into a single device, or communications can be received through an EVDO adapter. Examples of 3G radio interfaces include Mobile WiMax, CDMA-2000, TD-CDMA, EDGE, and DECT. For info using 3G with the Ubuntu Network Manager, see [https://wiki.ubuntu.com/NetworkManager/Hardware/3G this page]. For additional info on using 3G with Ubuntu, see [https://wiki.ubuntu.org/NetworkManager/Hardware/3G/Probing this guide].

=== he220r1 ===
[http://huaweie220.blogspot.com/ he220r1] is a (K)ubuntu driver package for the Huawei e220 USB modem. It has also been found to work with other 3G devices, such as Nokia, Sony Ericsson, and Motorola. See the website for download and installation instructions.

=== T-Mobile Option 225 (Web'N'Walk) Stick ===
[http://www.relst.nl/site/index.php/handleidingen/200-make-your-t-mobile-web-n-walk-stick-option-225-work-with-ubuntu.html This website] offers a driver optimised for the T-Mobile Web'n'Walk Stick/Option 225.

=== Virgin Huawei e169 ===
See [http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=1014221 this Ubuntu forum solution]:

 sudo gedit /etc/ppp/options

find the line that says:
 <nowiki>#-chap</nowiki>
and uncomment it (delete #)
 -chap
this (I think) disables CHAP authentication

I also had to change the APN to VirginBroadband instead of VirginInternet which was the default, and now it's happy.

 Other settings
 Number *99#
 Uname <your virgin username>
 PW <your virgin password>

=== EVDO Cards ===
EVDO cards include USB modems and adapters to receive wide-area cellular broadband Internet connections.
==== Sprint ====
Sprint EVDO cards can be used most easily through KPPP. For instructions, read the [http://www4.sprint.com/pcsbusiness/downloads/Sprint_Mobile_Broadband_Setup_Guide.pdf Sprint Mobile Broadband Setup Guide]. Also see the [http://www.evdoforums.com/thread5925.html EVDO Forums].

==== Verizon ====
See this [http://www.crystalnetworking.net/?p=17 Crystal Networking guide].

===== Tethering your PC to your Verizon cell phone =====
This is a per-minute plan in which you can use Verizon broadband services through your cell phone (such as the Motorola RAZR) connected to your PC via a USB cable.
See [http://www.aselabs.com/articles.php?id=224 this guide].

== Digital Cameras ==
== WebCams ==
See the [https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Webcam Ubuntu webcam guide] for more info. Many webcams that worked in Hardy Heron may not work in Intrepid Ibex. This may be due to a migration from v4l (video for Linux) to v4l2. See [http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=983574 this discussion].

=== EasyCam ===
[https://help.ubuntu.com/community/EasyCam EasyCam2] is a utility for finding and installing drivers for your webcam. See [https://help.ubuntu.com/community/EasyCam these installation instructions].

=== iSight ===
Linux drivers for the digital iSight camera (connected by FireWire), using ALSA for sound, are [http://sourceforge.net/projects/lisight/ here]. The video component is already supported by current kernels (see [http://lisight.sourceforge.net/ here] for more information).

=== Luvcview (USB webcam viewer) ===
Luvcview can be used to view your USB webcam to test it. Install:
 sudo apt-get install luvcview

View your webcam:
 luvcview -f yuv

== Netbooks ==
Ubuntu can be installed on netbooks. (See this [https://wiki.ubuntu.com/LaptopTestingTeam this page for laptop and netbook compatibility reviews].) At this time the Ubuntu Netbook Remix (or equivalent) is preferred to the standard Gnome-based desktop, especially for new users. [https://wiki.ubuntu.com/UNR Ubuntu Netbook Remix] is provided to several individual netbook manufacturers (such as Asus and Acer) to be optimised for that device. (You can contact your specific netbook manufacturer for specific details on this product.) If you already have Ubuntu Netbook Remix (or eeebuntu Netbook Remix) installed, you can choose to add the full Ubuntu (Gnome) desktop, if you wish:

 sudo apt-get install ubuntu-desktop

*Asus eeePC 1000H
::*Reduce font size one or two sizes, and set the screen DPI to 120.
::*[http://www.eeebuntu.org/index.php?page=nbr eeebuntu Netbook Remix] is available for this device.
*Dell Mini 9
::*Ubuntu Netbook Remix runs on this device well. See [http://www.ubuntumini.com/2008/10/ubuntu-810-intrepid-ibex-on-dell-mini-9.html this guide].
*HP Mini 1000 Mi
::*A custom edition of Ubuntu is installed on this version of [http://www.hp.com/united-states/campaigns/mini1000/hpmini1000_mie.html this device]. No additional configuration is necessary.
*Samsung NC10
::*Some package should be installed for keyboard functions (FN Key+functions). The procedure to install these package is available in [http://www.voria.org/forum/viewtopic.php?t=41 this forum].

Another method is to install Ubuntu onto your netbook from scratch using a [[#Run Ubuntu LiveCD from a USB pendrive|USB flashdrive LiveCD]].

=== Acer Aspire One ===
There are several Ubuntu-based and other Linux-based OS's specially customised for the Acer Aspire One. Some of them are:
* [http://wiki.debian.org/DebianAcerOne DebianAcerOne]
* [http://www.kuki.me/ Kuki Linux]
* [http://www.linux4one.it/ Linux4One]
* [http://ubuntuaceraspireone.nireblog.com/post/2009/04/21/lord-linux-stable-rev2-acer-aspire-one Lord-Linux]
* [http://www.eeebuntu.org/index.php?page=nbr eeebuntu Netbook Remix] is available for this device as well. See [http://osnews.com/story/20743/Eeebuntu_2_0_SD_Card_Installation_on_the_Aspire_One this article] for the necessary tweaks.

Also see [https://help.ubuntu.com/community/AspireOne the Ubuntu website] for detailed tweaks and fixes. More useful information can be found in the [http://www.aspireoneuser.com/forum/viewforum.php?f=28 Ubuntu Linux sub-forum] at aspireoneuser.com

== Palm ==
== Mobile Devices ==
Ubuntu Linux offers an operating system for Mobile Devices (such as the Samsung Q1 Ultra or Elektrobit MIMD) with a unique and simplified interface. For more information see the [http://www.ubuntu.com/products/mobile Ubuntu MID Edition] site.

== GPS ==
[http://tuxmobil.org/linux_gps_navigation_applications.html Tux Mobil] has a list of Linux applications for use with GPS devices, and compatible hardware. Two GPS packages are available from the Ubuntu/Kubuntu respositories: 

*[http://viking.sourceforge.net/mediawiki/index.php/Main_Page Viking] is a free open source package to view GPS data in maps, and to plot co-ordinates. This has been [http://www.fsckin.com/2008/04/06/review-four-linux-gps-packages/ reviewed] as the best Linux GPS mapping program.
 sudo apt-get install viking
*[http://www.gpsdrive.de/ GPS Drive] is a free navigation software package that displays your position on a zoomable map using your GPS device. It is GTK-based but can be used in Kubuntu. It uses the [http://gpsd.berlios.de/ gpsd] daemon that interfaces with a variety of [http://gpsd.berlios.de/hardware.html GPS hardware]. A [http://www.gpsdrive.de/download.shtml .deb package] of the current version is also available from the website. Install:
  sudo apt-get install gpsdrive
*[http://www.tangogps.org tangoGPS] is a beautiful, lightweight GPS mapping program that uses map data from the [http://www.openstreetmap.org/ Openstreetmap] project. Is is a GPL-licensed open source project. A .deb package can be found [http://www.tangogps.org/gps/cat/Download here].

== MP3 / Video Players ==
=== Sansa Fuze ===
The Sansa Fuze is a very high quality MP3 audio as well as video player. It is recognized by default as a USB device in Ubuntu/Kubuntu. To convert videos into a format that can be copied to the player, use [http://code.google.com/p/video4fuze/downloads/list Video4Fuze].

*Install prerequisites:
 sudo apt-get install wine

*Download and install:
 wget <nowiki>http://video4fuze.googlecode.com/files/video4fuze-0.4.1_all.deb</nowiki>
 sudo dpkg -i video4fuze-0.4.1_all.deb

*Convert files (mpg or mp4) using Video4Fuze. Do not use the Sansa Fuze player as the output folder, but use an output folder on your computer. Once the files have been converted, then copy them directly to a Video folder on the Sansa Fuze (using Nautilus in Ubuntu or Dolphin in Kubuntu).

*I like [[#K9copy (DVD Ripper)|k9copy]] to extract something (that I have saved) on a DVD to an mp4 (.avi) first. The Sansa Fuze likes video at 224 x 176 and DivX 4/5, so I extract to those specifications:
:Menu -> Multimedia -> k9copy -> Input: DVD -> Output: MPEG-4 encoding -> folder icon: /home/''user/Videos''
:k9configure -> MPEG-4 -> Video -> Codec: MPEG-4 (DivX 4/5) -> Width: 224 -> Height: 176
::-> Audio: mp3 (lame) -> Bitrate: 128

I then use video4fuze to convert the extracted mp4 (.avi) into the format that the Sansa Fuze likes.

*Limitations: At this time Flash videos (.flv) cannot be converted directly by Video4Fuze. You must convert flash videos to another format (such as .mpg or mp4/.avi) prior to Video4Fuze conversion, using a converter such as mencoder or [[#FFMPEG_video_.2F_audio_conversion|ffmpeg]] (e.g. with WinFF as the GUI).