查看“特殊:Badtitle/NS100:Autofs”的源代码
来自Ubuntu中文
←
特殊:Badtitle/NS100:Autofs
跳到导航
跳到搜索
因为以下原因,您没有权限编辑该页面:
您请求的操作仅限属于该用户组的用户执行:
用户
您可以查看和复制此页面的源代码。
{{From|https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Autofs}} {{Languages|UbuntuHelp:Autofs}} == Introduction == Automount (or autofs) is a way to mount directories on an as-needed basis. Automounts are mounted only as they are accessed, and they are unmounted after a period of inactivity. Because of this, automounting NFS/Samba shares conserves bandwidth and offers better overall performance compared to static mounts via <code><nowiki>fstab</nowiki></code>. In this howto, we will configure autofs to automount an NFS share, using a set of config files. There are other ways to configure autofs on a network (see [[UbuntuHelp:AutofsLDAP|AutofsLDAP]]), but config files provide the simplest setup. This howto assumes that you are already familiar with NFS exports, and that you already have a properly-functioning NFS share on your network. See [[UbuntuHelp:NFSServerHowTo|NFSServerHowTo]] to learn how to set up such a server. === Quick note on terms === Put simply, ''automount'' and ''autofs'' are two separate technologies working in tandem to provide automatic filesystem mounting. However, for our purposes there is little need to distinguish between the two, and as such, they are used interchangeably in this howto. == Installation == Install the autofs package: <pre><nowiki> $ sudo apt-get install autofs </nowiki></pre> == Configuration == === Edit /etc/auto.master === To configure autofs we will edit <code><nowiki>/etc/auto.master</nowiki></code>. <pre><nowiki> $ sudo nano /etc/auto.master </nowiki></pre> Here is the sample file provided by Ubuntu: <pre><nowiki> # # $Id: auto.master,v 1.4 2005/01/04 14:36:54 raven Exp $ # # Sample auto.master file # This is an automounter map and it has the following format # key [ -mount-options-separated-by-comma ] location # For details of the format look at autofs(5). #/misc /etc/auto.misc --timeout=60 #/smb /etc/auto.smb #/misc /etc/auto.misc #/net /etc/auto.net </nowiki></pre> As you can see, everything is commented out. Take note of the format used by the examples. Each mount point is associated with another configuration file. We will create a new configuration file for our NFS share(s). Add the following line at the end of <code><nowiki>/etc/auto.master</nowiki></code>: <pre><nowiki> /nfs /etc/auto.nfs </nowiki></pre> This creates a mount point at <code><nowiki>/nfs</nowiki></code> and configures it according to the settings specified in <code><nowiki>/etc/auto.nfs</nowiki></code> (which we are about to create). === Create /etc/auto.nfs === Now we will create the file which countains our automounter map: <pre><nowiki> $ sudo nano /etc/auto.nfs </nowiki></pre> This file should contain a separate line for each NFS share. The format for a line is {mount point} [{mount options}] {location}. If you have previously configured static mounts in <code><nowiki>/etc/fstab</nowiki></code>, it may be helpful to refer to those. Remember, the mount points specified here will be relative to the mount point given in <code><nowiki>/etc/auto.master</nowiki></code>. The following line is for shares using older versions of NFS (prior to version 4): <pre><nowiki> server server:/ </nowiki></pre> This creates a new mount point at <code><nowiki>/nfs/server/</nowiki></code> and mounts the NFS root directory exported by the machine whose hostname is <code><nowiki>server</nowiki></code>. ==== NFSv4 ==== If your NFS shares use NFSv4, you need to tell autofs about that. In such a case, the above line would appear as follows: <pre><nowiki> server -fstype=nfs4 server:/ </nowiki></pre> === Unmount static mounts and edit /etc/fstab === If you have previously configured the NFS shares as static mounts, now is the time to unmount them. <pre><nowiki> $ sudo umount /server </nowiki></pre> Next, remove (or comment out) their respective entries in <code><nowiki>/etc/fstab</nowiki></code>. <pre><nowiki> #server:/ /server/ nfs defaults 0 0 </nowiki></pre> === Reload /etc/init.d/autofs === After entering your changes, run the following command to reload autofs: <pre><nowiki> $ sudo /etc/init.d/autofs reload </nowiki></pre> === Make sure it works === In order to access the share and verify that it is working properly, enter the following into a shell: <pre><nowiki> $ ls /nfs/server </nowiki></pre> If you see your NFS share listed, congratulations! You have a functioning NFS mount via autofs! If you want to learn some more advanced information, keep reading. ------ == Advanced Information == Following the example directory structure above, if you were to enter <code><nowiki>ls /nfs</nowiki></code> into a shell, you might be surprised to see nothing listed. But remember that you need to access a directory before it is automounted. To access the share, enter <code><nowiki>ls /nfs/server</nowiki></code>. Once it has been accessed, your share will be listed only until it times out. This is good to keep in mind, as it could save you time diagnosing an autofs problem that isn't really there. === Note on /net and /smb === These two default configurations may be useful for your setup. If you have a lot of NFS or Samba shares, you may want to uncomment these lines. <code><nowiki>/net</nowiki></code> enables automounting of file systems elsewhere on the network which are exported by NFS. For example, if you have a server named <code><nowiki>fileserver</nowiki></code> with an NFS export directory called <code><nowiki>/export</nowiki></code>, you can mount it by typing in a shell command line <code><nowiki>cd /net/fileserver/export</nowiki></code>. In an environment with NFS file servers, such a configuration can be useful. <code><nowiki>/smb</nowiki></code> functions the same way but is for Samba file systems. However, if you need to authenticate before accessing the Samba share, automount will not function. === Wildcard characters === Let's say you have a directory with a number of subdirectories which you want to have automounted individually. An example of this is the <code><nowiki>/home</nowiki></code> directory, in which case <code><nowiki>/etc/auto.master</nowiki></code> might contain the following line: <pre><nowiki> /home /etc/auto.home </nowiki></pre> If user1 is logged in, you will want to automount his home directory. However, if you create a mount point for the whole <code><nowiki>/home</nowiki></code> directory, you will also mount the home directories of every other user at the same time, thus wasting bandwidth. One solution to this would be to create separate entries for each directory, as follows: <pre><nowiki> # /etc/auto.home user1 server:/home/user1 user2 server:/home/user2 user3 server:/home/user3 </nowiki></pre> This works, but is cumbersome. Instead, you can use wildcard characters, as follows: <pre><nowiki> * server:/home/& </nowiki></pre> The asterisk (*) is used in place of the mount point and the ampersand (&) in place of the directory to be mounted. For more detail on the use of wildcards see [http://docs.hp.com/en/B1031-90061/ch03s15.html Using Wildcard Characters as Shortcuts in AutoFS Maps]. [[category:UbuntuHelp]]
该页面使用的模板:
模板:From
(
查看源代码
)
模板:Languages
(
查看源代码
)(受保护)
模板:Languages/Lang
(
查看源代码
)(受保护)
返回
特殊:Badtitle/NS100:Autofs
。
导航菜单
页面操作
页面
讨论
阅读
查看源代码
历史
页面操作
页面
讨论
更多
工具
个人工具
登录
导航
首页
最近更改
随机页面
页面分类
帮助
搜索
编辑
编辑指南
沙盒
新闻动态
字词处理
工具
链入页面
相关更改
特殊页面
页面信息