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= ''''' Ubuntu 8.10 (Intrepid Ibex) ''''' = '''Ubuntu Intrepid Ibex, the successor to [[Ubuntu:Hardy|Hardy Heron]] was released in October 30th of 2008. Please help test and perfect this guide.''' This guide was started by [[User:Jiyuu0|Chua Wen Kiat]] (Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia). It is now being maintained by the [http://linux.edu.lv/index.php?newlang=english Linux Center] of [http://www.lu.lv/eng/ University of Latvia], and everyone else who is willing to contribute. __TOC__ == ''''' Preface ''''' == === About Intrepid === * Ubuntu 8.10发行于2008年10月30日。 * It is code named Intrepid Ibex and is the successor to [[Ubuntu:Hardy|Ubuntu 8.04 Hardy Heron]]. * The primary focuses of this release are on improving the desktop experience by improving performance, introducing a new default theme and making internet access pervasive and simple or unnecessary to configure manually. [https://lists.ubuntu.com/archives/ubuntu-devel/2008-February/025136.html Mark Shuttleworth's Introduction Message] ===Ubuntu Wallpaper=== Download free at [https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Artwork/Incoming/Intrepid/Earthenibex_wallpaper wiki.ubuntu] ===Simple Guide How to Upgrade Ubuntu 8.04 (Hardy Heron) to Ubuntu 8.10 (Intrepid Ibex)=== If you want to upgrade ubuntu 8.04 to ubuntu 8.10 use this simple tutorial [http://www.ubuntugeek.com/upgrade-ubuntu-804-hardy-heron-to-ubuntu-810-intrepid-ibix.html Upgrade Guide] === About Package Management === Ubuntu uses packages called "debs" that are related to each other via a large network of dependency and conflict relationships. Packages installed or removed via this system ensure that the appropriate files are installed, configured and removed automatically. Where possible it is best to utilize this system instead of installing software manually or via custom installation scripts. Most software is available in the Ubuntu software repositories and additional "personal package archives" can be added if more modern versions of particular software is needed. === How to find out what version of Ubuntu you're using === Use this command: lsb_release -a === How to find out the Kernel version of the Ubuntu release you're using === Use this command: uname -r === Newer Versions of Ubuntu === * Ubuntu uses a six month release cycle * These releases occur in April and October * The next release is scheduled for the April, 2009 and will be Ubuntu 9.04 (Jaunty Jackelope) which is Intrepid+1. === About Ubuntu and Official Ubuntu Derivatives === ==== Ubuntu 8.10 Guides and Links ==== *[http://www.ubuntu.com/ Ubuntu Official Website] *[http://www.ubuntu.com/products/whatisubuntu Official About Ubuntu Page] *[http://ubuntuforums.org/ Official Ubuntu Forums] *[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuntu_(Linux_distribution) Wikipedia: Ubuntu (Linux Distribution)] *[http://www.ubuntugeek.com/ Ubuntu Geek includes Tips,Howtos,Tutorials and Articles about Ubuntu Linux] ====Other *buntu guides==== * [http://www.kubuntuguide.org Kubuntuguide] * [http://www.xubuntuguide.org Xubuntuguide] ==== Ubuntu Screenshots ==== [http://phorolinux.com/ubuntu-810-intrepid-ibex-alpha-1-screenshots.html Ubuntu 8.10 Alpha 1 Screenshots Gallery] view modified theme and wallpaper here:[http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_XPprPZOMI5E/SPDLNizIXlI/AAAAAAAAAKs/4IlXHcRzzJQ/s1600-h/Screenshot.png] ==Dual-Booting Windows and Ubuntu== Rarely, a user may experience problems dual-booting Ubuntu and Windows. In general, a Windows OS should be installed first, because its bootloader is very particular. The Windows partition can be resized from within Windows Vista (using the shrink/resize option in the Administrative Tools --> Disk Management tool), or if using Windows XP, by using [http://gparted.sourceforge.net/index.php Gparted partition manager]. If done this way, there is no problem installing Ubuntu as the second operating system and it is done automatically from the Ubuntu LiveCD. Alternatives include: *[http://www.wubi-installer.org/ Wubi] (Windows-based Ubuntu Installer), an officially supported dual-boot installer. *[http://neosmart.net/dl.php?id=1 EasyBCD], a free Windows-based program that makes it [http://neosmart.net/wiki/display/EBCD/Ubuntu easy to dual-boot Windows Vista and Ubuntu] (amongst other distros). ==Dual-Booting Mac OS X and Ubuntu== Mac OS X is a popular Unix-like (it is BSD based) and stable OS that has a similar structure to Linux. ===Installing Mac OS X after Ubuntu=== If you decide to dual boot with this OS, a very important thing you must do during the Ubuntu installation is choose Ext2 as your partition type. For this you must have Super Grub Disk's cd before installing. You can find SGD at *[http://supergrub.forjamari.linex.org http://supergrub.forjamari.linex.org], Once you've downloaded it burn it to disc. If you have already installed Ubuntu, add this to intrepid's menu.lst (sudo gedit /boot/grub/menu.lst) title Mac OSX root (hd0,0) makeactive chainloader +1 Reboot your Mac and go to the terminal in Max OSX. If you have any issues botting, insert your Mac OSX DVD. Press F8 and enter -s. Insert the code below once the verbose output has finished. fdisk -e /dev/rdisk0 flag 2 <--note that flag 2 is my Mac partition number two quit y reboot If are still unsure whether it is working correctly, insert the Super Grub Disk and make grub active. ===Installing Ubuntu after Mac OS X=== If you get an error message during boot such as HFS+error in the bootloader. The Super Grub Disk is a useful tool for recovering Linux GRUB and the Windows MBR(Master Boot Record). Add this to your intrepid's menu.lst (sudo gedit /boot/grub/menu.lst) title Mac OSX root (hd0,0) makeactive chainloader +1 The Menu.lst attached here is an example. If you have issues with Mac OSX or Windows in GRUB, choose Mac OSX in the GRUB menu, then edit it by pressing: e on title macosx, change root (hd0,0) to root (hd0,1) This means you will boot into partition number 1. Press enter and: b You will boot to mac OSX or Windows. If there is still a problem, you can try any partition number. [http://linux-guider.blogspot.com/search/label/mac%20osx mac osx guide] === About sources.list for Ubuntu Intrepid Ibex === ==== Definitions ==== There are four major parts of the package repositories in Ubuntu. * main - Supported by Canonical, this is the major part of the distribution. * restricted - Software not licensed under the GPL or similar, supported by Canonical. * universe - Software licensed under the GPL or similar, supported by users. * multiverse - Software not licensed under the GPL or similar, supported by users. These names are also of interest. * intrepid-updates - Updates to official packages. * intrepid-backports - Current version software from Intrepid+1 backported to Intrepid Ibex. * intrepid-proposed - Proposed updates & changes (bleeding edge stuff). ==== Manual Method for Adding Repositories==== * Create a backup of your current list of sources. sudo cp -p /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list_backup * Open the list of sources in a text editor Ubuntu users: sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list * Replace everything with the following lines ==== sources.list example ==== ## UBUNTU REPOSITORIES deb http://se.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu intrepid main restricted deb http://se.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu intrepid universe multiverse deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu intrepid-security main restricted deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu intrepid-security universe multiverse deb http://se.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu intrepid-updates main restricted deb http://se.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu intrepid-updates universe multiverse deb http://se.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu intrepid-backports main restricted deb http://se.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu intrepid-backports universe multiverse #proposed - unstable #deb http://se.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu intrepid-proposed main restricted #deb http://se.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu intrepid-proposed multiverse universe ## Source based install, mostly unnecessary #deb-src http://se.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu intrepid main restricted #deb-src http://se.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu intrepid universe multiverse #deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu intrepid-security main restricted #deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu intrepid-security universe multiverse # #deb-src http://se.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu intrepid-updates main restricted #deb-src http://se.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu intrepid-updates universe multiverse #deb-src http://se.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu intrepid-backports main restricted #deb-src http://se.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu intrepid-backports universe multiverse ==Ubuntu Server== The Ubuntu Server edition allows automatic installation of several types of servers: A [[#LAMP server|LAMP stack]], a DNS server (bind9), a mail server (postfix with dovecot), a virtual machine host (Xen), and more. ===LAMP Server=== During Ubuntu Server installation, you will have the option of installing a LAMP (Linux, Apache, MySQL, pHp) server stack. Many (but not all) open source servers use this integrated server stack. Drupal, for example, needs to have a LAMP server installed. If you intend to install a groupware server, however, make sure it is compatible with a LAMP server stack before choosing this option. Many groupware servers will install LAMP (or their own variation) automatically, so you do not need to install the LAMP stack. Others used postgreSQL instead of MySQL, so you would not want to install a LAMP server. To install the LAMP server stack, merely check the box at installation. You will be prompted for a MySQL password. For more details, see [http://www.ubuntugeek.com/step-by-step-ubuntu-810-intrepid-ibex-lamp-server-setup.html Ubuntu Intrepid LAMP Server]. If you want a GUI for your server, see this [http://www.ubuntugeek.com/ubuntu-serverinstall-gui-and-webmin-in-ubuntu-810-intrepid-ibex-guide.html Ubuntugeek guide]. ===Cacti Monitoring Server=== [http://www.cacti.net/ Cacti] is a complete, free open source network graphing solution designed to harness the power of [http://oss.oetiker.ch/rrdtool/ RRDTool]’s data storage and graphing functionality. Cacti provides a fast poller, advanced graph templating, multiple data acquisition methods, and user management features out of the box. It uses MySQL and PHP (part of the LAMP server stack). All of this is wrapped in an intuitive, easy to use interface that makes sense for LAN-sized installations up to complex networks with hundreds of devices. For more info see [http://www.ubuntugeek.com/install-and-configure-cacti-monitoring-tool-in-ubuntu-810-intrepid-ibex-server.html Cacti Server Setup]. ===Apache2 Webserver with PHP and Perl support=== To install an Apache webserver (but not the entire LAMP stack) with both PHP and Perl CGI support, see [http://www.ubuntugeek.com/how-to-install-apache2-webserver-with-phpcgi-and-perl-support-in-ubuntu-server.html this guide]. ===SugarCRM Server=== [http://www.sugarcrm.com/crm/ SugarCRM] is a commercial customer relationship management (CRM) platform and groupware server (sales, marketing, support, project management, calendaring) system with a community edition. It supports MySQL and MS SQL databases. For more info see [http://www.ubuntugeek.com/install-sugarcrm-community-edition-in-ubuntu-810-server.html SugarCRM Server Setup]. ==Wireless adapters== A lot of wireless devices should work out of the box. They can be configured using the networking tool: :System -> Administration -> Network ===Atheros Cards=== Atheros Wireless cards may work automatically with the new kernel, after installing the following package: sudo apt-get install madwifi-tools The Atheros 802.11 b/g integrated card on my laptop did not work, however, until I installed the drivers manually. *Download the latest [http://snapshots.madwifi.org/ 'snapshot' driver from Madwifi]. When I was doing it, the version was: madwifi-hal-0.10.5.6-current.tar.gz *Extract the files *Make sure your linux headers and build-essential packages are installed: sudo apt-get install build-essential sudo apt-get install linux-headers-$(uname -r) *Unload any drivers already running. sudo ifconfig ath0 down sudo ifconfig wifi0 down *Change to the directory where you extracted the driver. cd <directory_where_driver_unzipped> *From that directory, run the installation scripts: cd scripts sudo ./madwifi-unload sudo ./find-madwifi-modules.sh $(uname -r) cd .. *Complete the installation by compiling the source and installing it. sudo make sudo make install *Add the installed drivers to your system. sudo modprobe ath_pci Following this, Network Manager was able to see the wireless card and I was able to configure everything else (WEP / WPA key, etc.) from there. Complete instructions are available at [http://madwifi.org/wiki/UserDocs/FirstTimeHowTo MadWifi UserDocs]. ====Atheros AR242x==== This chipset doesn't work out of the box in Intrepid. Here is an alternate [http://madberry.org/2008/11/how-to-get-atheros-ar242x-to-work-on-810-intrepid-ibex/ how to] to get it to work if the above method doesn't work. ==Internet Broadband Connection== An EVDO broadband wireless connection (GPRS, EDGE, UMTS and HSDPA) connects to the Internet directly through a USB, PC Card, wireless broadband router, or bluetooth card. ===he220r1 release=== he220r1 was made especially for the huawei E220 usb modem but it also supports other 3G devices including mobile phones. The he220r1 was developed for Ubuntu. See the [http://huaweie220.blogspot.com/2008/10/he220r1-for-ubuntu-based.html he220r1 blog]. He220r1 will set up ttyUSB0, ttyACM0, ttySHSF0, ttySL0, ttynoz0, ttytts0, ttyircomm0, tty0 and ttyifcomm0 in the /dev directory of Ubuntu. Use Kppp, Gppp, network applet, vodafone-mobile-connect-card-driver-for Linux and UMTSMON to connect. You will find the he220r1 download at: *[http://www.wikiupload.com/download_page.php?id=65521 wiki] *[http://www.filefactory.com/file/2a5ec3/n/he220r1-for-ubuntu_tar_gz filefactory] *[http://www.savefile.com/files/1830364 savefile] *[http://www.2shared.com/file/4068697/de789423/he220r1-for-ubuntutar.html 2shared] torrent version: (might be slow) *[http://www.savefile.com/files/1830376 mirror 1] *[http://www.filefactory.com/file/0224fb/n/he220r1_torrent mirror2] == Graphics cards and displays == ==== xorg.conf ==== Before installing any driver for ATI or nvidia, please make backup xorg.conf before following this method. sudo cp /etc/X11/xorg.conf /home/user If you have edited this file but would like it to be automatically updated again, run the following command: sudo dpkg-reconfigure -phigh xserver-xorg If you want to try this xorg.conf after installing the driver, you must back up your xorg.conf as following. And then, edit /etc/X11/xorg.conf in text editor. '''Add or modify''' this xorg.conf sample. =====xorg.conf for nvidia ===== Section "Screen" Identifier "Default Screen" Device "Configured Video Device" Monitor "Configured Monitor" SubSection "Display" Depth 16 Modes "1280x1024" "1024x768" Option "AddARGBGLXVisuals" "True" EndSubSection Option "AddARGBGLXVisuals" "True" Defaultdepth 24 EndSection Section "Module" Load "glx" Load "GLcore" Load "v4l" EndSection Section "Device" Identifier "Configured Video Device" Boardname "vesa" Busid "PCI:1:0:0" Driver "nvidia" Screen 0 EndSection Section "Device" Identifier "Device0" BoardName "Generic Geforce 5500" Driver "nvidia" Vendorname "NVIDIA Corporation" Option "DualHead" "1" Option "ShadowFB" "1" Option "FPScale" "1" Option "TwinView" "True" Option "TwinViewOrientation" "RightOf" Option "UseEdidFreqs" "True" Option "Metamodes" "1024x768,1024x768" Option "UseDisplayDevice" "DFP" EndSection Section "Device" Identifier "Videocard0" Driver "nv" VendorName "NVIDIA Corporation" BoardName "GeForce 7600 GT" EndSection Section "InputDevice" Identifier "Generic Keyboard" Driver "kbd" Option "XkbRules" "xorg" Option "XkbModel" "pc105" Option "XkbLayout" "us" EndSection Section "InputDevice" Identifier "Configured Mouse" Driver "mouse" EndSection Section "ServerLayout" Identifier "Default Layout" screen 0 "Default Screen" 0 0 EndSection Section "Extensions" Option "Composite" "Enable" EndSection === Installation of ATI and nVidia Graphics drivers === ==== NVidia Driver ==== If you have problems with Nvidia drivers after upgrading, check [http://www.ubuntugeek.com/step-by-step-ubuntu-810-intrepid-ibex-lamp-server-setup.html This] guide for common solutions to problems with nvidia. *Please make a backup of xorg.conf before following this method. Install the nvidia-settings package: sudo apt-get install nvidia-settings Download Nvidia driver at [http://www.nvidia.com/Download/index.aspx?lang=en-us http://www.nvidia.com/Download/index.aspx?lang=en-us] and place it at your home directory. After downloading, close all open windows and press F1. Log in and enter password and then just connect to the internet. Press F2, kill gdm or kdm season by entering sudo killall <your desktop manager>, example: sudo killall gdm Install the nvidia driver. Make sure you are in the nvidia driver directory. If you downloaded it and placed it on the Desktop, make sure to change directories first. cd Desktop To install it, enter /NVIDIA-Linux-x**-***.**-pkg1.run. For example, if you downloaded Nvidia version 173.80: sudo ./NVIDIA-Linux-x86-173.80-pkg1.run choose yes to any verbose response. After you are finished installing the driver, reboot your computer. sudo reboot ==== ATI Driver ==== ==Dock on Ubuntu Intrepid== Avant window manager and wbar are beautiful dock applications for linux. They are already used by gOS as the default dock. ===avant window manager=== 1.The Software you need to install is: sudo apt-get install avant-window-navigator-bzr xfwm4 xcompmgr awn-core-applets-bzr awn-manager-bzr compiz compizconfig-settings-manager libawn-bzr-dev libawn0-bzr 2. This will install important packages for awn settings. After installing, open menu-system-preferences-sessions. Add new sessions: compiz xcompmgr xfwm4 avant-window-navigator-delay 4. close sessions after you've finished editing. 5. Now open system-preferences-awn manager, in the General tab, check the box to automatically start awn..., Whilst still in awn manager, choose Applets dialogue and activate stacks applet at least 3 items. And now you can choose other applets. 6. Close awn manager. (Whilst it updates, your desktop may freeze.) 7. Press Alt+F2 and insert the following: compiz xcompmgr avant-window-navigator Another way 1. Include sources. Open your terminal, type the command echo 'deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/reacocard-awn/ubuntu intrepid main' | sudo tee -a /etc/apt/sources.list echo 'deb-src http://ppa.launchpad.net/reacocard-awn/ubuntu intrepid main' | sudo tee -a /etc/apt/sources.list 2.Then update the source sudo apt-get update 3.Install package sudo apt-get install avant-window-navigator-bzr awn-core-applets-bzr awn-manager-bzr xfwm4 xcompmgr libawn-bzr-dev libawn0-bzr ===wbar=== Find wbar in synaptic (need to update your repo first). After installed libimlib2-dev and wbar, start wbar with your initial settings, press alt+F2: wbar -isize 48 -j 1 -p bottom -balfa 40 -bpress -nanim 3 -z 2.5 -above-desk ====Configure wbar==== First off, be sure to look at: wbar --help It lists all the options available. Heres the line I use to open mine, look at the screen shot below: wbar -above-desk -pos bottom -isize 60 -nanim 1 -bpress -jumpf 0.0 -zoomf 1.5 Note: If you want the "wave" effect just increase the -nanim value, I like the icons to just pop up so I don't use it, with 9 icons 5 is a nice "wave" effect. Note the paths are all absolute, do that and your font and image problems are solved. If you can't see hidden folder, just enter ctrl + h on home/user nautilus. If you can't find .wbar directory, maybe you can gedit it here:: sudo gedit /usr/share/wbar/dot.wbar [http://linux-guider.blogspot.com/2008/09/wbar-another-cute-dock.html more wbar-guide] ==Internet== ===How to install Skype (x32) in Ubuntu (x64)=== Installing Ubuntu Skype 8.10 x64 operating system. As is known to Skype is tailored to the x86 (32-bit OS) operating system, but it is easy to install and on the x64 (64-bit OS) system. First, we need to install the necessary packages. Write a terminal command: sudo apt-get install ia32-libs lib32asound2 libqt4-core libqt4-gui We need receive skype.deb the package. Write a terminal command (Could be sent manually from the manufacturer's page): wget -O skype-install.deb http://www.skype.com/go/getskype-linux-ubuntu Install Skype: sudo dpkg -i --force-architecture skype-install.deb Starting Skype Application->Internet->Skype. ==Multimedia== ===Playing VCD on VLC=== How to play VCDs: Open file, In the Open Disc dialogue, click at Disc tab and chosing VCD at disc type gives me this: vcdx:///dev/hdd :audio-track=0 in the advanced options /dev/hdd is my CD-ROM drive, obviously. Remove x and change that to: vcd:///dev/hdd :audio-track=0 == Add-on Applications == === How to install applications for study of religious texts === * For study of Bible see [http://gnomesword.sourceforge.net/ GnomeSword] * For study of Quran see [http://zekr.org/ Zekr] ==== How to install Gnomesword (Bible study program) ==== *This installs the english version of the program. sudo apt-get install gnomesword sword-language-pack-en sword-text-web *If you require other languages type: sudo apt-cache search bible *Take a look at the sword-language-pack's and the sword-text's for additional languages and install as needed. Gnomesword is found under Applications-->Accessories. ==== How to install Zekr (Quran study tool) ==== [http://zekr.org/ Zekr] is an open platform Quran study tool for simply browsing and researching on the Quran. * Make sure that You have enabled universe and multiverse Ubuntu repositories. * Install zekr with the following command: sudo apt-get install zekr zekr-quran-translations-en ttf-sil-scheherazade ttf-farsiweb * You can add more Quran translations from [http://zekr.org/quran/translations here]. * If you like to upgrade to '''the latest stable version of zekr''', which supports Quran Recitation and advanced boolean/regular expression search, follow instructions available at [http://www.zekr.org/wiki/index.php?title=Installation#Ubuntu.2FDebian Zekr wiki]. === Add Ubuntu Desktop to windows Active directory and integrate windows AD with Smba server === Likewise Open is a free, open source application that joins Linux, Unix, and Mac machines to Microsoft Active Directory and securely authenticates users with their domain credentials. [http://www.ubuntugeek.com/how-to-add-ubuntu-804-to-win-server-2003-active-directory-domain.html This] Tutorial How to add Ubuntu to win server Active Directory Domain [http://www.ubuntugeek.com/how-to-integrate-windows-active-directory-and-samba-in-ubuntu.html This] Tutorial How to Integrate windows Active Directory and Samba in Ubuntu == Tips and Trick== ===Freeze=== There are many tricks to try to fix a frozen PC. Press Alt+F2, and use killall to end the frozen application. Example: killall amarok killall firefox Another trick to try is pressing Alt+Ctrl+backspace. This will log you out. But, what happens if this does not work? Try pressing Ctrl+Alt+F1,login, enter your password and run: sudo killall gdm sudo startx ===Enable to see hidden file=== Open nautilus, press: Ctrl+ H ===alien=== To keep alien from changing the version number, use the following command alien -k rpm_file_name.rpm Convert the package.rpm into a package.deb alien -d package-name.rpm Convert the package.rpm into a package.deb, and install the generated package alien -i package-name.rpm To convert .rpm to debian sudo alien -k *.rpm === Keyboard errors in VMware guest === After installing VMWare 6.5, and installing a guest OS, the Function, arrow and Del/End/etc keys do not function. This is a bug with VMWare´s code. Add this line to ~/.vmware/config (create file if necessary) to fix this issue: xkeymap.nokeycodeMap = true ==Requests== Place your request here. Webcam support - gspca, and iSight (without hanging in the boot with usb errors, after installing firmware) *Request 1. How to set static ip address/dealing with network manager not keeping static settings in this release.
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