查看“Mailman”的源代码

== Mailman 安装配置 ==

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'''This guide explains how to setup [http://www.list.org/ Mailman] mailing list software with the apache web server and the exim mail server in Ubuntu. The intended audience is experienced linux users and system administrators.'''

'''本向导将向您介绍如何在Ubuntu下使用apache网络服务器系统以及exim电子邮件服务器系统安装配置Mailman电子邮件收发软件。此向导只针对有经验的linux用户以及系统管理员。 '''

=== Introduction（引言） ===
If you are new to Mailman, this section provides a quick introduction to Mailman.

假如这是您第一次接触Mailman，本章的内容或许可以对您起到抛砖引玉的作用。

Mailman is an open source program for managing electronic mail discussions and e-newsletter lists. Many open source mailing lists (including all the [http://lists.ubuntu.com Ubuntu mailing lists]) use Mailman as their mailing list software. It is powerful, easy to install and easy to maintain.

Mailman是一个专门用于管理电邮讨论群以及newsletter的开源软件。有许多开源的mailinglist（包括[http://lists.ubuntu.com Ubuntu mailing list]）使用Mailman作为创建mailing list的工具。Mailman功能强大，易于安装及维护。

=== Assumptions（安装前的须知） ===
It is assumed that you know how to run linux commands, edit files, and start and stop services in the linux system. It is also assumed that you have administrative access to an Ubuntu system, that you have internet connection and that you have configured /etc/apt/sources.list.

您必须保证您熟悉如何执行linux命令，如何编辑文件，如何在linux系统里开始以及终止服务。同时您必须是Ubuntu系统的管理员，已经连接上网，并已经预设好/etc/apt/sources.list.

=== Installation(安装) ===
Mailman provides the web interface for the administrators and users. Mailman uses an external mailserver to send/receive emails. It works perfectly with the following mailservers:

Mailman为管理员以及普通用户提供了网页界面。Mailman采用外设的电邮服务器来发送以及接受邮件，他能很好的在以下服务器下工作

* [http://www.postfix.org Postfix]
* [http://www.exim.org Exim]
* [http://www.sendmail.org Sendmail]
* [http://qmail.org/top.html Qmail]
In this section, we will see howto install mailman, apache web server and Exim or Postfix mail server. If you wish to install mailman with other mail server, please refer the references pages. The references are given at the end of this page.

在本章我们将为您介绍如何安装mailman，如何apache网络服务器以及Exim或Postfix电邮服务器。如果您需要为其他的电邮服务器安装mailman，请参考后面的特别需要指南，您将在文章的末尾处找到。

==== Apache2 ====
Apache2 is already in the repository. Install the following packages: <code><nowiki>apache2</nowiki></code> (see InstallingSoftware).

Apache2 已经在库中。请安装一下包文件：<code><nowiki>apache2</nowiki></code>(参见：安装软件|see InstallingSoftware)

==== Mail server integration（Mail 服务集成） ====
===== Exim4 =====
Exim4 is already in the repository. Install the following packages: <code><nowiki>exim4</nowiki></code> (see InstallingSoftware).

Once <code><nowiki>exim4</nowiki></code> is installed, the configuration files are stored in <code><nowiki>/etc/exim4/</nowiki></code>. In ubuntu, by default, the <code><nowiki>exim4</nowiki></code> configuration files are split accross different files. You can change this behaviour by changing the following variable in the file <code><nowiki>/etc/exim4/update-exim4.conf</nowiki></code>:

<pre><nowiki>
dc_use_split_config='true'
</nowiki></pre>
We can discuss more about exim4 configuration in next section.

If you face any problem during installation and if you are unable to solve it, please ask on the appropriate [http://lists.ubuntu.com/mailman/listinfo/ubuntu-users mailing list] for further assistance.

===== Postfix =====
Install the following packages: <code><nowiki>postfix</nowiki></code> (see InstallingSotware).

Just choose ''Internet Site'' and default options. For further details on Postfix installation, visit the [[UbuntuHelp:Postfix]] page.

==== Mailman ====
Mailman is already in the repository. Install the following packages: <code><nowiki>mailman</nowiki></code> (see InstallingSoftware).

It copies the installation files in <code><nowiki>/var/lib/mailman</nowiki></code>. It installs the cgi scripts in <code><nowiki>/usr/lib/cgi-bin/mailman</nowiki></code> directory.

It creates 'list' linux user'. It creates 'list' linux group. The mailman process would be owned by this user.

=== Configuration（配置） ===
This section assumes you have successfully completed the installation of mailman, apache and mail server. Now you just need to configure them. At the end of this section, your mailman will be ready to rock!

==== Mail server installation（邮件服务器的安装） ====
===== Exim4 integration（Exim4 集成） =====
Once exim4 is installed, you can run it using the following command:

<pre><nowiki>
# /etc/init.d/exim4 start
</nowiki></pre>
In order to make mailman work with exim4, you need to configure exim4. As mentioned earlier, by default, exim4 uses multiple configuration files of different types. For details, please refer [http://www.exim.org Exim] website.

To run mailman, we should make add new configuration file to the following configuration types:

* Main
* Transport
* Router
Exim creates a master configuration file, by sorting all these mini configuration files. So, the order of these configuration files is important.

====== Main ======
All the configuration files belonging to main type are stored in /etc/exim4/conf.d/main/ directory. You can add the following content in a new file. You may name it as 04_exim4-config_mailman::

<pre><nowiki>
# start
# Home dir for your Mailman installation -- aka Mailman's prefix
# directory.
# By default this is set to "/usr/local/mailman"
# On a Red Hat/Fedora system using the RPM use "/var/mailman"
# On Debian using the deb package use "/var/lib/mailman"
# This is normally the same as ~mailman
MM_HOME=/var/lib/mailman
#
# User and group for Mailman, should match your --with-mail-gid
# switch to Mailman's configure script.  Value is normally "mailman"
MM_UID=list
MM_GID=list
#
# Domains that your lists are in - colon separated list
# you may wish to add these into local_domains as well
domainlist mm_domains=bluestar.co.in
#
# -=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=
#
# These values are derived from the ones above and should not need
# editing unless you have munged your mailman installation
#
# The path of the Mailman mail wrapper script
MM_WRAP=MM_HOME/mail/mailman
#
# The path of the list config file (used as a required file when
# verifying list addresses)
MM_LISTCHK=MM_HOME/lists/${lc::$local_part}/config.pck
# end
</nowiki></pre>
====== Transport ======
All the configuration files belonging to transport type are stored in /etc/exim4/conf.d/transport/ directory. You can add the following content in a new file. You may name it as 40_exim4-config_mailman::

<pre><nowiki>
mailman_transport:
driver = pipe
command = MM_WRAP \
'${if def:local_part_suffix \
{${sg{$local_part_suffix}{-(\\w+)(\\+.*)?}{\$1\}\}\} \
{post}}' \
$local_part
current_directory = MM_HOME
home_directory = MM_HOME
user = MM_UID
group = MM_GID
</nowiki></pre>
'''IMPORTANT: In the above configuration, in line no 5, i've escaped three braces (\}\}\}) to make it compatible with this document. Please unescape it when you save this file. '''

====== Router ======
All the configuration files belonging to router type are stored in /etc/exim4/conf.d/router/ directory. You can add the following content in a new file. You may name it as 101_exim4-config_mailman::

<pre><nowiki>
mailman_router:
driver = accept
require_files = MM_HOME/lists/$local_part/config.pck
local_part_suffix_optional
local_part_suffix = -bounces : -bounces+* : \
-confirm+* : -join : -leave : \
-owner : -request : -admin
transport = mailman_transport
</nowiki></pre>
'''IMPORTANT:''' The order of main and transport configuration files can be in any order. But, the order of router configuration files must be in the same order. This particular file, must appear before <code><nowiki>200_exim4-config_primary</nowiki></code> file. These two configuration files contain same type of information. The first file takes the precedence. For more details, please refer to the [http://www.exim.org exim] website or the references section in this page.

===== Postfix integration =====
For this integration, we will associates the domain <code><nowiki>lists.example.com</nowiki></code> with the mailing lists. As a consequence, the domain will be reserved for the mailing-list traffic. You can nevertheless have a website to this domain (usually, the domain <code><nowiki>lists.example.com</nowiki></code> is used by the mailing list system and for the mailman web interface).

Edit the <code><nowiki>main.cf</nowiki></code> to add the following lines:

<pre><nowiki>
relay_domains = lists.example.com
transport_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/transport
mailman_destination_recipient_limit = 1
</nowiki></pre>
In <code><nowiki>master.cf</nowiki></code> check that you ever have the following transport:

<pre><nowiki>
mailman   unix  -       n       n       -       -       pipe
flags=FR user=list argv=/usr/lib/mailman/bin/postfix-to-mailman.py
${nexthop} ${user}
</nowiki></pre>
It calls the <code><nowiki>postfix-to-mailman.py</nowiki></code> script when a mail is delivered to a list.

Associate the domain <code><nowiki>lists.example.com</nowiki></code> to the <code><nowiki>mailman</nowiki></code> transport with the transport map. Edit the file <code><nowiki>/etc/postfix/transport</nowiki></code>:

<pre><nowiki>
lists.example.com      mailman:
</nowiki></pre>
Do not forget to launch <code><nowiki>postmap -v /etc/postfix/transport</nowiki></code> after this modification.

That's all ! It is very easy and very efficient.

==== Mailman ====
Once mailman is installed, you should create the default mailing list. Run the following command:

<pre><nowiki>
# newlist mailman
Enter the email of the person running the list: bhuvaneswaran at NOSPAM gmail.com
Initial mailman password:
To finish creating your mailing list, you must edit your /etc/aliases (or
equivalent) file by adding the following lines, and possibly running the
`newaliases' program:
## mailman mailing list
mailman:              "|/var/lib/mailman/mail/mailman post mailman"
mailman-admin:        "|/var/lib/mailman/mail/mailman admin mailman"
mailman-bounces:      "|/var/lib/mailman/mail/mailman bounces mailman"
mailman-confirm:      "|/var/lib/mailman/mail/mailman confirm mailman"
mailman-join:         "|/var/lib/mailman/mail/mailman join mailman"
mailman-leave:        "|/var/lib/mailman/mail/mailman leave mailman"
mailman-owner:        "|/var/lib/mailman/mail/mailman owner mailman"
mailman-request:      "|/var/lib/mailman/mail/mailman request mailman"
mailman-subscribe:    "|/var/lib/mailman/mail/mailman subscribe mailman"
mailman-unsubscribe:  "|/var/lib/mailman/mail/mailman unsubscribe mailman"
Hit enter to notify mailman owner...
#
</nowiki></pre>
Once mailman is installed and the default mailing list created, you can run it using the following command:

<pre><nowiki>
# /etc/init.d/mailman start
</nowiki></pre>
We have configured exim and postfix to recognize all emails from mailman. So, it's not mandatory to make any new entries in /etc/aliases.

If you have made any changes to the configuration files, please ensure that you restart those services, before continuing to next section.

=== Administration ===
==== Web administration ====
In this section, we assume you have done the default installation. The mailman cgi scripts are still in <code><nowiki>/usr/lib/cgi-bin/mailman</nowiki></code> directory.

Mailman provides web based administration facility. To access this page, point your browser to the following url: <code><nowiki>http://hostname/cgi-bin/mailman/admin</nowiki></code>

The default mailing list, 'mailman' would appear in this screen. If you click the mailing list name, it would ask for authentication password. If you enter the correct password, you would be able to change administrative settings of this mailing list.

You can create new mailing list using command line utilility (newlist). Alternatively, you can create new mailing list using web interface.

For each list, you have three web sections:

* <code><nowiki>http://hostname/cgi-bin/mailman/admin/list</nowiki></code>: admin interface for the list ''list''.
* <code><nowiki>http://hostname/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/list</nowiki></code>: user interface for the list ''list''.
* <code><nowiki>http://hostname/cgi-bin/mailman/admindb/list</nowiki></code>: pending messages waiting for approval.
==== Command line interface ====
Mailman also have a set of command line tools. Here are the most important:

* <code><nowiki>newlist</nowiki></code>: add a new list
* <code><nowiki>rmlist ''list''</nowiki></code>: delete a list
* <code><nowiki>list_lists</nowiki></code>: list all the lists
* <code><nowiki>list_members ''list''</nowiki></code>: list all the members of the list
* <code><nowiki>add_members ''user@example.com'' ''list''</nowiki></code>: add e-mail '' user@example.com ''to the list ''list''.
* <code><nowiki>remove_members ''user@example.com'' ''list''</nowiki></code>: remove e-mail '' user@example.com ''to the list ''list''
* <code><nowiki>mmsitepass</nowiki></code>: define a site password to access administration web interfaces
=== Users ===
Mailman provides web based interfaces for users. To access this page, point your browser to the following url:

* <code><nowiki> http://hostname/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo </nowiki></code>
The default mailing list, 'mailman' would appear in this screen. If you click the mailing list name, it would display the subscription form. You can enter your email address, name (optional) and password to subscribe. An email intimation would be sent to you. You can follow the instructions in the email to subscribe.

=== References ===
* [http://www.list.org/mailman-install/index.html GNU Mailman - Installation Manual]
* [http://www.exim.org/howto/mailman21.html HOWTO - Using Exim 4 and Mailman 2.1 together]
Hope this document is useful. Feedbacks are welcome to bhuvaneswaran at NOSPAM gmail.com.