查看“Wubi”的源代码

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{{From|https://wiki.ubuntu.com/WubiGuide}}
{{Translator|bt4wang}}
{{Languages|UbuntuWiki:WubiGuide}}

=== 引言 ===
https://wiki.ubuntu.com/WubiGuide?action=AttachFile&do=get&target=wubi_logo.png
==== Wubi 是什么？ ====
Wubi 是一个官方支持的 Ubuntu 安装工具，为 Windows 用户提供了一个如同安装其他 Windows 应用程序般简单而安全的安装途径。  
==== 如何使用本指南 ====
请注意本指南仅针对使用 Wubi 安装的情况；如需常规的 Ubuntu 信息，请访问更合适的资源，如 [http://help.ubuntu.com/ Ubuntu 官方文档]、[http://www.ubuntuforums.org/forumdisplay.php?f=131 ubuntuforums] 或 [http://www.ubuntuguide.org ubuntuguide]。也可访问[http://wiki.ubuntu.org.cn/ Ubuntu 中文文档]或 [http://forum.ubuntu.com.cn/ Ubuntu 中文论坛]。
您可登录 [http://wubi-installer.org Wubi 官方网站]获取 Wubi 的常规信息。或许您也会对 [http://www.ubuntuforums.org/forumdisplay.php?f=234 Wubi 论坛]的内容感兴趣。

=== Installation ===
==== How do I install Ubuntu? ====
Run wubi, insert a password for the new account, and click "install". The installation process from this point is fully automatic. The installation files (700MB) will be downloaded and checked, after which you will be asked to reboot. Do so and select Ubuntu at the boot screen. The installation will continue for another 10-15 minutes and the machine will reboot again. This is it. Now you can select Ubuntu at the boot screen and start using it.
https://wiki.ubuntu.com/WubiGuide?action=AttachFile&do=get&target=wubi-123.png
The standard installation has default settings that will work for most people. 
==== How do I select whether to run Windows or Ubuntu? ====
When you reboot you can choose to run Windows or Ubuntu.
https://wiki.ubuntu.com/WubiGuide?action=AttachFile&do=get&target=boot-screen.jpg
==== How do I install on a machine with no internet connection? ====
Wubi works with a physical Ubuntu Desktop 8.04.1 Live CD. Wubi.exe is available on the CD itself.
If you do not have a CD, try to find a computer with internet access, and download both Wubi and the required ISO:
* http://wubi-installer.org/latest.php
* http://releases.ubuntu.com/8.04.1
Then copy both files within the same folder on the machine with no internet acces. Then run the Wubi executable. If you have internet access on the machine where you plan to install Ubuntu, you only need Wubi (the first link), Wubi will automatically download the other file as required. 
==== Where do I find older versions of Wubi? ====
Here: http://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.php?group_id=198355
==== How can I use a manually downloaded ISO? ====
You need to download the appropriate ISO of the appropriate version. Place the ISO in the same folder where you have Wubi-X.XX.X.exe. Then run Wubi.
* Wubi 8.04.1 requires the 8.04.1 DESKTOP ISO available here http://releases.ubuntu.com/8.04.1/
* Wubi 8.04 requires the 8.04 DESKTOP ISO available here http://releases.ubuntu.com/8.04/
* Wubi 7.10 requires the 7.10 DESKTOP ISO available here http://releases.ubuntu.com/7.10/
* Wubi 7.04 requires the 7.04 ALTERNATE ISO available here http://releases.ubuntu.com/7.04/
Note that you need a CD ISO. A DVD ISO may not work.
==== Why is the AMD64 version of Ubuntu getting downloaded and installed? ====
You probably have a 64 bit machine; the AMD64 installation is appropriate for all 64 bit architectures whether AMD or Intel.
==== Can I force Wubi to download and install a 32 bit version of Ubuntu? ====
Yes either pre-download the appropriate 32 bit ISO manually and place it in the same folder as Wubi.exe or start Wubi with the "--32bit" argument.
==== Can I force Wubi to install even if I have <= 256MB of memory? ====
Yes start Wubi with the argument "--skipmemorycheck". The installer may not work in such conditions.
==== Can I force Wubi to install even if I have < 5GB of free disk space? ====
Yes start Wubi with the argument "--skipspacecheck". 3GB are needed though (plus the space for ISO), do not stretch that...
==== Can I force Wubi to skip the md5 checks? ====
Yes start Wubi with the argument "--skipmd5check".
==== What Operating Systems are supported? ====
Windows Vista, XP, and 2000 are known to be working fine with Wubi. Windows 98 should also work, but it has not been thoroughly tested. Windows ME is not supported. Linux is supported through Lubi http://lubi.sourceforge.net/.
==== What happens if the installation gets interrupted? ====
You will have to run Wubi again from within Windows (which in turns might force you to uninstall first).
=== Upgrading ===
Upgrading from 7.04 to 7.10 is NOT supported, due to the fundamental differences between 7.04 and 7.10. The best route is to uninstall and install Wubi-8.04 (you can save the old installation files and access them from 8.04) or [http://lubi.sourceforge.net/lvpm.html move your 7.04 installation to a dedicated partition via LVPM], then [http://www.ubuntu.com/getubuntu/upgrading upgrade using the standard upgrade-manager tool].
Upgrading from 7.10 to 8.04 might work, but it has not been tested yet. 
Upgrading from 8.04 to 8.10 will be fully supported.
=== Uninstallation ===
==== How do I uninstall Wubi? ====
Run the uninstaller in add-remove programs. Or use C:\ubuntu\uninstall.exe.
https://wiki.ubuntu.com/WubiGuide?action=AttachFile&do=get&target=wubi-uninstall.png
If the uninstaller fails (Wubi rev 505), try downloading and running [[UbuntuWiki:attachment:Uninstall-Ubuntu.exe|attachment:Uninstall-Ubuntu.exe]].
==== How do I manually uninstall Wubi? ====
Remove C:\ubuntu (C:\wubi in 7.04) and C:\wubildr*. 
In Windows XP you need to edit C:\boot.ini and delete the Ubuntu/Wubi line. For Vista, you can use EasyBCD to edit the boot menu. Alternatively you can modify the boot menu via control_panel > system > advanced > startup_and_recovery and pressing "Edit". For Windows 98 you have to edit C:\config.sys, and remove the Wubi block.
To remove Wubi from the add/remove list, delete the registry key: HKLM\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Uninstall\Wubi
==== How do I reinstall Wubi? ====
Run Wubi.exe again. Wubi will detect that there is an existing installation and you will be shown an option to uninstall. You probably want to backup the installation files (the ISO) in order to avoid to have to download them again. Note that when you reinstall, the system virtual drive (root.disk) is reset.
=== Unsupported set-ups ===
==== Software raid arrays ====
Software raid arrays 0 and 1 are not supported. They will be supported in the 8.10 release. Note that some "hardware" raids, are in fact software ones. 
==== Encrypted disks ====
Encrypted disks are not supported.
==== Windows ME ====
Windows ME is not supported. 
==== Proxy server ====
Wubi does not support http proxies, which will result in the download failing, you will have to download the ISO manually as explained above and place it in the same directory as Wubi.exe.
==== DVD and Alternate ISO ====
DVD and Alternate ISO/CDs are not supported. The ISO must be an 8.04 CD Desktop ISO (let Wubi get one for you). For Wubi 8.04.1 the 8.04.1 Desktop ISO is required.
=== Troubleshooting ===
NOTE: Wubi 8.04.1 is now available here: http://wubi-installer.org this addresses most of the following issues that emerged after the 8.04 release. So if you have installation problems with 8.04 it is recommended to try 8.04.1 first. Note that it requires a new 8.04.1 desktop ISO available from http://releases.ubuntu.com/8.04.1/, you will not be able to reuse the 8.04 CD/ISO with 8.04.1. 
==== Cannot access the CD ====
This sometimes happens when a DVD media/drive is used and/or if the CD is corrupted and/or if the support is of poor quality and/or the CD/DVD is not finalized. Wubi does not require a physical CD, download wubi from http://wubi-installer.org and run it without the CD in the tray. If you have already downloaded the ISO file, place the ISO in the same directory as Wubi.exe.
==== Cannot boot into Ubuntu ====
Ubuntu cannot be booted if Windows has not been shut down cleanly, you have to clear the Windows filesystem  from Windows (there is no chkdsk equivalent for Linux yet). If Wubi fails to start, boot into windows, run chkdsk /r from windows on the same drive where you have installed Ubuntu, shutdown cleanly and then try to boot into Ubuntu again. 
Make sure you did not install on a RAID array or in an encrypted disk. Also make sure you did not install using an Alternate or DVD ISO.
==== Other boot or video problems ====
Some hardware is not fully compatible and Wubi will freeze upon booting (ACPI) and/or you may experience video problems. Those are not Wubi specific issues. There are generally special parameters that are required to enable workarounds for such hardware. If you press ESC at boot after selecting "Ubuntu" you will se a menu with more boot options. If the workarounds do the trick, we encourage you to notify the developers, so that a long-term solution can be investigated. 
For more boot options, once in the grub4dos menu, hit 'e' to edit the first line. Next select the second line and hit 'e' again. Input 'irqpoll' towards the end of the bootline. Then hit 'enter' and then 'b' to boot. Another option that might help is 'all_generic_ide'.
==== Installation error while formatting the swap file ====
If the installation fails while formatting the swap virtual disk it means that your drive is excessively fragmented. Uninstall, run jkdefrag on the target drive, then run wubi again.
==== Cannot uninstall Ubuntu ====
If you used Wubi rev 505, the uninstaller may fail if you installed on a drive different from C. In such case use [[UbuntuWiki:attachment:Uninstall-Ubuntu.exe|attachment:Uninstall-Ubuntu.exe]]. Wubi rev 506+ does not have this issue.
==== Cannot download the ISO file ====
This normally happens when you are behind a proxy server, sometimes the server might be down temporarily. In either case you can download the ISO manually as explained above.
==== Problems upgrading from 7.04 to 7.10 ====
Upgrading from 7.04 to 7.10 is NOT supported. Upgrading from 8.04 to later versions is fully supported.
==== Video Problems after second reboot ====
If you experience problems after installation, press "Ctrl+Alt+F2" and run:
<code><nowiki>sudo dpkg-reconfigure xserver-xorg</nowiki></code>
Select the Vesa driver and leave all other options at default. Then reboot. That will allow you to boot into a safe graphic mode (limited resolution) you should then be able to install the appropriate drivers or try other solutions as appropriate.
==== Corrupted NTFS filesystem ====
All reported cases of damaged filesystems so far were from people that hard rebooted (pulling the plug).
When you hard reboot, you can always damage your filesystem whether you use wubi or not. What happens is that new users sometimes get stacked with wubi/ubuntu and since they do not know what to do they tend to hard-reboot more often than necessary. Sometimes they get lucky, sometimes they do not. Since wubi sits on top of ntfs of course when they do not get lucky, ntfs gets corrupted. Sometimes people blame Wubi for that even though a quick googling will show you that there are tons of people experiencing ntfs corruption without having ever used wubi or ntfs-3g (and a full software industry lurking on that...), most of them after a hard reboot... 
If ntfs filesystem gets corrupted you have to run chkdsk /r from the windows recovery console on the Windows CD (or other recovery CD available on the web) or in the msdos console (if you can boot into Windows). At the moment there is no fsck for ntfs on the Linux side, otherwise it would be possible to fix errors automatically within Linux itself, as it happens for other filesystems, without having to rely on Windows tools. 
Best advise is to simply avoid hard rebooting. Whatever the OS.
=== Wubi Support Forum ===
If none of the above helps, feel free to ask for help on http://www.ubuntuforums.org/forumdisplay.php?f=234. It helps a lot if you can provide relevant logs when asking for support. Logs also speed up the process considerably. Note that you can install in "Verbose Mode" so that the logs will be even more complete. You will have to uninstall, reinstall, press "esc" at boot after selecting "Ubuntu", and choose "Verbose Mode". That will provide more detailed information.There are different Wubi logs:
* Windows side installation logs are in your user temp folder (%temp%)
* For grub errors, immediately after reboot, press the insert key rapidly after selecting Wubi and/or press esc at the countdown after selecting "Ubuntu" and use "c" or "e" to enter the appropriate boot options manually
* For installation boot logs or if you end up in a busybox console, see /casper.log. You can use the commands "cat" and "more" to read the file.
* For installation logs see /var/log/syslog and /var/log/installer within Linux and C:\ubuntu\installation-logs.zip within Windows. If you do not have C:\ubuntu\installation-logs.zip, uninstall, reinstall, select "verbose mode" at boot (see above). When the installer stops press CTRL+ALT+F2 and run: "sudo sh /custom-installation/hooks/failure-command.sh". You can now reboot into Windows, the logs should be in C:\ubuntu\installation-logs.zip
* Post installation logs are in /tmp and /var/log/syslog
Bugs are tracked in https://bugs.launchpad.net/wubi.
=== Misc ===
==== Inclusion into official Ubuntu ====
Wubi was born as an independent project and hence the 7.04 and 7.10 versions were unofficial. But Wubi 8.04 is fully supported and it has been shipping within the Ubuntu Live CD with the 8.04 release. 
==== How do I make Ubuntu the default boot option? ====
Ubuntu is not installed as the default boot option, you have to select it in the windows boot menu. To change that, in windows XP go to control_panel > system > advanced > startup_and_recovery and edit the "Default Operating System", if you want you can change the timeout as well.
==== Can I back up the installation files? ====
Yes just copy C:\ubuntu\disks\root.disk somewhere else (in 7.04 the relevant files are called C:\wubi\disks\*.virtual.disk). Old installation files can be mounted within Ubuntu and any relevant data can be copied over the new installation.
==== How do I install multiple distros? ====
You can install your favorite distro from within Wubi (see the advanced settings) and then once you are in Ubuntu, you can install the other desktop environments as normal packages. Each desktop environment is available as a single package (e.g. kubuntu-desktop). You will not have to reboot to change the desktop, simply log-off and choose the desktop environment in the options at login.  
==== Improving disk performance ====
Poor disk performance is usually due to a fragmented drive or to low memory (frequent swapping). 
You can use jkdefrag to defragment from within windows.
<ol><li>download jkdefrag http://www.kessels.com/JkDefrag/
</li><li>unzip
</li><li>run: jkdefrag c:\ubuntu (or c:\wubi in 7.04)</li></ol>

==== What happens if I have another bootloader? ====
Wubi only changes the Windows bootloader. Chances are that your bootloader will chainload into the Windows bootloader. For instance, if you have Grub already, you will have to select Windows there, and then you will see Windows and Ubuntu. The chain of events goes like that:
GRUB > NTLDR/BCD > GRUB4DOS > KERNEL
==== How big should the the virtual disks be? ====
The default size is calculated automatically based on your free space, you can change that in the settings. The space is not actually fully used, a barebone installation take less than 3GB including all the preinstalled software (office suite, games, graphics applications, etc...), but if the virtual disks were of 2-3GB you would soon run out of space once you start installing extra software. 8GB should be enough in most cases. Remember that on FAT filesystems the virtual disks cannot be larger than 4GB (Wubi will split larger allocations over several virtual disks). Remember also that Wubi requires a larger free space than the one required by the virtual disk themselves, that is because it has to grab an ISO (700MB) plus some headroom. So Wubi will not install if you have less than 5GB free.
==== How do I migrate to a real partition, and/or get rid of Windows entirely? ====
Existing Wubi/Lubi installations can be upgraded to an installation on a dedicated partition via LVPM. The main site for LVPM is at http://lubi.sourceforge.net/lvpm.html and the guide and support forum is at http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=438591. 
As an alternative, the following script can be used with Wubi 8.04.
Download [[UbuntuWiki:attachment:wubi-move-to-partition|attachment:wubi-move-to-partition]]
Open a terminal and run: 
<pre><nowiki>
sudo sh wubi-move-to-partition /dev/sda9 /dev/sda10
</nowiki></pre>
Replace /dev/sda9 with the partition where you would like to migrate the Wubi installation to, and /dev/sda10 with the appropriate swap partition (you can omit the second argument completely, in which case no swap will be setup). The two partitions must already exist and be empty (you can use any partitioning tool such as gparted to create them in advance). Note that the script will install grub as main bootloader replacing the existing bootloader, and  it may not be easy to undo the changes (if things do not work as expected you will have to boot from a Live CD and replace/edit the bootloader manually). Also note that if you have multiple hard-disks, the disk order might have to be adjusted manually.
==== How do I resize the virtual disks? ====
You can use LVPM, at http://lubi.sourceforge.net/lvpm.html
As an alternative, you can use the following script to move /home or /usr to a dedicated virtual disk.  
Download [[UbuntuWiki:attachment:wubi-add-virtual-disk|attachment:wubi-add-virtual-disk]], open a terminal and run:
<pre><nowiki>
sudo sh wubi-add-virtual-disk /home 15000
</nowiki></pre>
Where the first argument is the directory to move to a new dedicated disk, and the second argument is the size in MB. 
The 2 directories you are most likely to migrate are /home (if you have a lot of user data) and /usr (if you installed a lot of software).
You should now reboot. If you are happy with the result, you can now remove /home.backup. To undo the changes remove /home, copy rename /home.backup to /home and remove the /home line in /etc/fstab.
==== How do I create a virtual disk in Ubuntu? ====
Open a terminal (Applications -> Accessories -> Teminal), and enter these commands (this will create a 10 GB extra.virtual.disk, adjust line 2 to change these):
<pre><nowiki>
cd /host/ubuntu/disks
sudo dd if=/dev/zero of=extra.disk bs=1MB count=1 seek=10000
sudo mkfs.ext3 -F extra.disk</nowiki></pre>
==== How do I create a virtual disk in Windows? ====
You can use qemu-img for that. Another dirty trick (but working) is to copy any other file of the desired size to c:\wubi\disks and rename it "root.disk", "home.disk", "swap.disk" or "extra.disk". That's the wubi equivalent of buying (and installing) a new hard disk ;)
If you are running Windows XP (may work in Windows 2000 and Vista as well) you can create a file by using the fsutil that is included with Windows. The command format is <code><nowiki>fsutil file createnew filename filesize</nowiki></code> where filename is the file you wish to create and filesize is the size of the file to be created in bytes.
==== How do I access the Windows drives? ====
The Windows partition where you installed Wubi is available as /host within Ubuntu
All the other partitions will be available under /media/
If you are using Wubi-7.04 (7.10 and 8.04 users can skip this), write support for ntfs is disabled by default, to enable it:
<ol><li>Make sure you have internet access (see the network icon on the top right)
</li><li>Open the "Applications" menu and select "Add/Remove..."
</li><li>In the listbox on the right select: "Show All Available Applications"
</li><li>Search for "NTFS" and select "NTFS Configuration Tool". Click OK to install it
</li><li>Run the configuration tool under Applications > System Tools > NTFS Configuration Tool
</li><li>Select "Enable write support for internal device". Click OK to set it up.</li></ol>

==== How can I access the Wubi files from Windows? ====
There are a few Windows applications that can mount ext2-based file systems. See for instance:
* http://www.chrysocome.net/explore2fs
* http://www.fs-driver.org/
The relevant Wubi files you need to access are located under C:\ubuntu\disks\
==== How can I access my Wubi install and repair my install if it won't boot? ====
Boot the Ubuntu Desktop CD, or another [[UbuntuWiki:LiveCD|LiveCD]], then mount the windows partition:
<pre><nowiki>
sudo mkdir /win
sudo mount /dev/sda1 /win
</nowiki></pre>
Replace sda1 with the appropriate device (a == disk, 1 == partition number), then mount the virtual disk therein
<pre><nowiki>
sudo mkdir /vdisk
sudo mount -o loop /win/ubuntu/disks/root.disk /vdisk
</nowiki></pre>
Now the content of the virtual disk will be visible under /vdisk. 7.04 users will have to install ntfs-3g first and specify it as fstype to gain r/w access. 
To check the filesystem you can use:
<pre><nowiki>
sudo fsck /win/ubuntu/disks/root.disk
</nowiki></pre>
==== How to reboot cleanly even when the keyboard/mouse are frozen ====
There are normally several ways to reboot cleanly using key combinations such as:
* CTRL + ALT+ F2 (get to a terminal, you can then run top/kill/pkill to discover and kill the offending process)
* ALT+ SYSRQ + R then CTRL + ALT+ F2 (as above, but first try to regain control of the keyboard) 
* CTRL + ALT + Backspace (kills the graphic session and goes to a console, all graphical applications are terminated too)
* ALT+ SYSRQ + R then ALT + Backspace (as above, but first try to regain control of the keyboard) 
* CTRL + ALT + DEL (reboot) 
* ALT+ SYSRQ + R then CTRL + ALT + DEL (as above, but first try to regain control of the keyboard)
* ALT+ SYSRQ + R + S + U + B (forces a clean reboot even when the keyboard is not responding)
The last one is the most effective, but you could try the other commands first.  
=== Wubi Customization ===
==== Can you add Ubuntu-flavor-XYZ to Wubi? ====
If you want your distribution included into the official release of Wubi, that needs to be approved. A live CD ISO must be available to do that (Wubi uses a ubiquity based installer).
==== Can I recompile my own version of Wubi to support my Ubuntu-based distro? ====
Yes, Wubi can be easily rebranded and modified. Get the wubi source code and modify the files in the ./data directory as you see fit. In particular you may want to change isolist.ini and the artwork (image names have to match the headers in isolist.ini).
To compile on a Debian based system run:
<pre><nowiki>
make prerequisites #only to be done once
make
make test #to test the installation within wine</nowiki></pre>
==== Can I use Wubi for non-Ubuntu based distributions? ====
It should be fairly straightforward to modify the frontend (feel free to ask if you need any help), as shown above. Your Linux distribution must have a mechanism to do unattended installation using a preseed file. Wubi takes advantages of debian-installer/ubiquity preseeding, if you use a different mechanism, you will have to modify src/wubi/installer_preseed.nsh. The make prerequisite scripts might need to be updated a bit too since they are debian specific. 
Note that upstream files (Linux-side) need to be changed as well since normal distributions are generally not capable of targeting and booting (and rebooting) off a loop device. This task was originally accomplished by the Lupin project, but since 7.10 a lot of functionality has been moved upstream. Hence you might want to have a look at: 
* https://launchpad.net/lupin
* https://launchpad.net/partman-auto-loop
* https://code.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/initramfs-tools
* Other affected files: update-grub, grub-installer, /etc/init.d/umountfs, /etc/init.d/umountroot, /etc/init/d/sendsigs
* [https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/+bugs?search=Search&field.status=New&field.status=Incomplete&field.status=Confirmed&field.status=Triaged&field.status=In+Progress&field.status=Fix+Committed&field.status=Fix+Released&field.status=Invalid&field.status=Won%27t+Fix&field.omit_dupes.used=&field.tag=wubi Relevant upstream Wubi patches]
==== Where is the source code? ====
* [https://code.launchpad.net/wubi Wubi (Windows frontend)]
* [https://code.launchpad.net/lupin Lupin (Linux backend)]
* [https://code.launchpad.net/lubi Lubi (Linux frontend)]
* [https://code.launchpad.net/lvpm LVPM (Migrates virtual disks to real partitions)]
==== What is the license? ====
The code is distributed under [http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html#TOC1 GPL version 2 and above], however, the Linux kernel itself is licensed under the GPL version 2 only.
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