个人工具

UbuntuHelp:Japanese Input and Fonts in Ubuntu 7 10 using SCIM

来自Ubuntu中文

跳转至: 导航, 搜索

HOWTO: Installing Japanese that looks nice on Ubuntu 7.10 (Gutsy) using SCIM: 日本語 Installing Japanese Input and Superior Font Setup in Ubuntu

Introduction

This is a guide to setting up Japanese for Ubuntu 7.10 Gutsy. It is intended as a complete guide encompassing all elements required for using Japanese on any language installation of Ubuntu. It covers input (SCIM-Anthy) and configuring the Japanese fonts. There are other guides around for older versions of Ubuntu or that use the alternative UIM (see below). This guide is intended to cover everything. Please note that Kubuntu requires slightly different steps. Please follow the relevant page accordingly. This is an updated version based on the original 6.10 one, but with some sections changed. Please note that if you follow this guide, your fonts will be reconfigured. This might mean losing some font settings you may have made. If you are having problems, specifically with non GTK or QT programs, please use the alternative UIM method (see below) as it is currently more compatible.

Issues Involved

There are two main issues here: 1.Installing the SCIM input system that will work in a locale other than converting your whole install to Japanese, i.e. you want Japanese input in an English login. 2.The fonts look initially terrible. Therefore a certain amount of customisation is required to make all the Kanji's render in the same style and Hiragana & Katakana to render in a non-handwriting style.

Japanese Input with SCIM

This section covers setting up the Japanese input system using SCIM Anthy. This involves, downloading, installing and configuring it so that you can use it in non-Japanese locales (e.g. your system is in English).

Setting Up Repositories

First lets make sure you have the correct repositories installed in order to automatically download the relevant packs. Make sure you have the Universe and Multiverse repositories switched on. This can be done in 'Synaptic Package Manager' under the repositories tab. Also, you need the Japanese repository too. Open the repositories list file:

gksudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list

Add the following line at the bottom:

deb http://archive.ubuntulinux.jp/ubuntu-ja gutsy/

Note that you will need to change 'gutsy' if you are using a different version from 7.10. Now update your repos with:

sudo apt-get update

At this stage, you will probably get an error saying that the repository is not validated. Ignore this for now. The following step will correct it. After adding the repository and running the update, you also need to add a keyring for the new location:

sudo apt-get install ubuntu-ja-keyring

Adding Ubuntu Language Support

Go to System / Administration / Language Support and select Japanese. This should install the basics.

Making SCIM available under a non-Japanese login

Now you want to make SCIM (Language input system) available in your English (or other lang) login and not just the Japanese one. First open the scim_startup file:

gksudo gedit /etc/X11/Xsession.d/74custom-scim_startup

Add these lines:

export XMODIFIERS="@im=SCIM"
export GTK_IM_MODULE="scim"
export XIM_PROGRAM="scim -d"
export QT_IM_MODULE="scim"

Setting up the system to display Japanese characters properly

OK, now you've got Japanese input installed (hopefully). It will probably require rebooting xwindows (CTRL+ALT+Backspace). But for me, I really couldn't cope with the horrible fonts that defaulted. Here's the next step. Now that you have the Japanese repositories set up (see above), you'll want to get a nice set of fonts.

Downloading Repository Fonts

sudo apt-get install msttcorefonts ttf-dejavu ipafont ipamonafont ttf-arphic-ukai ttf-arphic-uming

This will install the Microsoft (Freeware) core fonts and a number of other useful fonts, specifically ones that support Japanese unicode characters.

Downloading External Fonts

Unfortunately, I am very disappointed in the Ubuntu selection and you will almost certainly want this to be changed to MSGothic and MSMincho. These are Microsoft fonts, but they are freely available to use and are actually from a company called Ricoh. They need to be downloaded and installed manually. They can be found at the following page. http://www.linux.ryukent.co.uk/show.php?id=24 So download and extract the files and you need to copy them into the fonts directory. This will need root privileges and is probably easiest done using the file explorer:

gksudo nautilus --browser

That will give you a browser with the right privileges. So copy your downloaded ttf files and paste them into a folder under the fonts tree. I recommend:

/usr/share/fonts/truetype/msttcorefonts

Rebuilding the font cache

Now we need to rebuild the fonts cache:

sudo fc-cache -f -v

Setting up the font order

OK, so that might well be enough, but I think you'll probably still have your Japanese fonts not running at optimum and the default might be a little ugly. Lets set up the order in which we like the fonts to be selected. Open the “.fonts.conf” file in your home directory:

gksudo gedit ~/.fonts.conf

It should read as follows:

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<fontconfig>
 <alias>
 <family>serif</family>
 <prefer>
 <family>Times New Roman</family>
 <family>MS 明朝</family>
 <family>IPAPMincho</family>
 <family>Sazanami Mincho</family>
 <family>Kochi Mincho</family>
 <family>DejaVu Serif</family>
 <family>Bitstream Vera Serif</family>
 <family>Thorndale AMT</family>
 <family>Luxi Serif</family>
 <family>Nimbus Roman No9 L</family>
 <family>Times</family>
 <family>Frank Ruehl</family>
 <family>MgOpen Canonica</family>
 <family>AR PL SungtiL GB</family>
 <family>AR PL Mingti2L Big5</family>
 <family>FreeSerif</family>
 <family>Baekmuk Batang</family>
 </prefer>
 </alias>
 <alias>
 <family>sans-serif</family>
 <prefer>
 <family>Verdana</family>
 <family>MS ゴシック</family>
 <family>IPAPGothic</family>
 <family>Sazanami Gothic</family>
 <family>Kochi Gothic</family>
 <family>DejaVu Sans</family>
 <family>Bitstream Vera Sans</family>
 <family>Arial</family>
 <family>Albany AMT</family>
 <family>Luxi Sans</family>
 <family>Nimbus Sans L</family>
 <family>Helvetica</family>
 <family>Nachlieli</family>
 <family>MgOpen Moderna</family>
 <family>AR PL KaitiM GB</family>
 <family>AR PL KaitiM Big5</family>
 <family>FreeSans</family>
 <family>Baekmuk Dotum</family>
 <family>SimSun</family>
 </prefer>
 </alias>
 <alias>
 <family>monospace</family>
 <prefer>
 <family>Courier New</family>
 <family>MS ゴシック</family>
 <family>IPAGothic</family>
 <family>Sazanami Gothic</family>
 <family>Kochi Gothic</family>
 <family>DejaVu Sans Mono</family>
 <family>Bitstream Vera Sans Mono</family>
 <family>Andale Mono</family>
 <family>Cumberland AMT</family>
 <family>Luxi Mono</family>
 <family>Nimbus Mono L</family>
 <family>Courier</family>
 <family>Miriam Mono</family>
 <family>FreeMono</family>
 <family>AR PL KaitiM GB</family>
 <family>Baekmuk Dotum</family>
 </prefer>
 </alias>
 <match target="font" >
 <edit mode="assign" name="embeddedbitmap" >
 <bool>false</bool>
 </edit>
 </match>
 <match target="font" >
 <edit mode="assign" name="autohint" >
 <bool>true</bool>
 </edit>
 </match>
</fontconfig>

So, save the file and reboot xwindows (CTLR+ALT+Backspace). Now with any luck the order of fonts should have been updated so that the default Japanese type face is actually a clean one first and foremost instead of the ugly first serving. Also it disables the built in bitmap font which can really make kanji's look odd next to anti aliased hiragana etc. For most people this setting will be fine. If you're not happy, by all means leave out the embeddedbitmap setting.

Installing handwritten character input support

If you would like to input Japanese characters by drawing them with your mouse (or perhaps a drawing tablet), you can install Tomoe. Installing the SCIM-Tomoe package should take care of all the dependencies and is available through the Japanese repository we added above:

sudo apt-get install scim-tomoe

Note that Tomoe will not load its Japanese character dictionary if you use a non-Japanese locale. To run it with the Japanese dictionary in any locale, launch SCIM-Tomoe as follows:

LANG=ja LC_MESSAGES=ja scim-tomoe

Or, if you want SCIM-Tomoe to work for all users, edit the launch-script in /usr/bin, and paste these two lines:

export LANG=ja
export LC_MESSAGES=ja

…so that the last few lines of your /usr/bin/scim-tomoe look like this:

[snip]
sysconfdir=${prefix}/etc

export LANG=ja
export LC_MESSAGES=ja

/usr/lib/scim-1.0/scim-helper-launcher tomoe b1bfe2b4-6930-41b0-8c07-d05bce8c92e2 $*                                                                                    

You should now be able to start the input pad by selecting it from the context menu of the SCIM input icon in the notification area, or by running it manually. You could also bind the scim-tomoe command to a spare multimedia key.

If you're still having problems

If you're still having problems consider the following:

Alternatives (UIM)

If you are having problems inputting Japanese into some application only (especially Java ones) you might want to consider using the alternative input method UIM. If you have already followed the above steps, make sure you delete /etc/X11/Xsession.d/74custom-scim_startup. You can find details about how to install it here: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Japanese_Input_and_Fonts_in_Ubuntu_7%2e10

QT

If you are having problems loading programs that use QT (like skype), try changing your QT_IM_MODULE environment variable to xim (see above).

export QT_IM_MODULE=xim

Acrobat Reader (acroread)

Certain versions of Acrobat Reader downloaded from Adobe will fail to load unless the following line is added to the executable text file (usually /usr/bin/acroread or /usr/local/bin/acroread):

GTK_IM_MODULE=xim

(Anywhere near the top will do.) This is because the command export GTK_IM_MODULE="scim" executed by Xsession.d/74custom-scim_startup causes acroread to fail silently. Note: The version on the medibuntu repositories already has this fix and will work fine.