UbuntuHelp:Japanese Input and Fonts in Ubuntu 7 04
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HOWTO: Installing Japanese that looks nice on Ubuntu 7.04 (Feisty): 日本語 Installing Japanese Input and Superior Font Setup in Ubuntu
目录
Introduction
This is a guide to setting up Japanese for Ubuntu 7.04 Feisty. It is intended as a complete guide encompassing all elements required for using Japanese on any language installation of Ubuntu. It covers input (SCIM-Anthy) and configuring the Japanese fonts. There are other guides around for older versions of Ubuntu or that use the alternative UIM. They tend to cover elements only. This guide is intended to cover everything. Please note that Kubuntu requires slightly different steps. Please follow the relevant page accordingly. This is an updated version based on the original 6.10 one, but with some sections changed. Please note that if you follow this guide, your fonts will be reconfigured. This might mean losing some font settings you may have made.
Issues Involved
There are two main issues here: 1.Installing the SCIM input system that will work in a locale other than converting your whole install to Japanese, i.e. you want Japanese input in an English login. 2.The fonts look initially terrible. Therefore a certain amount of customisation is required to make all the Kanji's render in the same style and Hiragana & Katakana to render in a non-handwriting style.
Japanese Input with SCIM
This section covers setting up the Japanese input system using SCIM Anthy. This involves, downloading, installing and configuring it so that you can use it in non-Japanese locales (e.g. your system is in English).
Setting Up Repositories
First lets make sure you have the correct repositories installed in order to automatically download the relevant packs. Make sure you have the Universe and Multiverse repositories switched on. This can be done in 'Synaptic Package Manager' under the repositories tab. Also, you need the Japanese repository too. Open the repositories list file:
gksudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list
Add the following line at the bottom:
deb http://archive.ubuntulinux.jp/ubuntu-ja feisty/
Now update your repos with:
sudo apt-get update
After adding the repository and running the update, you also need to add a keyring for the new location:
sudo apt-get install ubuntu-ja-keyring
Adding Ubuntu Language Support
Go to System / Administration / Language Support and select Japanese. This should install the basics. You might want to install some other Asian input methods too. To make sure you have all the common ones, use:
Making SCIM available under a non-Japanese login
Now you want to make SCIM (Language input system) available in your English (or other lang) login and not just the Japanese one. First open the scim_startup file:
gksudo gedit /etc/X11/Xsession.d/74custom-scim_startup
Add these lines:
export XMODIFIERS="@im=SCIM" export GTK_IM_MODULE="scim" export XIM_PROGRAM="scim -d" export QT_IM_MODULE="scim"
Setting up the system to display Japanese characters properly
OK, now you've got Japanese input installed (hopefully). It will probably require rebooting xwindows (CTRL+ALT+Backspace). But for me, I really couldn't cope with the horrible fonts that defaulted. Here's the next step. Now that you have the Japanese repositories set up (see above), you'll want to get a nice set of fonts.
Downloading Repository Fonts
sudo apt-get install msttcorefonts ttf-dejavu ipafont ipamonafont ttf-arphic-ukai ttf-arphic-uming
This will install the Microsoft (Freeware) core fonts and a number of other useful fonts, specifically ones that support Japanese unicode characters.
Downloading External Fonts
Unfortunately, I am very disappointed in the Ubuntu selection and you will almost certainly want this to be changed to MSGothic and MSMincho. These are Microsoft fonts, but they are freely available to use and are actually from a company called Ricoh. They need to be downloaded and installed manually. They can be found at the following page. http://www.linux.ryukent.co.uk/show.php?id=24 So download and extract the files and you need to copy them into the fonts directory. This will need root privileges and is probably easiest done using the file explorer:
sudo nautilus --browser
That will give you a browser with the right privileges. So copy your downloaded ttf files and paste them into a folder under the fonts tree. I recommend:
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/msttcorefonts
Rebuilding the font cache
Now we need to rebuild the fonts cache:
sudo fc-cache -f -v
Setting up the font order
OK, so that might well be enough, but I think you'll probably still have your Japanese fonts not running at optimum and the default might be a little ugly. Lets set up the order in which we like the fonts to be selected. Open the “.fonts.conf” file in your home directory:
gksudo gedit ~/.fonts.conf
It should read as follows:
<?xml version="1.0"?> <fontconfig> <alias> <family>serif</family> <prefer> <family>Times New Roman</family> <family>ＭＳ 明朝</family> <family>IPAPMincho</family> <family>Sazanami Mincho</family> <family>Kochi Mincho</family> <family>DejaVu Serif</family> <family>Bitstream Vera Serif</family> <family>Thorndale AMT</family> <family>Luxi Serif</family> <family>Nimbus Roman No9 L</family> <family>Times</family> <family>Frank Ruehl</family> <family>MgOpen Canonica</family> <family>AR PL SungtiL GB</family> <family>AR PL Mingti2L Big5</family> <family>FreeSerif</family> <family>Baekmuk Batang</family> </prefer> </alias> <alias> <family>sans-serif</family> <prefer> <family>Verdana</family> <family>ＭＳ ゴシック</family> <family>IPAPGothic</family> <family>Sazanami Gothic</family> <family>Kochi Gothic</family> <family>DejaVu Sans</family> <family>Bitstream Vera Sans</family> <family>Arial</family> <family>Albany AMT</family> <family>Luxi Sans</family> <family>Nimbus Sans L</family> <family>Helvetica</family> <family>Nachlieli</family> <family>MgOpen Moderna</family> <family>AR PL KaitiM GB</family> <family>AR PL KaitiM Big5</family> <family>FreeSans</family> <family>Baekmuk Dotum</family> <family>SimSun</family> </prefer> </alias> <alias> <family>monospace</family> <prefer> <family>Courier New</family> <family>ＭＳ ゴシック</family> <family>IPAGothic</family> <family>Sazanami Gothic</family> <family>Kochi Gothic</family> <family>DejaVu Sans Mono</family> <family>Bitstream Vera Sans Mono</family> <family>Andale Mono</family> <family>Cumberland AMT</family> <family>Luxi Mono</family> <family>Nimbus Mono L</family> <family>Courier</family> <family>Miriam Mono</family> <family>FreeMono</family> <family>AR PL KaitiM GB</family> <family>Baekmuk Dotum</family> </prefer> </alias> <match target="font" > <edit mode="assign" name="embeddedbitmap" > <bool>false</bool> </edit> </match> <match target="font" > <edit mode="assign" name="autohint" > <bool>true</bool> </edit> </match> </fontconfig>
So, save the file and reboot xwindows (CTLR+ALT+Backspace). Now with any luck the order of fonts should have been updated so that the default Japanese type face is actually a clean one first and foremost instead of the ugly first serving. Also it disables the built in bitmap font which can really make kanji's look odd next to anti aliased hiragana etc. For most people this setting will be fine. If you're not happy, by all means leave out the embeddedbitmap setting.
If you're still having problems
If you're still having problems consider the following:
Java
If you are having problems inputting Japanese into some application only (especially Java ones) you might need to update the SCIM settings for the root user too. This can be done by replacing the existing config file in /root/.scim with one from your home directory that you have already set up correctly. Of course you will need root privileges to do that.
QT
If you are having problems loading programs that use QT (like skype), try changing your QT_IM_MODULE environment variable to xim (see above).
export QT_IM_MODULE=xim
Acrobat Reader (acroread)
Certain versions of Acrobat Reader downloaded from Adobe will fail to load unless the following line is added to the executable text file (usually /usr/bin/acroread or /usr/local/bin/acroread):
GTK_IM_MODULE=xim
(Anywhere near the top will do.)
This is because the command export GTK_IM_MODULE="scim" executed by Xsession.d/74custom-scim_startup causes acroread to fail silently.
Note: The version on the medibuntu repositories already has this fix and will work fine.
