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These definitions are used throughout the remainder of this manual. 这些定义将在本手册的其余部分使用到。 POSIX(可移植操作系统接口) : A family of open system standards based on Unix. Bash is primarily concerned with the Shell and Utilities portion of the POSIX 1003.1 standard. : 基于Unix家族的一个开放系统标准。Bash主要关心POSIX 1003.1标准的Shell以及工具部分。 blank : A space or tab character. : 一个空格(space)或制表符(tab)。 builtin(内建/嵌入) : A command that is implemented internally by the shell itself, rather than by an executable program somewhere in the file system. : 一个由shell自己内部实现的的命令,它不是一个存储于文件系统中的可执行程序。 control operator(控制操作符) : A token that performs a control function. It is a newline or one of the following: ‘||’, ‘&&’, ‘&’, ‘;’, ‘;;’, ‘|’, ‘|&’, ‘(’, or ‘)’. : 一个记号并执行一个控制功能。它是一个换行符或以下东东:‘||’, ‘&&’, ‘&’, ‘;’, ‘;;’, ‘|’, ‘|&’, ‘(’, or ‘)’。 exit status(退出状态) : The value returned by a command to its caller. The value is restricted to eight bits, so the maximum value is 255. : 由命令返回该值到它的调用者。此值限于一个8比特值,所以它的最大值是255。 field(字段) : A unit of text that is the result of one of the shell expansions. After expansion, when executing a command, the resulting fields are used as the command name and arguments. : 一个文本单位是该shell扩展的结果。扩展之后,当执行一个命令时,这个结果字段被用作命令名或参数。 filename : A string of characters used to identify a file. : 由字符组成的字符串用于识别一个文件。 job(作业) : A set of processes comprising a pipeline, and any processes descended from it, that are all in the same process group. : 由一组操作组成的操作流水,它的任何后裔操作均属于同一个操作组。 job control(作业控制) : A mechanism by which users can selectively stop (suspend) and restart (resume) execution of processes. : 一套机制,用户可以选择性地停止和重启操作的执行。 metacharacter(元字符) : A character that, when unquoted, separates words. A metacharacter is a blank or one of the following characters: ‘|’, ‘&’, ‘;’, ‘(’, ‘)’, ‘<’, or ‘>’. : 当一个字符,当它未被引号引用,或者是单独出现。一个元字符可以是一个空格或以下单个出现的字符:‘|’,‘&’,‘;’,‘(’, ‘)’,‘<’ 或者 ‘>’。 name(名称) : A word consisting solely of letters, numbers, and underscores, and beginning with a letter or underscore. Names are used as shell variable and function names. Also referred to as an identifier. : 一个仅由字母、数字及下划线组成的词,名字被用于shell的变量及函数名称。也被认为是一个标识符。 operator(操作符) : A control operator or a redirection operator. See [[#Redirections|Redirections]], for a list of redirection operators. Operators contain at least one unquoted metacharacter. : 一个控制操作符或者一个重定向符。参看[[#Redirections|Redirections]](重定向操作列表)。 操作符包括至少一个未引用元字符。 process group(进程组) : A collection of related processes each having the same process group ID. : 相关进程的集合,它们有相同的进程组ID。 process group ID(进程组ID) : A unique identifier that represents a process group during its lifetime. : 一个进程组在它的生命期内的一个唯一的标识。 reserved word(保留字) : A word that has a special meaning to the shell. Most reserved words introduce shell flow control constructs, such as for and while. : 一个对shell有特定意义的词。多数保留字与shell流程控制结构相关,例如for以及while。 return status(返回状态) : A synonym for exit status. : 退出状态(exit status)的同义词。 signal(信号) : A mechanism by which a process may be notified by the kernel of an event occurring in the system. : 一种机制,通过这种机制系统内核中发生的事件可以通知到一个进程。 special builtin(特殊内置指令) : A shell builtin command that has been classified as special by the POSIX standard. : 也是shell的内置指令, 它被POSIX标准分类为特殊。 token(令牌) : A sequence of characters considered a single unit by the shell. It is either a word or an operator. : 一个字符序列,它被shell认为是一个单位。它也是一个词或一个操作符。 word(词) : A sequence of characters treated as a unit by the shell. Words may not include unquoted metacharacters. : 一个字符序列,它被shell认为是一个单位。词无法包含或引用一个元字符。
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