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These definitions are used throughout the remainder of this manual. 这些定义将在本手册的其余部分使用到。 POSIX(可移植操作系统接口) : A family of open system standards based on Unix. Bash is primarily concerned with the Shell and Utilities portion of the POSIX 1003.1 standard. : 基于Unix家族的一个开放系统标准。Bash主要关心POSIX 1003.1标准的Shell以及工具部分。 blank : A space or tab character. : 一个空格(space)或制表符(tab)。 builtin(内建/嵌入) : A command that is implemented internally by the shell itself, rather than by an executable program somewhere in the file system. : 一个由shell自己内部实现的的命令,它不是一个存储于文件系统中的可执行程序。 control operator : A token that performs a control function. It is a newline or one of the following: ‘||’, ‘&&’, ‘&’, ‘;’, ‘;;’, ‘|’, ‘|&’, ‘(’, or ‘)’. exit status : A unit of text that is the result of one of the shell expansions. After expansion, when executing a command, the resulting fields are used as the command name and arguments. field : A unit of text that is the result of one of the shell expansions. After expansion, when executing a command, the resulting fields are used as the command name and arguments. filename : A string of characters used to identify a file. job : A set of processes comprising a pipeline, and any processes descended from it, that are all in the same process group. job control : A mechanism by which users can selectively stop (suspend) and restart (resume) execution of processes. metacharacter : A character that, when unquoted, separates words. A metacharacter is a blank or one of the following characters: ‘|’, ‘&’, ‘;’, ‘(’, ‘)’, ‘<’, or ‘>’. name : A word consisting solely of letters, numbers, and underscores, and beginning with a letter or underscore. Names are used as shell variable and function names. Also referred to as an identifier. operator : A control operator or a redirection operator. See [[#Redirections|Redirections]], for a list of redirection operators. Operators contain at least one unquoted metacharacter. process group : A collection of related processes each having the same process group ID. process group ID : A unique identifier that represents a process group during its lifetime. reserved word : A word that has a special meaning to the shell. Most reserved words introduce shell flow control constructs, such as for and while. return status : A synonym for exit status. signal : A mechanism by which a process may be notified by the kernel of an event occurring in the system. special builtin : A shell builtin command that has been classified as special by the POSIX standard. token : A sequence of characters considered a single unit by the shell. It is either a word or an operator. word : A sequence of characters treated as a unit by the shell. Words may not include unquoted metacharacters.
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