https://wiki.ubuntu.org.cn/api.php?action=feedcontributions&user=198.71.86.201&feedformat=atomUbuntu中文 - 用户贡献 [zh-hans]2024-03-28T21:29:43Z用户贡献MediaWiki 1.26.3https://wiki.ubuntu.org.cn/index.php?title=How_You_Can_Technique_Blogging_In_An_Ideal_Way&diff=153888How You Can Technique Blogging In An Ideal Way2016-06-23T15:55:54Z<p>198.71.86.201:创建页面,内容为“== How You Can Technique Blogging In An Ideal Way == Running a blog is one of the most interesting new features of online technology. It is a exclusive way to make l...”</p>
<hr />
<div>== How You Can Technique Blogging In An Ideal Way ==<br />
Running a blog is one of the most interesting new features of online technology. It is a exclusive way to make long lasting connections with those that work with you, although improving product sales of products. An informed customer is certainly one who will probably acquire, so make use of the ideas on this page to generate educational and beneficial blogs and forums for your personal web site.<br />
<br />
Should you don't are thinking about creating your personal blog completely from scratch, make use of a running a blog services. Blogging providers can be found in two main varieties. Hosted running a blog providers retail store your blog site on the company's servers, while mounted solutions operate on your own domain name. Some operating a blog services, including Wp, can be used in both ways. Regardless of whether you end up picking sponsored or installed, employing a writing a blog assistance permits you to enhance your weblog using a hassle-free cpanel.<br />
<br />
Communicate with people who reply to your site. Your blog is really a two-way moderate, and getting together with commenters can progress the dialogue and provide new ideas for blogposts. If you use your website for advertising, it will help you to solve buyer grievances, often more rapidly than through traditional customer care channels.<br />
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Build a themed blog according to what you are actually talking about. For instance, for those who have an agriculture blog, develop your colors and design around land roadways and corn areas. Hues that seem out of place will be more prone to transform individuals away from reading through and taking pleasure in your site.<br />
<br />
Prevent talking to your self in your article. Don't treat it such as a journal, as an alternative only notify stories your readers will be curious about. You need to be skeptical of making use of first individual composing unless you are talking about a pertinent subject that may fascination your visitors whilst keeping them returning for much more.<br />
<br />
Given that running a blog is with a private level you ought to steer clear of composing formally. You need to continue to create inside a skilled approach and utilize proper grammar. Your potential customers will be able to connect with you much more while you are composing directly to them in the relaxed way and definately will read on your weblogs.<br />
<br />
Lower your mess! Blog readers will not be enthusiastic about frustrating quantities of needless or unrelated distractions on your own site. This draws the eye out of the major focus in the blog your composing. Within the interest of trying to keep followers, keep your mess to a minimum and are living by that principle.<br />
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Composition your site content hence the readers can just skim those to capture the idea. Individuals who read through blogs and forums are, typically, an impatient group. They flick back and forth among internet pages almost in the speed of light-weight. If you want to get the meaning over, let them have something which will catch their interest with only a fast check out.<br />
<br />
Allow your readers comply with you easier by providing all of them with the relevant social websites hyperlinks. Websites like Twitter and facebook, and the like, gives you a large edge and put in your acknowledgement, credibility and popularity as a writer. It is possible to reach more visitors and supporters with these web portals.<br />
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Try to increase the enjoyment of your blog site by producing themes for the blogs and forums. On many occasions, weblogs searching uninteresting and unappealing. With some fine-tuning, you are able to totally make positive changes to visitors impression of your own weblog. With some splashes of design and style, you may definitely create a wonderful perception.<br />
<br />
Go through other blogs and forums in associated fields. This gives you an idea of how other people are operating a blog properly, and may offer you ideas on how to enhance your individual blog site. You might also get men and women prepared to visitor blog site in your site. Remember not to plagiarize this content of other weblogs.<br />
<br />
Consider controlling the blog's group distribution. It is a very important weblog metric to follow along with and it can be easily followed using a website audit wordpress plugin. Preserving a well-balanced group may help your producing and boost your search engine results. Unwanted information less than a single class can make a great deal of identical articles within your archives.<br />
<br />
Majority of the targeted traffic your website will get will probably originate from search engines like yahoo like Google, Google or Bing. Knowing using Search engine marketing tools is going to help you to have a increased rated web page which can attract more viewers. You will be aware how to use the correct keywords and where you can place them for the best good results.<br />
<br />
Comedy is okay to use in the website, providing you are trying to keep it suitable. You want to make sure that the articles you write will still be educational, and you will be providing the viewers anything they are seeking. In the event you only use humor, your content is going to be loaded with excessive fluff.<br />
<br />
Understand that appealing to the first 100 followers is one of the most difficult things to do. When you achieve this, you will notice that you will find a easier time. Be patient, as this will never come about immediately. Always keep spending so much time and you will definitely get there soon enough.<br />
<br />
When you find yourself composing a blog, it is crucial that your website is just not simply practicing things that other internet sites already have created. Alternatively, try to include factors and angles that other internet sites have not talked about. This will be significant for getting the attention of your readers.<br />
<br />
Continue to keep tabs on your website traffic degree. These amounts can let you know a whole lot. You'll discover, nevertheless, that the number of readers that recurrent your website is vital yet it is not the only real deciding consider whether or not you may make money. Some blog sites could have a quite decide on visitors but be quite profitable.<br />
<br />
You need to allow it to be simple for prospective customers get in touch with you when they should. Spot your electronic mail in the e mail us portion in your website to be sure that prospective customers can effortless talk to you when they must. This is extremely important for doing your best with your operating a blog endeavor.<br />
<br />
You may now move ahead from the arena of online blogging with full confidence and ingenuity. Center on your prospects and their needs, although positioning your products or services inside a favorable light in your blogs. Your blog visitors are often more peaceful and relying on when it come time and energy to work. So put [[http://itmb.biz|ekrany akustyczne]] the following tips to get results for you these days.</div>198.71.86.201https://wiki.ubuntu.org.cn/index.php?title=%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA:Apt-offline%E7%A6%BB%E7%BA%BF%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85%E6%8C%87%E5%8D%97&diff=153883讨论:Apt-offline离线安装指南2016-06-23T02:12:47Z<p>198.71.86.201:创建页面,内容为“问题是下载安装apt-offline 仍需要apt-get install 在线搞 先有鸡还是先有蛋的问题”</p>
<hr />
<div>问题是下载安装apt-offline 仍需要apt-get install 在线搞<br />
<br />
先有鸡还是先有蛋的问题</div>198.71.86.201https://wiki.ubuntu.org.cn/index.php?title=Zobacz_strona_agregaty&diff=153852Zobacz strona agregaty2016-06-18T22:12:44Z<p>198.71.86.201:创建页面,内容为“== zobacz strona agregaty == Specyfikę kamenie greckiej określa jej wybitnie państwowo-religijny dodatkowo zwarcie muzyczno-wykonawczy koloryt. Atmosfera helleńs...”</p>
<hr />
<div>== zobacz strona agregaty ==<br />
Specyfikę kamenie greckiej określa jej wybitnie państwowo-religijny dodatkowo zwarcie muzyczno-wykonawczy koloryt. Atmosfera helleńska pozostali się pod wieloma sensami z tej: istnieje umiejętnością detalicznie realną, dociekliwie aresztowaną w kontekście zarabiania socjalnego polis. W zakresie treściowym nie zaledwie liryka epiczna a alarmująca Greków, jakkolwiek oraz liryka tkliwa ogranicza się okresowo do apokryfu, szczegółu integrującego zbiorowość oznaczonego imperium helleńskiego: powoduje niniejsze bukolikę grecką nie końcu podstępem nastroju solowych uczuć, co trochę gruntownym pierwiastkiem kultury plemiennej tudzież społecznej, w specyficzności marginesem laickiej wiary helleńskiej. Analogicznie popularnie pospolity umysł liryce wyjawia się w jej zakresie wykonawczym: atmosfera helleńska wciąż istnieje przygotowywana – albo ostatnie solo, czyli chórem, zawsze przy szumie przyrządów melodyjnych, nie nie przebiega zaledwie na piśmie. <br />
<br />
W samo uprawianie tworu figuratywnego zaangażowana egzystuje wszelka populacja pojedynczej polis, zwłaszcza w przykładzie apokalipsie plus poezje chóralnej. Wyrabiane kolektywnie w przebiegu ogólnopaństwowych akademii druki poetyckie organizowały wrażenie wspólnocie ludowej, znaczyły obiektywny drobiazg oświacie Grekokatolika, kreowały wspólny glob pojęć. Specyficzne zakreślanie trzymały tutaj epopeje Homera, przysłowiowe pełnym Grekom, wykonujące ich zbiorową teorię zaś odczucie ogólnohelleńskiej spójni narodowej – posłannictwo Homera jak "pedagogowi Grecji"<br />
zobacz portal agregaty [[http://wroclawagregtay.hik.ovh/|http://wroclawagregtay.hik.ovh/]]</div>198.71.86.201https://wiki.ubuntu.org.cn/index.php?title=UbuntuHelp:Checksum/zh&diff=153844UbuntuHelp:Checksum/zh2016-06-15T01:59:06Z<p>198.71.86.201:/* 标准用法 */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{From|https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Checksum}} {{Translator|MillenniumDark}} {{Verifier|farproc}} {{Languages|UbuntuHelp:Checksum}}<br />
'''校验和'''(checksum)是一种数学算法,用于检验信息是否跟原始拷贝保持一致。<br />
<br />
<br />
== 标准用法 ==<br />
116.231.45.207 121.26.32.56<br />
<br />
== 历史 ==<br />
由于当前计算机的设计理念是基于二进制思想,因此为了保证数据在计算和传输过程中不发生位错误,几乎在电脑产生的时候这一系统就使用了。如今,它(checksum)依然无处不在,即使你没察觉到;比如,当你传送TCP/IP包来查看本页面时,就使用校验和进行了即时的[[循环冗余校验|CRC]]校验。<br />
<br />
=== xmodem ===<br />
Xmodem,通行的文件传输协议,使用一字节的校验和。这一 checksum 是这样计算的:将所有 128 个数据字节的 ASCII 值相加,忽略所有(相加所得的和的)溢出部分的数值。checksum 附加在 Xmodem 数据包的最後。这种 checksum 并不总能检测出所有错误。在 Xmodem 协议後续版本中, 它被换成 cyclical redundancy check (CRC),以支持更严格的误差控制。''(参见:Dyson,Dictionary of Networking)''<br />
AAAAAAAA<br />
<br />
<nowiki><nowiki>在此插入非格式文本</nowiki><br />
== <br />
----<br />
大标题文字<math>在此插入数学公式</math> ==<br />
</nowiki>== 链接 ==<br />
*[http://freshmeat.net/browse/19/ Freshmeat software repository. Category System Archiving]<br />
*[http://ee.tut.fi/%7Eheikki/foss/ckmd5/ ch<math>在此插入数学公式</math>kmd5, a popular md5 checksum verifier]<br />
*[http://cfv.sourceforge.net/ cfv, a general checksum creator/checker. This can even verify .torrent files!]<br />
*[http://winmd5sum.solidblue.ca/ winmd5sum is a free, open source, easy to use md5 checker for Windows]<br />
<br />
[[Category:基础知识]]</div>198.71.86.201https://wiki.ubuntu.org.cn/index.php?title=Lucrative_Recommendations_On_Writing_a_blog_That_Basically_Operate&diff=153843Lucrative Recommendations On Writing a blog That Basically Operate2016-06-15T01:28:14Z<p>198.71.86.201:创建页面,内容为“== Lucrative Recommendations On Writing a blog That Basically Operate == There are plenty of questions on the market these days about running a blog and all of the t...”</p>
<hr />
<div>== Lucrative Recommendations On Writing a blog That Basically Operate ==<br />
There are plenty of questions on the market these days about running a blog and all of the things that the tendency offers. If running a blog is something you would like to get into, then you definitely don't have to look any further. This article and also the ideas inside can assist you develop and maintain an effective weblog.<br />
<br />
Create a blogroll. A blogroll is a listing of other blog sites with your market that you simply discover important. Developing this sort of listing raises your blog's worth to readers, because they could possibly get information that they can couldn't discover on your blog site. If you are using your blog for advertising and marketing, a blogroll will likely enhance your reliability in the market.<br />
<br />
Make sure that you are posting fairly often within the blogs that you simply function. With the lowest, you ought to aim to post once on each and every weblog everyday through the mondays to fridays. Needless to say, posting much more is obviously delightful. This demonstrates your website visitors that you will be a really active blog writer, which will make them prone to maintain checking out your weblogs.<br />
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Ensure that you have Search engine marketing warm and friendly designs, plug-ins and themes. This may give your blog site to weight rapidly. The quicker anything lots, the more folks are going to be eager to check out it. When a web page requires to extended to fill, probably visitors will just near the site.<br />
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Everybody tends to make mistakes, it really is only all-natural. It is useful to use Search engines Web master Equipment when looking at your work to indicate any blunders that you could made. All you need to do then is go and repair them, and no person will ever see nearly anything that you have messed through to.<br />
<br />
Given that operating a blog is on a personalized levels you should avoid creating formally. You must continue to compose in a expert way and employ correct grammar. Prospective customers can relate with you much more when you are writing in their mind inside a everyday way and may continue reading your weblogs.<br />
<br />
Try out putting up ahead of time. Will not be bashful, or feel that it could ruin the genuineness of your website. So long as you continue to be the writer that contributes articles timeless information, there won't be any difficulties. Publishing ahead of time can be a good technique to use, and it may alleviate your stress by currently covering up some thing beforehand.<br />
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The material of the blog must consist of high quality operate. Before you post it, proofread your site access, to ensure it really is clear of grammatical and typographical mistakes. You can even wish to have another person go through it, being a supplementary proofreader and to ensure the content is fascinating to see.<br />
<br />
You can have a great website that might focus on an audience and carry in lots of followers, but with no fantastic website name you have practically nothing. Retain the website address for your website basic nevertheless straight and powerful. Consider your objective area of interest, and choose the correct domain address to your blog site just like you have been contemplating difficult with regards to a great name.<br />
<br />
Lists will have a spot inside a well-created blog site. Databases are an essential part of running a blog, whether you are talking about the very best animes in recent history, or the most fascinating superstar hair styles of 2011. Listings help manage the details for readers to enable them to very easily process it.<br />
<br />
Be sure you backlink to yourself. Usually do not be so scared about what exactly it is that you simply create, and don't rely on other folks to find you. Consider connecting to your self as often as possible. This is known as interlinking, and is ideal for Search engine optimisation. Its largest advantage is assisting enhance your content's awareness.<br />
<br />
Create a posting filtration system. Be operated and constant with the blog articles. Attempt to produce a publishing filtering for use any time you write. It could be as simple as writing down some inquiries that the post can solution by the time it's completed. It can help make you stay concentrated.<br />
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Constantly attempt to make sure that you spell examine and proofread by your posts prior to struck that post switch. This can give your blogs and forums an experienced and educated aura that will different your post through the rest. This can be a straightforward step that will go a really lengthy way.<br />
<br />
Make sure to keep it uncomplicated. Running a blog isn't the same as philosophy. Even if you would like explain any complicated ideas, consider your greatest to ensure they are as easy as feasible. Your blog site competes with many different additional information places, so it must be as clear and understandable as you possibly can.<br />
<br />
Take time to go through over your blog site. This method is usually dismissed quite often. You need to be the initial visitor. When you get some free time, try reading several of your older blogposts. It can help you can see what to do to boost together with your posts in the future.<br />
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In the event you publish your blog sites in the checklist develop, and use plenty of photos, it will be simpler for people to go through. Posts that are positioned in this fashion have more men and women because the content material might be read faster. Images will also support men and women continue to be interested in your work.<br />
<br />
Try to be sure that you are generally writing with the visitors under consideration. Usually do not participate in key phrase stuffing the place you throw a lot of search phrases to your blogs and forums to obtain the search engine listings consideration. Finally, your content and producing style will have the ultimate say in no matter if your site is successful or perhaps not.<br />
<br />
One of the simplest ways to start a fresh blog site is to enroll in a free of charge WordPress accounts. The free of charge edition isn't as powerful because the variation you might set up on your own internet space, but it really retains numerous functions that can get you ready to go very easily. For those who have your very own website address, you may use the DNS equipment on your registrar to level the website address to your Word press web site.<br />
<br />
Regardless of weblog type you want to make, the information with this write-up have provided you with concepts that you can use in the direction of maintaing an excellent website. Be sure that you utilize each one of what you acquired from this report to the very best of your capability and you ought to have lots of people [[http://bezogniowe.pl|bańki bezogniowe]] following your website before you know it.</div>198.71.86.201https://wiki.ubuntu.org.cn/index.php?title=%E6%B2%99%E7%9B%92&diff=153799沙盒2016-06-12T01:41:39Z<p>198.71.86.201:/* Installation */</p>
<hr />
<div>PHP is a general-purpose scripting language suited for Web development. PHP scripts can be embedded into HTML. This section explains how to install and configure PHP in an Ubuntu System with Apache2 and MySQL.<br />
<br />
This section assumes you have installed and configured Apache2 Web Server and MySQL Database Server. You can refer to the Apache2 and MySQL sections in this document to install and configure Apache2 and MySQL respectively.<br />
<br />
=Installation=<br />
<br />
PHP is available in Ubuntu Linux. Unlike python and perl, which are installed in the base system, PHP must be added. <br />
<br />
To install PHP and the Apache PHP module you can enter the following command at a terminal prompt: <br />
<br />
<pre><br />
sudo apt install php libapache2-mod-php<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
You can run PHP scripts at a terminal prompt. To run PHP scripts at a terminal prompt you should install the php-cli package. To install php-cli you can enter the following command at a terminal prompt: <br />
<br />
<pre><br />
sudo apt install php-cli<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
You can also execute PHP scripts without installing the Apache PHP module. To accomplish this, you should install the php-cgi package. You can run the following command at a terminal prompt to install the php-cgi package: <br />
<br />
<pre><br />
sudo apt install php-cgi<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
To use MySQL with PHP you should install the php-mysql package. To install php-mysql you can enter the following command at a terminal prompt: <br />
<br />
<pre><br />
sudo apt install php-mysql<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
Similarly, to use PostgreSQL with PHP you should install the php-pgsql package. To install php-pgsql you can enter the following command at a terminal prompt: <br />
<br />
<pre><br />
sudo apt install php-pgsql<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
=Configuration=<br />
<br />
If you have installed the libapache2-mod-php or php-cgi packages, you can run PHP scripts from your web browser. If you have installed the php-cli package, you can run PHP scripts at a terminal prompt. <br />
<br />
By default, when libapache2-mod-php is installed, the Apache 2 Web server is configured to run PHP scripts. In other words, the PHP module is enabled in the Apache Web server when you install the module. Please verify if the files /etc/apache2/mods-enabled/php7.0.conf and /etc/apache2/mods-enabled/php7.0.load exist. If they do not exist, you can enable the module using the a2enmod command. <br />
<br />
Once you have installed the PHP related packages and enabled the Apache PHP module, you should restart the Apache2 Web server to run PHP scripts. You can run the following command at a terminal prompt to restart your web server: <br />
<br />
<pre><br />
sudo systemctl restart apache2.service<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
=Testing=<br />
<br />
To verify your installation, you can run the following PHP phpinfo script: <br />
<br />
<pre><br />
<?php<br />
phpinfo();<br />
?><br />
</pre><br />
<br />
You can save the content in a file phpinfo.php and place it under the DocumentRoot directory of the Apache2 Web server. Pointing your browser to http://hostname/phpinfo.php will display the values of various PHP configuration parameters. <br />
<br />
=References=<br />
<br />
# For more in depth information see the php.net documentation. <br />
# There are a plethora of books on PHP. A good book from O'Reilly is Learning PHP. PHP Cook Book is also good, but has no yet been updated for PHP7. <br />
# Also, see the Apache MySQL PHP Ubuntu Wiki page for more information.</div>198.71.86.201https://wiki.ubuntu.org.cn/index.php?title=%E6%B2%99%E7%9B%92&diff=153798沙盒2016-06-12T01:37:48Z<p>198.71.86.201:/* Installation */</p>
<hr />
<div>PHP is a general-purpose scripting language suited for Web development. PHP scripts can be embedded into HTML. This section explains how to install and configure PHP in an Ubuntu System with Apache2 and MySQL.<br />
<br />
This section assumes you have installed and configured Apache2 Web Server and MySQL Database Server. You can refer to the Apache2 and MySQL sections in this document to install and configure Apache2 and MySQL respectively.<br />
<br />
=Installation=<br />
<br />
PHP is available in Ubuntu Linux. Unlike python and perl, which are installed in the base system, PHP must be added. <br />
<br />
To install PHP and the Apache PHP module you can enter the following command at a terminal prompt: <br />
<br />
<pre><br />
sudo apt install php libapache2-mod-php<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
You can run PHP scripts at a terminal prompt. To run PHP scripts at a terminal prompt you should install the php-cli package. To install php-cli you can enter the following command at a terminal prompt: <br />
<br />
<pre><br />
sudo apt install php-cli<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
You can also execute PHP scripts without installing the Apache PHP module. To accomplish this, you should install the php-cgi package. You can run the following command at a terminal prompt to install the php-cgi package: <br />
<br />
<pre><br />
sudo apt install php-cgi<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
To use MySQL with PHP you should install the php-mysql package. To install php-mysql you can enter the following command at a terminal prompt: <br />
<br />
<pre><br />
sudo apt install php-mysql<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
Similarly, to use PostgreSQL with PHP you should install the php-pgsql package. To install php-pgsql you can enter the following command at a terminal prompt: <br />
<br />
<pre><br />
sudo apt install php-pgsql<br />
</pre></div>198.71.86.201https://wiki.ubuntu.org.cn/index.php?title=Ubuntu/Web_Servers/PHP_-_Scripting_Language&diff=153797Ubuntu/Web Servers/PHP - Scripting Language2016-06-12T01:33:48Z<p>198.71.86.201:/* PHP - Scripting Language */</p>
<hr />
<div>本文引子[https://help.ubuntu.com/16.04/serverguide/php.html PHP - Scripting Language]</div>198.71.86.201https://wiki.ubuntu.org.cn/index.php?title=%E6%B2%99%E7%9B%92&diff=153796沙盒2016-06-12T01:33:16Z<p>198.71.86.201:/* Installation */</p>
<hr />
<div>PHP is a general-purpose scripting language suited for Web development. PHP scripts can be embedded into HTML. This section explains how to install and configure PHP in an Ubuntu System with Apache2 and MySQL.<br />
<br />
This section assumes you have installed and configured Apache2 Web Server and MySQL Database Server. You can refer to the Apache2 and MySQL sections in this document to install and configure Apache2 and MySQL respectively.<br />
<br />
=Installation=<br />
<br />
PHP is available in Ubuntu Linux. Unlike python and perl, which are installed in the base system, PHP must be added. <br />
<br />
To install PHP and the Apache PHP module you can enter the following command at a terminal prompt: <br />
<br />
<pre><br />
sudo apt install php libapache2-mod-php<br />
</pre></div>198.71.86.201https://wiki.ubuntu.org.cn/index.php?title=%E6%B2%99%E7%9B%92&diff=153795沙盒2016-06-12T01:31:52Z<p>198.71.86.201:</p>
<hr />
<div>PHP is a general-purpose scripting language suited for Web development. PHP scripts can be embedded into HTML. This section explains how to install and configure PHP in an Ubuntu System with Apache2 and MySQL.<br />
<br />
This section assumes you have installed and configured Apache2 Web Server and MySQL Database Server. You can refer to the Apache2 and MySQL sections in this document to install and configure Apache2 and MySQL respectively.<br />
<br />
=Installation=<br />
<br />
PHP is available in Ubuntu Linux. Unlike python and perl, which are installed in the base system, PHP must be added. <br />
<br />
# To install PHP and the Apache PHP module you can enter the following command at a terminal prompt: <br/><code style="background-color:lightgray">sudo apt install php libapache2-mod-php<br />
</code></div>198.71.86.201https://wiki.ubuntu.org.cn/index.php?title=Ubuntu/Web_Servers/PHP_-_Scripting_Language&diff=153794Ubuntu/Web Servers/PHP - Scripting Language2016-06-12T01:28:51Z<p>198.71.86.201:</p>
<hr />
<div>本文引子[https://help.ubuntu.com/16.04/serverguide/php.html PHP - Scripting Language]<br />
<br />
=PHP - Scripting Language=</div>198.71.86.201https://wiki.ubuntu.org.cn/index.php?title=%E9%98%B5%E5%88%97%E5%8D%A1&diff=153571阵列卡2016-05-20T03:29:36Z<p>198.71.86.201:/* 阵列卡操作基本原则 */</p>
<hr />
<div>== 基本概念 ==<br />
<br />
=== raid0 ===<br />
<br />
有时我们运行一个数据库或网页服务,其大小超越了一个硬盘大小。传统方式就无法使用,因为根本无法指定文件夹位置。因为其处于两个硬盘。<br />
<br />
为此出现了一类技术,把所有硬盘作为容器组织起来,变成一个超级大硬盘。这就是raid0.<br />
<br />
这种组织方式不是简单的连续存储,而是使用条带技术,导致数据被分散在所有硬盘中。也就是说,使用传统方式无法正确读取数据,必须严格的安照组合方式、配置信息、使用专门的软件或硬件(阵列卡)。任何一个错误,数据都读不了。<br />
<br />
所以有了大量修复教程。但就raid0而言,如果某硬盘出现一个坏道,很有可能全部数据都读了。普通人根本无法进行修复。<br />
<br />
特点:容量超大,安全性差,速度超快(多硬盘并发,有几个硬盘速度就有几倍)。<br />
<br />
<br />
=== raid1 ===<br />
数据很贵重,比硬盘贵多了。特别是商业用的数据。为了保护数据,发明了raid1<br />
<br />
2个硬盘一个组,以此类推。2个硬盘读写操作是同步的,内容也是完全一样的。与raid0不同,它不使用条带技术。所以在普通机子上,无需配置休息也能读取硬盘上的内容。<br />
<br />
每组2个硬盘中,任意一个损坏,均可进行替换(有些能热替换)。重建数据。如果有热替换,就保证了24小时不中断服务的可能。这在银行等商业公司极为重要。<br />
<br />
特点:性能有小下降。安全性极高。存储空间只有实际硬盘的一半。<br />
<br />
<br />
=== raid10 ===<br />
先组raid1 。再把raid1的那些硬盘组,组合为raid0。<br />
<br />
特点:安全性高。使用了条带技术,故硬盘不能在普通机上读取。容量超大。存储空间只有实际硬盘的一半。<br />
<br />
<br />
=== raid0+1 ===<br />
先组raid0 。再把raid0的那2个硬盘组,组合为raid1。<br />
<br />
因此RAID0+1允许坏多个盘,但只能在坏在同一个RAID0中,不允许两个RAID0都有坏盘。<br />
<br />
安全性差,远不及raid10。<br />
<br />
=== raid2(少见) ===<br />
raid0 改良版<br />
<br />
http://baike.baidu.com/view/103897.htm?fromtitle=RAID2&fromid=4728727&type=syn<br />
<br />
=== raid3 ===<br />
raid0 的基础上多加一个硬盘,来存放校验码。<br />
<br />
任意一个硬盘坏了,从校验盘恢复。校验盘坏了,重建就可。<br />
<br />
性能不及raid0,写操作必须使用校验盘。RAID3比较适合大文件类型且安全性要求较高的应用,如视频编辑、硬盘播出机、大型数据库等。<br />
<br />
=== raid4(少见) ===<br />
raid3 升级版。<br />
<br />
在失败恢复时,它的难度比RAID3大得多了,控制器的设计难度也要大许多,而且访问数据的效率不怎么好。<br />
<br />
=== raid5 ===<br />
RAID5把数据和相对应的奇偶校验信息存储到组成RAID5的各个磁盘上。容量N-1<br />
<br />
速度接近raid0 安全高。<br />
<br />
容许1个硬盘损坏<br />
<br />
=== raid6 ===<br />
raid5的升级版 。容量n-2<br />
<br />
速度慢于raid5 安全性很高<br />
<br />
容许2个硬盘损坏<br />
<br />
=== lvm ===<br />
(逻辑卷管理)的简写,它是Linux环境下对磁盘分区进行管理的一种机制<br />
<br />
可以动态分区,随意调整分区大小。<br />
<br />
多个硬盘情况下,可实现raid功能。<br />
<br />
启动区不能使用lvm /root<br />
<br />
无需阵列卡,属于软raid.<br />
<br />
<br />
== 特点建议 ==<br />
除了raid 6 其它的均不能损坏超过2个硬盘(同一个硬盘组中)。<br />
<br />
# 如果数据非常重要,建议使用 raid1。即便硬盘出现坏道,也能在普通机上最大可能恢复数据。<br />
# 如果需要24小时在线不间断运行或容量有要求。建议使用raid6。<br />
# 如果只是普通用户,建议不使用raid。而使用软件备份方式。<br />
<br />
raid操作涉及了大量基础概念。新手在组建时问题还不大,但遇到掉组、损坏、重建时,往往就傻了。特别是raid 3 4 5,在恢复数据时,往往重建到一半发现其它硬盘也出现坏道而无法读取,导致所有数据完全丢失。<br />
<br />
raid硬盘有严格的顺序要求,一旦再安装时放错,无法读写。甚至要重建raid信息。阵列卡种类不同,raid的各类操作也有不同,给新手带来的很多问题。<br />
<br />
新手们 raid有风险,使用要谨慎。如果真的要用,一定要使用其它硬盘备份!切记!切记!什么都比不上数据的价值!<br />
<br />
<br />
== 阵列卡操作基本原则 ==<br />
# 机架式服务器一般都使用阵列卡。使用sata线直接连接硬盘,一者硬盘数量有限。一者,可能根本就无法使用。<br />
# 阵列卡带有200M以上的缓存,能提高读取性能 <br />
# 阵列卡多带有电池,有断电数据保护功能。<br />
<br />
建议一定要带电池的阵列卡。启用缓存功能才安全。否则就只建议启用读缓存。</div>198.71.86.201https://wiki.ubuntu.org.cn/index.php?title=%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA:Oneleaf&diff=153443用户讨论:Oneleaf2016-04-28T02:16:17Z<p>198.71.86.201:/* 申请加入 apt: 链接识别 */</p>
<hr />
<div>要发起新话题可以按顶上的加号哟。<br />
<br />
== 默认禁用 rich editor ==<br />
<br />
一叶兄,能不能考虑 默认禁用 wiki 中的 Rich editor,个人认为默认掉对wiki新手应该更好一点,真需要用rich editor的网友可以修改个人参数设置来启用。--[[User:Dbzhang800|Dbzhang800]] 2008年4月15日 (二) 11:17 (CST)<br />
<br />
如果这样,对于新手非常困难,因为对于需要手工维护wiki的文档是一个挑战 [[User:Oneleaf|oneleaf]] 2008年4月15日 (二) 12:45 (CST)<br />
<br />
== 删除 翻译请求/zh ==<br />
<br />
oneleaf,删除这个词条吧[[翻译请求/zh]],--[[User:Dbzhang800|Dbzhang800]] 2008年4月25日 (六) 18:15 (CST)<br />
<br />
ok ,已经删除 [[User:Oneleaf|oneleaf]]<br />
<br />
== 申请加入 apt: 链接识别 ==<br />
<br />
oneleaf, ubuntu@TW wiki 中提供了一键安装的功能 [http://wiki.ubuntu.org.tw/index.php/%E4%B8%80%E9%8D%B5%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%9D_Ubuntu_%E8%BB%9F%E9%AB%94 一鍵安裝 Ubuntu 軟體]<br />
我在论坛 初学者园地 建立投票,发现大多数网友比较喜欢这个功能,所以我想在 wiki 词条 [[Qref/Apps]] 引入 这个功能。<br />
<br />
但由于 wiki 默认不支持 [apt:firefox firefox] 这种语法,不清楚老大能不能通过修改wiki的参数让其支持。<br />
--[[User:Dbzhang800|Dbzhang800]] 2008年5月29日 (四) 13:17 (CST)<br />
<br />
请读 https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:$wgUrlProtocols<br />
<br />
== 站点导航添加条目 ==<br />
<br />
你好,<br />
我想在ubuntu的wiki中的“程序开发”栏目中添加一个“软件翻译”的栏目 ,因为软件的翻译也是一个完整的产品开发的环节之一,现在的“程序开发”就没有考虑到这个,但是我点击“编辑”发现无法编辑wiki的首页,想咨询一下你该如何添加?谢谢!!<br />
<br />
ok,已经增加. [[User:Oneleaf|oneleaf]] 2009年3月11日 (三) 23:25 (CST)<br />
<br />
== 關於 [[OpenVZ]] 內的指令稿片段 ==<br />
<br />
其實 bash script 可以用<br />
<pre><source lang="bash">#!/bin/bash<br />
# blah<br />
echo hahaha</source></pre><br />
<br />
<source lang="bash">#!/bin/bash<br />
# blah<br />
echo hahaha</source><br />
<br />
這樣子高亮的。<br />
<br />
(現在這裡的 MediaWiki 和 SyntaxHighlight 擴充都有點老,用的還是比較蠢蛋的 GeSHi,對 bash 經常會亂來,所以要不要高亮還是看心情吧。)--[[Special:用户贡献/192.157.249.221|192.157.249.221]] 2016年4月28日 (四) 09:33 (CST) ([[User:Arthur2e5]] 懶得登入)<br />
<br />
== “目录”两个字占空间太大 ==<br />
<br />
考虑加这个 CSS:<br />
<br />
<source lang="css">#toctitle h2 {<br />
margin: 0.5em 0;<br />
}</source><br />
<br />
== CloudFlare 会隐藏实际编者 IP? ==<br />
<br />
我看到我现在这个 192.157.249.221 IP 不对欸。<br />
<br />
查到了:<br />
https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:CloudFlare#Anonymous_IP_user_identification</div>198.71.86.201https://wiki.ubuntu.org.cn/index.php?title=%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA:Oneleaf&diff=153438用户讨论:Oneleaf2016-04-28T01:53:25Z<p>198.71.86.201:/* “目录”两个字占空间太大 */ 新段落</p>
<hr />
<div>要发起新话题可以按顶上的加号哟。<br />
<br />
== 默认禁用 rich editor ==<br />
<br />
一叶兄,能不能考虑 默认禁用 wiki 中的 Rich editor,个人认为默认掉对wiki新手应该更好一点,真需要用rich editor的网友可以修改个人参数设置来启用。--[[User:Dbzhang800|Dbzhang800]] 2008年4月15日 (二) 11:17 (CST)<br />
<br />
如果这样,对于新手非常困难,因为对于需要手工维护wiki的文档是一个挑战 [[User:Oneleaf|oneleaf]] 2008年4月15日 (二) 12:45 (CST)<br />
<br />
== 删除 翻译请求/zh ==<br />
<br />
oneleaf,删除这个词条吧[[翻译请求/zh]],--[[User:Dbzhang800|Dbzhang800]] 2008年4月25日 (六) 18:15 (CST)<br />
<br />
ok ,已经删除 [[User:Oneleaf|oneleaf]]<br />
<br />
== 申请加入 apt: 链接识别 ==<br />
<br />
oneleaf, ubuntu@TW wiki 中提供了一键安装的功能 [http://wiki.ubuntu.org.tw/index.php/%E4%B8%80%E9%8D%B5%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%9D_Ubuntu_%E8%BB%9F%E9%AB%94 一鍵安裝 Ubuntu 軟體]<br />
我在论坛 初学者园地 建立投票,发现大多数网友比较喜欢这个功能,所以我想在 wiki 词条 [[Qref/Apps]] 引入 这个功能。<br />
<br />
但由于 wiki 默认不支持 [apt:firefox firefox] 这种语法,不清楚老大能不能通过修改wiki的参数让其支持。<br />
--[[User:Dbzhang800|Dbzhang800]] 2008年5月29日 (四) 13:17 (CST)<br />
<br />
== 站点导航添加条目 ==<br />
<br />
你好,<br />
我想在ubuntu的wiki中的“程序开发”栏目中添加一个“软件翻译”的栏目 ,因为软件的翻译也是一个完整的产品开发的环节之一,现在的“程序开发”就没有考虑到这个,但是我点击“编辑”发现无法编辑wiki的首页,想咨询一下你该如何添加?谢谢!!<br />
<br />
ok,已经增加. [[User:Oneleaf|oneleaf]] 2009年3月11日 (三) 23:25 (CST)<br />
<br />
== 關於 [[OpenVZ]] 內的指令稿片段 ==<br />
<br />
其實 bash script 可以用<br />
<pre><source lang="bash">#!/bin/bash<br />
# blah<br />
echo hahaha</source></pre><br />
<br />
<source lang="bash">#!/bin/bash<br />
# blah<br />
echo hahaha</source><br />
<br />
這樣子高亮的。<br />
<br />
(現在這裡的 MediaWiki 和 SyntaxHighlight 擴充都有點老,用的還是比較蠢蛋的 GeSHi,對 bash 經常會亂來,所以要不要高亮還是看心情吧。)--[[Special:用户贡献/192.157.249.221|192.157.249.221]] 2016年4月28日 (四) 09:33 (CST) ([[User:Arthur2e5]] 懶得登入)<br />
<br />
== “目录”两个字占空间太大 ==<br />
<br />
考虑加这个 CSS:<br />
<br />
<source lang="css"><nowiki>#toctitle h2 {<br />
margin: 0.5em 0;<br />
}</nowiki></source></div>198.71.86.201https://wiki.ubuntu.org.cn/index.php?title=%E7%A5%9E%E5%B7%9E%E6%95%B0%E7%A0%81802.1x%E3%80%81DCBA%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE%E8%AE%A4%E8%AF%81%E6%96%B9%E6%A1%88&diff=153422神州数码802.1x、DCBA协议认证方案2016-04-22T09:01:07Z<p>198.71.86.201:/* 山东聊城大学 */</p>
<hr />
<div>本文作者:PT <br />
<br />
授权许可:[http://www.creativecommons.cn/licenses/by-nc-sa/1.0/ 创作共享协议] <br />
<br />
测试平台:Ubuntu 8.04、8.10、9.04 <br />
<br />
= '''前言''' =<br />
<br />
神舟数码的认证主要有两种: <br />
<br />
# 802.1x EAPOL协议,基于链路层的认证;<br />
# DCBA-BAS,基于应用层的认证协议。<br />
<br />
常见采用其中一种或者两种联合使用。 <br />
<br />
其中802.1x的认证官方没有提供Win平台以外的软件,但有第三方分析出来版本如scut_supplicant,以及本文介绍的[http://code.google.com/p/zdcclient/ ZDClient]; 至于BAS的认证,官方提供了一个Linux的CLI程序upnet,也有基于其反汇编后写出的开源客户端[http://gitorious.org/aecium aecium]。 <br />
<br />
本文介绍两种协议的认证方法和具体的步骤,在其他Linux发行版下应该也通用。 <br />
<br />
= ZDClient 使用教程 =<br />
<br />
== 下载解压 ==<br />
<br />
从[http://code.google.com/p/zdcclient/ ZDClient项目主页]下载最新的二进制包,下面以zdclient_bin_1.1_i686_bin.tar.gz为例: <br />
<br />
tar xvfz zdclient_bin_1.1_i686_bin.tar.gz<br />
<br />
== 配置与安装 ==<br />
<br />
现在目录下有Readme.txt install runzdclient zdclient四个文件,先使用gedit之类的编辑器编辑runzdclient,把开始的user、pass分别换成您的帐号和密码并保存。<br />
<br />
安装需要root权限,这通常使用sudo或者su -c<br />
<br />
sudo ./install <br />
<br />
成功执行安装将看到####Installation Done.####的提示。 <br />
<br />
== 运行 ==<br />
<br />
如果用户配置的帐号信息无误并且安装成功,那么用户只需要运行runzdclient,即可看到有关的认证成功的信息。 <br />
<br />
如果系统内安装有libnotify的工具,运行脚本时会出现如图的提示(Ubuntu中的效果,如果没有,请安装sudo apt-get libnotify-bin):[没有安装libnotify-bin虽然不能显示,但并不影响认证。] <br />
<br />
[[Image:Notify.png|border|150px|服务器信息]]<br />
<br />
可以通过桌面的启动器运行runzdclient,或把把runzdclient加入到比如GNOME的“系统->首选项->启动程序“当中,以便每次登录系统即可自动认证上网。 <br />
<br />
更详细请看ZDClient的用户手册:[http://code.google.com/p/zruijie4gzhu/wiki/zRuijie_User_Manual]<br />
<br />
= DCBA-BAS 使用教程 =<br />
<br />
DCBA-BAS的认证是基于应用层的:<br />
[[File:LinuxClient.tar.gz]]<br />
下载附件到主文件夹,解压后有一个linuxClient文件夹。 <br />
<br />
运行终端进入linuxClient: <br />
<br />
./upnet -h host -u username -p password<br />
<br />
(-h是认证主机的IP,-u是用户名,-p是密码,如果不清楚网络的认证主机,可以查看Win版本的客户端中的ini文件的信息) <br />
<br />
之后程序会提示选择服务,按1,回车即可。屏幕提示如下: <br />
<br />
$ ./upnet -h 192.168.28.5 -u user -p password<br />
Warning: bad ps syntax, perhaps a bogus '-'? See [http://procps.sf.net/faq.html http://procps.sf.net/faq.html]<br />
select server:<br />
1. servicename<br />
please select(e-Exit):1'''(输入1选择服务器)'''<br />
The attestation is successful, you can be then now internet access!(提示认证成功,可以上网了) <br />
<br />
== 使用shell脚本保存账号密码 ==<br />
<br />
1.复制程序到系统本地程序目录 <br />
<br />
$sudo cp upnet downnet /usr/local/bin<br />
<br />
2.在用户目录下运行完整运行一次认证(生成attrfile.ini自动应答文件) <br />
<br />
$cd<br />
$upnet -h 192.168.28.5 -u user -p password<br />
<br />
'''若能成功上网,可运行downnet,再执行一次不带-h参数的upnet,应该能正常免应答认证。''' <br />
<br />
3.创建认证脚本 <br />
<br />
$sudo gedit /usr/local/bin/authupnet<br />
<br />
输入如下内容 <br />
<br />
#!/bin/sh<br />
upnet -u username -p password<br />
<br />
4.保存后给该文件赋予可执行权限 <br />
<br />
$sudo chmod +x /usr/local/bin/authupnet<br />
<br />
5.在终端里面直接执行authupnet,就可以上网了! <br />
<br />
$authupnet<br />
<br />
或者为authupnet建立一个桌面启动器,以后双击即可。 <br />
<br />
=== 注意事项 ===<br />
<br />
#至少在终端中命令方式运行一次upnet成功上网后,再配置脚本(第一次成功认证后程序会在当前目录下生成自动应答文件attrfile.ini)。 <br />
#常见程序给出This procedure has Exsit!的错误提示,但是又不能上网,是因为之前错误运行了upnet,而进程又没有正常退出的缘故。使用killall upnet命令终止程序,重新执行upnet。若情况依旧,试试执行downnet或者重启系统(重启x upnet不会终止)。 <br />
#upnet程序不会响应用户名密码是否正确,即使给与错误的帐号,其提示和正常认证一样。如发现不能上网,检查账户是否错误。<br />
<br />
=== 开源的aecium ===<br />
<br />
[http://gitorious.org/aecium aecium]本来是针对“安腾通信”公司的认证系统的客户端,不过和神州数码的BAS兼容。上面所说的upnet的缺点是只能使用系统中的eth0设备,如果你的网卡是eth1或者其他,就别想用了,而aecium则支持使用不同的网卡设备。 aecium的用法和上述的upnet程序几乎完全一致。 <br />
<br />
Aecium的二进制版本可在这里下载[[Image:Aecium.tar.gz]]<br />
<br />
= '''可正常使用的环境''' =<br />
<br />
===广州大学===<br />
广州大学使用aecium二次认证电信4M成功上网,操作系统ubuntu12.04。<br />
<br />
===山东财经大学===<br />
山东财经大学舜耕校区使用DCBA-BAS可以正常认证校园网<br />
<br />
===山东工商学院===<br />
山东工商学院使用DCBA-BAS可以正常认证校园网<br />
<br />
=== 武汉大学 ===<br />
武汉大学使用ZDClient 0.4 以上可正常认证校园网<br />
<br />
=== 山东聊城大学 ===<br />
山东聊城大学使用ZDClient 1.1以上可正常认证校园网,若使用1.0或以前版本,需要使用参数--ver 3.5.04.1110fk来定义认证版本。<br />
2016年4月22号,测试聊城大学无法认证<br />
<br />
===烟台大学===<br />
烟台大学使用DCBA-BAS可以正常认证校园网<br />
<br />
===三亚琼州学院===<br />
三亚琼州学院使用802.1X可以正常认证校园网<br />
<br />
===华农珠江学院===<br />
华农珠江学院使用DCBA-BAS可以正常认证校园网<br />
<br />
===广州工程技术职业学院===<br />
广州工程技术职业学院使用www.gameztc.com正常认证校园网<br />
[[Category:联网]]<br />
<br />
===广州中医药大学===<br />
广州中医药大学使用802.1X可以正常认证校园网<br />
并且在RHEL5.X使用成功<br />
<br />
12月6号起校园网升级 只要用zdclient一次认证就能上网了<br />
<br />
===华中科技大学文华学院===<br />
华中科技大学文华学院使用ZDClient 1.2可正常认证校园网,安装时需设置--dhcp参数。<br />
<br />
===重庆教育学院===<br />
重庆教育学院可以使用Aecium 0.0.1正常认证上互联网。<br />
<br />
===临沂职业学院===<br />
临沂职业学院使用802.1X可以正常认证校园网 测试平台ubuntu9.10,ubuntu11.04。<br />
<br />
===华南理工大学===<br />
华南理工大学使用ZDClient1.2一次认证就成功上网,操作系统ubuntu11.04。</div>198.71.86.201https://wiki.ubuntu.org.cn/index.php?title=%E6%A8%A1%E6%9D%BF:Main_page/News&diff=153410模板:Main page/News2016-04-21T17:13:53Z<p>198.71.86.201:/* Ubuntu 新闻 */</p>
<hr />
<div>== Ubuntu 新闻 ==<br />
<br />
;2016-04-21: Ubuntu 16.04 “xenial” 正式发布。http://releases.ubuntu.com/16.04/<br />
;2016-04-07: Ubuntu 将 [https://www.google.com/get/noto/help/cjk/ Noto Sans CJK] 作为[https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/1468027 默认中文字体]。此字体是[https://github.com/adobe-fonts/source-han-sans 思源黑体]的 Google 版本。([http://www.solidot.org/story?sid=47761 Solidot])<br />
;2016-04-06: [https://blogs.windows.com/windowsexperience/2016/04/06/announcing-windows-10-insider-preview-build-14316/ Windows 10b14316] 引入了一个 Linux 系统调用兼容层,可以运行 Ubuntu 14.04 的命令行环境。我们有 [[Wine]],他们有 Ubuntu on Windows。<br />
;2014-03-24: Ubuntu 16.04 “xenial” Final Beta。</div>198.71.86.201https://wiki.ubuntu.org.cn/index.php?title=%E9%94%90%E6%8D%B7%E3%80%81%E8%B5%9B%E5%B0%94%E8%AE%A4%E8%AF%81MentoHUST&diff=153272锐捷、赛尔认证MentoHUST2016-03-08T02:40:47Z<p>198.71.86.201:/* 支持院校 */</p>
<hr />
<div>作者:HustMoon<br />
<br />
本文是MentoHUST的使用教程,旨在介绍MentoHUST怎么用<br />
<br />
== 程序简介 ==<br />
* MentoHUST是一个支持Windows、Linux、Mac OS下锐捷认证的程序(附带支持赛尔认证)<br />
* Windows版MentoHUST支持Windows所有主流版本,与锐捷官方程序相比最大的优势是内存占用低,现已基本停止更新,现在锐捷官方程序也在改进中,所以建议在Windows下还是使用官方程序。<br />
* Linux版MentoHUST与Windows版兼容,所以如果能够在Windows下使用MentoHUST认证成功,就不必担心安装了Linux后不能使用校园网(当然是指用锐捷的学校)。<br />
* 锐捷官方Linux版久无更新,使用官方程序很多同学无法通过认证,有些能通过但容易掉线。虽然网上第三方Linux版锐捷客户端不少,但都大同小异,不能通过锐捷的客户端校验。Linux版MentoHUST是一个在Linux下与锐捷兼容性很好的认证客户端,方便使用Linux和锐捷的同学使用校园网。在成员kkHAIKE的努力下,MentoHUST现已支持锐捷的V3客户端校验算法,亦即MentoHUST已完全兼容锐捷所有版本(不论是否开启了变态的V3算法)。<br />
* Mac OS版MentoHUST是后来对Linux版MentoHUST在Mac OS上的编译(gcc很好很强大,赞)。<br />
<br />
== 主要功能 ==<br />
* 支持锐捷V2和V3客户端校验算法,完全兼容锐捷<br />
* 支持多网卡<br />
* 较好模拟锐捷各版本数据,支持目前所有版本锐捷<br />
* 支持静态IP和DHCP(动态IP)认证<br />
* 支持静态IP用户自定义IP(即绑定IP可与上网IP不同)<br />
* 支持服务器消息提示和计费信息提示<br />
* 认证成功稳定在线,即使掉线也可自动重连,支持ping某个IP智能重连<br />
* 有相关工具支持,可自定义数据文件以实现尽可能的兼容,无需修改代码即可兼容所有版本<br />
* 支持赛尔认证<br />
<br />
== 相关链接 ==<br />
* 项目主页:http://code.google.com/p/mentohust/<br />
* 最新版下载(包括源码):http://code.google.com/p/mentohust/downloads/list<br />
* Bug提交:http://code.google.com/p/mentohust/updates/list<br />
* 白云黄鹤NetResource版:http://www.byhh.net/cgi-bin/bbstcon?board=NetResource&file=M.1230774282.A<br />
* 白云黄鹤Linux版:http://Linux.byhh.net/<br />
* 其他下载地址:http://lewuya.ys168.com/ http://pcyard.qupan.com/<br />
<br />
== 联系方式 ==<br />
* [http://wpa.qq.com/msgrd?V=1&Uin=858387065&Menu=yes QQ]<br />
* [mailto:mentohust@ehust.co.cc E-mail]<br />
<br />
== 使用方法 ==<br />
* 由于Windows版MentoHUST有良好的GUI界面,所以不在讨论范围。<br />
* 以下所有内容都假定您下载的是Linux版MentoHUST当前(截至到2009.12.3)最新版0.3.3<br />
* MacOS版MentoHUST使用方法与Linux版相同。<br />
=== 安装 ===<br />
* 本程序依赖于libpcap,所以系统中必须要有libpcap.so.0.8、libpcap.so.0.9、libpcap.so.1.0、libpcap.so.1.1中的一个,现在主流的发行版都满足这一条件<br />
* 建议Ubuntu用户使用deb包安装,Fedora用户使用rpm包安装,非要使用其他形式安装的请自行解决<br />
* 下载地址:http://code.google.com/p/mentohust/downloads/list<br />
=== 使用 ===<br />
* 如果确定自己可以使用xrgsu认证成功,打开终端输入sudo mentohust运行即可。<br />
* 如果不确定,在终端中使用cd命令切换到锐捷所在目录,然后输入以下命令:<br />
sudo mkdir /etc/mentohust<br />
sudo cp ./8021x.exe /etc/mentohust<br />
sudo cp ./W32N55.dll /etc/mentohust<br />
然后打开终端输入sudo mentohust运行即可。如果认证失败,再切换到锐捷所在目录,输入以下命令:<br />
sudo cp ./SuConfig.dat /etc/mentohust<br />
然后打开终端输入sudo mentohust运行即可。<br />
<br />
PS:具体哪些版本需要SuConfig.dat不太确定,似乎锐捷3.63以前的不需要,以后的需要。<br />
*如果准确按以上步骤操作后还是认证失败,请下载MentoHUSTTool,在Windows下抓包并保存为data.mpf,<br />
然后回到Linux,在终端中使用cd命令切换到data.mpf所在目录,输入以下命令:<br />
sudo cp ./data.mpf /etc/mentohust<br />
然后打开终端输入sudo mentohust -f/etc/mentohust/data.mpf -w运行即可。以后也只需输入sudo mentohust。<br />
* 如何退出:不以后台模式运行mentohust时,按Ctrl+C或者关闭终端即可退出;后台运行时使用sudo mentohust -k退出认证。<br />
=== 开机运行 ===<br />
* 建议需要开机运行的用户使用sudo mentohust -b3 -y5 -w将MentoHUST设置为daemon运行并保存输出到/tmp/mentohust.log,开启消息通知。<br />
* Ubuntu、Fedora用户:选择菜单“系统->首选项->启动应用程序”,点击“添加”,输入名称MentoHUST,命令sudo mentohust,点击“添加”即可。<br />
* 对于没有修改/etc/sudoers文件使得sudo无需密码的用户,使用上面的方法是不能实现mentohust开机自动运行的,可通过修改/etc/rc.local或者/etc/gdm/Init/Default等文件来实现,例如:<br />
sudo gedit /etc/gdm/Init/Default<br />
然后在exit 0(最后一行)前面加入以下内容:<br />
if [ -x /usr/bin/mentohust ]; then<br />
/usr/bin/mentohust<br />
fi<br />
* MacOS用户:待编辑。<br />
<br />
== 参数详解 ==<br />
* MentoHUST参数丰富,以最大程度适应不同学校的不同锐捷认证环境。本程序使用配置文件(/etc/mentohust.conf)保存参数,虽然该配置文件是还算标准的ini格式文件,并不复杂,但还是有人因多加空格或;导致配置出现问题,所以不建议手工修改配置文件来设置参数。<br />
* 打开终端,输入sudo mentohust -h,将显示如下内容:<br />
欢迎使用MentoHUST 版本: 0.3.3<br />
Copyright (C) 2009 HustMoon Studio<br />
人到华中大,有甜亦有辣。明德厚学地,求是创新家。<br />
Bug report to http://code.google.com/p/mentohust/issues/list<br />
用法: mentohust [-选项][参数]<br />
选项: -h 显示本帮助信息<br />
-k 退出程序<br />
-w 保存参数到配置文件<br />
-u 用户名<br />
-p 密码<br />
-n 网卡名<br />
-i IP[默认本机IP]<br />
-m 子网掩码[默认本机掩码]<br />
-g 网关[默认0.0.0.0]<br />
-s DNS[默认0.0.0.0]<br />
-o Ping主机[默认0.0.0.0,表示关闭该功能]<br />
-t 认证超时(秒)[默认8]<br />
-e 响应间隔(秒)[默认30]<br />
-r 失败等待(秒)[默认15]<br />
-a 组播地址: 0(标准) 1(锐捷) 2(赛尔) [默认0]<br />
-d DHCP方式: 0(不使用) 1(二次认证) 2(认证后) 3(认证前) [默认0]<br />
-b 是否后台运行: 0(否) 1(是,关闭输出) 2(是,保留输出) 3(是,输出到文件) [默认0]<br />
-y 是否显示通知: 0(否) 1~20(是)[默认5]<br />
-f 自定义数据文件[默认不使用]<br />
-c DHCP脚本[默认dhclient]<br />
例如: mentohust -uusername -ppassword -neth0 -i192.168.0.1 -m255.255.255.0 -g0.0.0.0 -s0.0.0.0 -o0.0.0.0 -t8<br />
-e30 -r15 -a0 -d1 -b0 -fdefault.mpf -cdhclient<br />
使用时请确保是以root权限运行!<br />
* 下面逐一解释各参数。<br />
-h 或 -?:显示帮助信息,也就是上面的内容。<br />
<br />
-k:MentoHUST支持daemon运行(也就是认证成功后可以关闭终端而认证不会中断),当进入daemon运行方式后,是不能像没有进入这一模式<br />
时一样通过Ctrl+C退出的,这时如果需要退出就可以使用sudo mentohust -k。<br />
<br />
-w:在命令行参数中指定的参数默认不会保存到配置文件,如果需要保存,请加上该参数,例如sudo mentohust -uhust -p123456 -w<br />
将把用户名更新为hust,密码更新为123456。<br />
<br />
-u,-p,-n:分别指定用户名、密码、网卡,这三个参数如果不指定就会自动判断是否需要输入。<br />
<br />
-i,-m,-g,-s:用于静态IP用户指定学校分配的IP、子网掩码、网关、DNS,其中好像只有IP会影响认证是否成功(要想正常上网,<br />
还必须要在NetworkManager中设置IP、子网掩码、网关、DNS,在NetworkManager中设置好后在mentohust中可以不设置这些)。<br />
对于动态IP用户,这些参数无效。<br />
<br />
-o:指定智能重连时用来ping的目标IP,例如未认证时IP1.2.3.4无法ping通,认证成功后可以ping通,就可以加上参数-o1.2.3.4,当掉<br />
线且未收到服务器下线通知时会在掉线1分钟之内重连(除非网络不好,一般不会掉线,掉线且收到服务器下线通知时会在掉线后立即重连)。<br />
<br />
-t:指定认证时多少秒后仍未收到服务器回应则重启认证,一般保持默认即可。<br />
<br />
-e:指定认证成功后每隔多少秒向服务器发送一次数据以表明自己仍然在线,一般保持默认即可。<br />
<br />
-r:由于有些学校会规定认证失败后一定时间内不允许再次认证,所以在这期间不论发多少数据服务器都不会响应,为了减少这<br />
种垃圾数据,MentoHUST会在认证失败后等待一段时间或者服务器向客户端请求数据时再认证,这个时间就由此参数指定,一般保持默认即可。<br />
-r15并不是说在认证失败后15秒才会再次认证,如果在15秒内服务器发来一个数据包要求开始认证,MentoHUST会放弃等待,立即开始再次认证。<br />
<br />
-a:指定组播地址或客户端类型,-a0标准 -a1锐捷私有,这两个分别对应于锐捷中的标准和私有,有些学校只能用标准,有些学校只能用私<br />
有,所以如果提示“找不到服务器”而网卡并没有选错,就检查是不是这里设置错了。-a2表示将MentoHUST用于赛尔认证(赛尔的用-a0标准也行)。<br />
<br />
-d:指定DHCP方式,使用动态IP的同学应该在这里正确设置,一般不是1就是2,如果用3认证成功却无法上网,请改成1试试。<br />
使用静态IP的同学应该将这里设为0。<br />
<br />
-b:指定后台(daemon)运行方式,-b0不后台运行,这时认证成功后不能关闭终端;-b1、-b2后台运行,前者看不到输出,后者保留输出;<br />
-b3后台运行并将输出保存到/tmp/mentohust.log,可以随时打开该文件查看输出。<br />
<br />
-y:指定是否显示通知(notify),-y0不显示,1~20显示,其中数字指定通知持续时间(由于Ubuntu采用了新的通知机制,所以只在Fedora<br />
下时间才有效)。当该参数不为0且系统中有libnotify.so.1(几乎所有系统都有该文件),可显示如下效果的通知(上Ubuntu,下Fedora)<br />
[[Image:Mentohust.png|通知效果]]<br />
<br />
-f:由于MentoHUST内置数据是与xrgsu兼容的(即如果用xrgsu能认证成功,用MentoHUST不设置这个参数就也能认证成功),<br />
有些学校关闭了xrgsu的认证(一般提示“不允许使用的客户端类型”),这时可以将8021x.exe和W32N55.dll复制到/etc/mentohust目录,<br />
如果认证失败,再将SuConfig.dat复制到/etc/mentohust目录一般即可认证成功。如果还失败就需要抓包并指定该参数。<br />
到http://code.google.com/p/mentohust/downloads/list 下载MentoHUST抓包工具,然后运行其中的MentoHUSTTool,视情况勾选是否<br />
“集成8021x.exe”和“集成W32N55.dll”(建议勾选),点击“开始”,运行“锐捷”,捕获锐捷认证时的数据包,等待抓包结束保存文件。<br />
然后在Linux下将数据文件路径指定在这个参数中,如果没有勾选“集成8021x.exe”和“集成W32N55.dll”,则还要将8021x.exe与<br />
W32N55.dll复制到数据文件所在目录,接下来就可以开始认证了。认证失败的话,再将SuConfig.dat也复制到该目录即可认证成功。<br />
<br />
-c:指定动态IP用户DHCP时运行的脚本,一般保持默认即可。如果觉得这个输出太多影响和谐,可以改为-cdhclient>/dev/null。<br />
MacOS用户可尝试将它改成ipconfig set en0 DHCP,其中en0要与网卡名相同(sudo mentohust -c'ipconfig set en0 DHCP' -w)。<br />
<br />
* 配置及认证例子<br />
某静态IP(192.168.1.10)用户,用户名hust,密码123456,希望ping192.168.1.254智能重连,同时deamon方式保存输出到文件<br />
首先在NetworkManager中配置好IP、网关、掩码、DNS等信息,然后<br />
sudo mentohust -uhust -p123456 -o192.168.1.254 -b3 -w<br />
下次认证时只需 sudo mentohust<br />
退出 sudo mentohust -k<br />
<br />
某动态IP用户(二次认证),用户名hust,密码123456,使用数据文件/etc/mentohust/3_73.mpf<br />
sudo mentohust -uhust -p123456 -d1 -f/etc/mentohust/3_73.mpf -w<br />
下次认证时只需 sudo mentohust<br />
退出 按键Ctrl+C<br />
<br />
已经设置好了相关参数,需要临时使用用户名为hust@hust,密码与原密码相同的账号认证<br />
sudo mentohust -uhust@hust<br />
<br />
== 支持情况 ==<br />
=== 支持院校 ===<br />
* 对于允许xrgsu认证的院校,使用官方程序xrgsu或者mentohust不设置数据文件即可认证成功,这类院校比较多,所以不在此列出。在此列出的主要是那些不允许xrgsu认证但可以通过mentohust设置数据文件认证成功的院校(补充:[http://code.google.com/p/mentohust/downloads/list mentohust最新版]的默认数据除了xrgsu的,也有Windows版锐捷的,所以多数情况下是不需要抓包的;如果需要校验客户端例如合肥工大,也只需把锐捷的几个文件复制到/etc/mentohust或者使用-f参数指定锐捷所在的目录如-f'/media/程序/Ruijie/')。欢迎有此类经历的同学将自己学校的大名写在下面以方便后来人。<br />
* 此处的“客户端版本”是指锐捷的版本号,因为对于某个版本以前的锐捷需要复制两个文件,之后需要复制三个文件,这一版本大概为3.63,但不太确定,希望能通过更多数据弄准确。此外有些学校只是对版本号有限制,即不允许xrgsu以及小于某个版本的认证,这时只需使用'''sudo mentohust -v4.44 -w'''的方式认证一次(4.44是指模拟的版本号,可根据实际所用修改),能认证成功即说明不需要复制文件。认证成功无法上网应该查找其他原因,例如静态IP用户未正确设置IP/DNS、动态IP用户未正确设置DHCP脚本,而不应该怀疑认证有问题。<br />
* 华中科技大学(组播地址:如果锐捷私有找不到服务器就换标准 DHCP方式:不使用,请先手工设置好IP,目前可能也出现了动态IP,如果提示IP类型错误,切换该项设置 客户端版本:高于3.xx即可,推荐目前最高的4.44,不需要复制文件)<br />
* 徐州师范大学(组播地址:锐捷私有 DHCP方式:关闭 客户端版本:3.22 教学区有效)<br />
* 四川大学(组播地址:标准 DHCP方式:认证后 客户端版本:3.73)<br />
* 西安电子科技大学(组播地址:锐捷 DHCP方式:认证后 客户端版本:4.xx,需要复制8021x.exe和W32N55.dll以及SuConfig.dat文件到/etc/mentohust选择twice模式)<br />
* 合肥工业大学(组播地址:标准 DHCP方式:认证后 客户端版本:3.35)<br />
* 华侨大学(组播地址:锐捷 DHCP方式:认证后 客户端版本:4.96,需要复制8021x.exe和W32N55.dll以及SuConfig.dat文件到/etc/mentohust)<br />
* 安徽工业大学(组播地址:锐捷 DHCP方式:认证后 客户端版本:3.50,<br />
* 长安大学(复制8021x.exe以及W32N55.dll即可认证 DHCP方式:认证后 客户端版本:3.50)(锐捷升级4.21版,方法一,申请使用LINUX认证,不过这样就不能WIN下认证,方法二,在WIN下认证抓包,需8021x.exe,SuConfig.dat,按Mentohust说明设置即可)<br />
* 广东商学院(三水校区&本部校区)(复制8021x.exe和W32N55.dll文件到/etc/mentohust即可,组播地址:锐捷 DHCP方式:认证前 客户端版本:3.50)<br />
*安徽农业大学(组播地址:标准 DHCP方式:认证后或二次认证 客户端版本:3.54)<br />
*(成都)电子科技大学(清水河校区)a('''复制8021x.exe和W32N55.dll文件到/etc/mentohust即可''');b(组播地址:锐捷 DHCP方式:认证后 客户端版本:3.35);c(貌似要在Windows下你的IP记下来并在MentoHUST设置)('''有待高人指正''')<br />
*郑州大学(组播地址:私有 DHCP方式:关闭 客户端版本:2.xx)<br />
*湖北大学 (组播地址:锐捷 DHCP方式:不使用 客户端版本:0.3.4)<br />
*武汉工业学院(组播地址:标准 DHCP方式:关闭 客户端版本:0.3.4)<br />
*中央财经大学(学院南路校区)(组播地址:标准,DHCP,认证后 ,客户端版本0.3.4)<br />
*湖南工业大学(工学院)组播地址:标准 客户端版本0.3.4<br />
*哈尔滨工业大学(组播地址:锐捷 DHCP方式:不使用)<br />
*湘潭大学(组播地址:锐捷 DHCP方式:不使用 ,客户端版本0.3.4)<br />
*福建师范大学闽南科技学院(复制8021x.exe以及W32N55.dl到/etc/mentohust即可,组播地址:标准 DHCP:不使用 客户端版本3.95)<br />
*东莞理工(复制8021x.exe 和 W32N55.dll 到linux 的/etc/mentohust 下,StartMode=1)<br />
*武汉大学(信息学部、工学部、医学部)(复制8021x.exe 和 W32N55.dll 到 /etc/mentohust 下,DHCP:二次认证)<br />
*武汉纺织大学(客户端版本:0.3.4,主播地址:锐捷私有,DHPC:不使用)<br />
*北京中医药大学(1. Windows 系统:复制8021x.exe 和 W32N55.dll,抓包不要集成8021x.exe 和 W32N55.dll。2. MacOS 系统:抓包集成8021x.exe 和 W32N55.dll 即可)<br />
*华南师范大学(复制8021x.exe和W32N55.dll和SuConfig.dat文件到/etc/mentohust,并进行抓包处理,组播地址:锐捷 DHCP方式:认证前 。这是大学城校区的设置;本部的应该把DHCP设置为:不使用)<br />
*哈尔滨工程大学 (复制8021x.exe和W32N55.dll到/etc/mentohust,组播地址:锐捷 DHCP方式:不使用 。)<br />
* 宜春学院(复制8021.exe 和W32N55.dll和 SuConfig.dat文件到etc/mentohust,这三个文件需要自己Xp下的锐捷中取到,不能用别人的。组播地址:锐捷私有 DHCP方式:不使用,Version=3.65)<br />
*广东金融学院(不选择DHCP,确认设置请再mentohust.conf中查看)<br />
*西北工业大学(客户端版本:0.3.4,组播地址:锐捷私有,DHPC:认证前)<br />
*青岛理工大学(四方校区)(组播地址:标准或锐捷,DHCP:不使用 客户端版本号:4.43)<br />
*福州大学(要先抓包)<br />
*东北林业大学 (组播地址:锐捷 DHCP方式:二次认证 版本号:4.49)<br />
*中山大学(组播地址:标准,DHPC:二次认证,客户端版本0.3.4,注意:12.10 amd64中可能需要在Window中记录本机IP进行设置)<br />
*肇庆学院(需要先使用MentoHUSTTool抓包工具进行抓包。组播地址:标准,DHPC:不使用。)<br />
*暨南大学本部及南校区(组播地址:0 DHCP方式:2 客户端版本:3.38 认证成功后点击右上角到自动以太网)<br />
*广州医科大学(全默认设置即可)<br />
<br />
=== 不支持院校 ===<br />
* MentoHUST现已支持锐捷的V2和V3客户端校验算法,所以目前不论学校是否不允许xrgsu认证,是否开启锐捷V3客户端校验算法,MentoHUST都是可以认证成功的。所以没有不支持院校,就目前来说,使用最新版MentoHUST认证失败是配置不正确的结果,欢迎有此类经历的同学多与他人交流以便尽快在Linux上顺利使用校园网[http://code.google.com/p/mentohust/updates/list]。<br />
[[Category:联网]]<br />
沈阳航空航天大学,现在锐捷版本4.63抓包后测试仍然不成功,提示,请使用管理员指定客户端<br />
欢迎使用MentoHUST 版本: 0.3.4<br />
Copyright (C) 2009-2010 HustMoon Studio<br />
人到华中大,有甜亦有辣。明德厚学地,求是创新家。<br />
Bug report to http://code.google.com/p/mentohust/issues/list<br />
<br />
** 用户名: **********<br />
** 网卡: eth0<br />
** 认证超时: 8秒<br />
** 心跳间隔: 30秒<br />
** 失败等待: 15秒<br />
** 允许失败: 8次<br />
** 组播地址: 锐捷<br />
** DHCP方式: 二次认证<br />
** 通知超时: 5秒<br />
** 数据文件: /etc/mentohust/data.mpf<br />
** DHCP脚本: dhclient<br />
!! 在网卡eth0上获取IP失败!<br />
!! 在网卡eth0上获取子网掩码失败!<br />
** 本机MAC: 54:04:a6:77:1d:d7<br />
** 使用IP: 0.0.0.0<br />
** 子网掩码: 255.255.255.255<br />
>> 寻找服务器...<br />
** 认证MAC: 00:d0:f8:8c:3d:49<br />
>> 发送用户名...<br />
>> 发送密码...<br />
** 客户端版本: 4.63<br />
** MD5种子: b3:59:2b:32:7a:ee:02:d8:c2:d6:1f:0a:93:08:36:3f<br />
** V2校验值: d183e630622f6fe1c40eaec9b5623b2c<br />
** V3校验值: 07117d636bb21fd7394d10aaf406af82700b5f6d7d6c1a73dc2e60cf17cd919d9465a6f3ec54fcd40721a761e555893a457ed99d9c25f21559912439bb3f5d76<br />
>> 认证失败!<br />
$$ 系统提示: 用户处于黑名单中!<br />
!! 打开libnotify失败,请检查是否已安装该库文件。</div>198.71.86.201https://wiki.ubuntu.org.cn/index.php?title=Qref/Apps&diff=152745Qref/Apps2015-11-30T08:05:17Z<p>198.71.86.201:/* 信息收集整理处理 */ 不要推荐差劲的东西了。</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Qref}}<br />
==速配指南之软件参考==<br />
{{Qref Info}} '''本文定位:'''<br />
作为[[速配指南]]的补充,列出精选软件。若想将论坛[http://forum.ubuntu.org.cn/viewforum.php?f=95 软件推荐]的内容逐步补充至wiki,请不要挤压到本文。<br />
<br />
{{Qref Info}} '''本文作用:'''为新手指明软件的选择,也可供已入门的同仁参考。<br />
<br />
{{Qref Alarm}} '''注意事项:'''<br />
# <font color="red">本文及文中涉及到的词条亟待你的完善。</font>编辑本文前请访问本文[[Talk:Qref/Applications|讨论页]]<br />
# 文中标 {{Qref Ubuntu Logo}} 和 {{Qref Kubuntu Logo}} 分别代表 Ubuntu/GNOME (使用GTK+) 和 Kubuntu/KDE (使用QT) 默认或选用安装的软件。文中标 {{Qref Medibuntu Logo}} 的为 Medibuntu 源中的程序。<br />
<br />
;关于前端和后端的解释<br />
Linux下程序通常不需要作为一个整体,而是模块化,于是有了可选的前端和后端——这种情况下:前端可以搭配不同后端,后端也可以搭配不同前端。<br />
前端(界面,即你操作的部分):图形和命令均有<br />
后端(执行,运行指令的部分)<br />
<br />
__TOC__<br />
<br />
==工具==<br />
=== 输入法平台 ===<br />
每个输入法平台都能加装很多种类输入法引擎sunpinyin rime 等、输入法(如二笔、五笔、拼音)<br />
{{Qref Applications Table}}<br />
{{Qref Applications Row||[[IBus]]|http://code.google.com/p/ibus|(K)Ubuntu 9.10之后预设输入法平台,为取代停滞的SCIM创造|ibus}}<br />
{{Qref Applications Row||[[Fcitx]]|http://code.google.com/p/fcitx/|小企鹅输入法平台|fcitx}}<br />
{{Qref Applications Row||[[ucimf]]|http://code.google.com/p/ucimf/|命令行模式中文输入法,一般配合fbterm命令行终端中文支持使用|}}<br />
{{Qref Applications Row|web|[[Fireinput]]|http://www.fireinput.com/main.php|火输(Fireinput)是一款集成于火狐(Mozilla Firefox)浏览器中文输入软件。|}}<br />
{{Qref Applications Row||[[SCIM]]|http://www.scim-im.org/|(K)Ubuntu9.10之前版本使用的GTK输入法平台,项目已经停止很久,不推荐|scim}}<br />
{{Qref Applications Row||[[yong]]|http://yong.uueasy.com/|小小输入法平台,支持、二笔、五笔、搜狗拼音、多种输入法}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== 终端 ===<br />
{{Qref Applications Table}}<br />
{{Qref Applications Row|Kubuntu|[[konsole]]|http://konsole.kde.org/|KDE的终端程序|konsole}}<br />
{{Qref Applications Row|Ubuntu|[[gnome-terminal]]|ftp://ftp.gnome.org/pub/GNOME/sources/gnome-terminal/|Gnome的终端程序|gnome-terminal}}<br />
{{Qref Applications Row|Ubuntu|[[terminator]]|http://www.tenshu.net/terminator|一个可以随意分割的终端程序|terminator}}<br />
{{Qref Applications Row|Xubuntu|[[terminal]]|http://www.xfce.org/projects/terminal|Xubuntu的终端程序|xfce4-terminal}}<br />
{{Qref Applications row||[[YaKuake]]|http://yakuake.uv.ro/|KDE的仿Quake终端程序|yakuake}}<br />
{{Qref Applications Row||[[urxvt]]|http://software.schmorp.de/pkg/rxvt-unicode.html|rxvt-unicode,快速且漂亮的终端,高定制性|xrxvt-unicode}}<br />
{{Qref Applications Row||[[xterm]]|http://xterm.org|xterm,非常快速的终端模拟器,中文支持好,可定制。}}<br />
{{Qref Applications Row||[[screen]]|http://savannah.gnu.org/projects/screen|screen,一个支持多屏幕的终端软件,可以防止因为闪断,掉线而引起的会话中断|screen}}<br />
{{Qref Applications Row||[[byobu]]|http://launchpad.net/byobu|byobu,一个基于screen的窗口管理器,在一个终端下,可以管理若干会话|byobu}}<br />
{{Qref Applications Row||[[zhcon]]||zhcon,一个中文的终端,带有framebuffer,方便在终端下,浏览中文|zhcon}}<br />
{{Qref Applications Row||[[Guake]]|http://guake.org|guake, Gnome风格的下拉式终端,多标签页、半透明支持|guake}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== 网络应用 ==<br />
===即时通讯===<br />
语音视频啥的和QQ没关系。<br />
{{Qref Applications Table}}<br />
{{Qref Applications Row| |[[Pidgin]]|http://www.pidgin.im|多协议,GTK+,XMPP语音,推荐|pidgin}}<br />
{{Qref Applications Row|Ubuntu|[[Empathy]]|http://live.gnome.org/Empathy|多协议,语音/视频|empathy}}<br />
{{Qref Applications Row|Kubuntu|[[Kopete]]|http://kopete.kde.org|KDE默认,多协议|kopete}} <br />
{{Qref Applications Row|web|Web3.0 QQ|http://web3.qq.com/|腾讯的web3.0网页版,功能更丰富,推荐}}<br />
{{Qref Applications Row|web|Web Fetion|https://webim.feixin.10086.cn/login.aspx|官方网页版飞信,推荐}} <br />
{{Qref Applications Row| |[[amsn]]|http://www.amsn-project.net|MSN 客户端,Tcl 编写,界面古老,功能尚且稳定。Ubuntu 11.10 及以前的用户使用|amsn}}<br />
{{Qref Applications Row| |[[Emesene]]|http://www.emesene.org|MSN 客户端,GTK+编写,推荐|emesene}}<br />
{{Qref Applications Row|Kubuntu|[[KMess]]|http://kmess.org/|MSN 客户端,KDE 程序,新版本功能强大,文件传输快速稳定,推荐 Ubuntu 12.04 以上用户使用|kmess}} <br />
{{Qref Applications Row| |[[Openfetion|Openfetion飞信]]|http://code.google.com/p/ofetion|Openfetion是基于GTK+2.0的IM客户端,使用中国移动飞信v4版本协议,功能比较完善,极力推荐|openfetion}}<br />
{{Qref Applications Row|Medibuntu|[[Skype]]|http://www.skype.com|常见的语音、视频、电话、聊天、文件传输工具,推荐|skype}}<br />
{{Qref Applications Row| |[[iptux]] |http://code.google.com/p/iptux/|局域网信使, 相当于飞鸽传书,傻瓜型}}<br />
{{Qref Applications Row|Kubuntu|[[Quassel]]|http://quassel-irc.org/|irc聊天软件,QT4,推荐|quassel}} <br />
{{Qref Applications Row|Kubuntu|[[Konversation]]|http://konversation.kde.org/|irc聊天软件,QT4|konversation}}<br />
{{Qref Applications Row| |[[Chatzilla]]|http://www.chatzilla.org/|GTK+,基于Mozilla技术的irc聊天软件,可独立可作为Firefox扩展,推荐}} <br />
{{Qref Applications Row| |[[Xchat]]|http://www.xchat.org/|GTK+,irc聊天软件|xchat}} <br />
{{Qref Applications Row| |[[Kvirc]]|http://www.kvirc.net/|QT4,irc聊天软件|kvirc}} <br />
{{Qref Applications Row| |[[irssi]]|http://www.irssi.org/|终端下最常用的irc客户端|irssi}}<br />
{{Qref Applications Row| |[[HexChat]]|http://hexchat.github.io/|基于XChat的IRC客户端,多个平台都是自由软件}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===web浏览器===<br />
<br />
{{Qref Applications Table}}<br />
{{Qref Applications Row|Ubuntu|[[Firefox]]|http://www.mozilla.com/firefox|Firefox,俗称火狐,Ubuntu默认,速度一般,有很丰富的扩展和最多的第三方插件|firefox}}<br />
{{Qref Applications Row||[[蚂蚁浏览器]]|http://down.myie.me/myie9down/myieForUbuntu.tar|启动不到2秒,支持淘宝支付宝,有此功能:片头广告过滤,右键手势,拖拽搜索等|myie}}<br />
{{Qref Applications Row||[[Chromium]]|http://code.google.com/chromium/|速度快|chromium-browser}}<br />
{{Qref Applications Row||[[Opera]]|http://www.opera.com|web浏览器,非自由软件。性能出色,集成功能最多。使用中文需设置。|opera}}<br />
{{Qref Applications Row||[[Chrome]]|http://www.google.com/chrome|google在chromium基础上添加自己需要创造的浏览器,速度快}}<br />
{{Qref Applications row|Xubuntu|Midori|http://www.twotoasts.de/index.php?/pages/midori_summary.html|Xfce默认网页浏览器,webkit内核,速度快,不够稳定亦不完善|midori}}<br />
{{Qref Applications Row||[[Dillo3]]|http://www.dillo.org/download.html|Dillo 是以快速小巧为特色的网络浏览器,小型 Linux 发行版中常见。Dillo 基于 FLTK 编写。|Dillo3}}<br />
{{Qref Applications Row||[[w3m]]|http://w3m.sourceforge.net|字符界面浏览器,日本人编写,对东亚语言支持较好|w3m}}<br />
{{Qref Applications Row||[[Lynx]]|http://lynx.browser.org/|Lynx是个纯文字网页浏览器,是在具有强调文字功能的终端上使用的|lynx}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===ftp客户端===<br />
{{Qref Applications Table}}<br />
{{Qref Applications row| |FileZilla|http://filezilla-project.org|wxWidgets编写的FTP客户端,易用、界面类似CuteFTP,功能强大,跨平台|filezilla}}<br />
{{Qref Applications Row|Kubuntu|kftpgrabber|http://www.kftp.org|KDE程序,良好的中文支持|kftpgrabber}}<br />
{{Qref Applications row|web|net2ftp|http://www.net2ftp.com/|web界面的ftp客户端}}<br />
{{Qref Applications Row| |[[Lftp]]|http://lftp.yar.ru|字符界面ftp客户端|lftp}}<br />
{{Qref Applications Row| |fireftp|http://fireftp.mozdev.org|firefox扩展,支持中文|}}<br />
{{Qref Applications row| |gftp|http://gftp.seul.org|强大的ftp软件,支持SSH方式登录,中文支持不好|gftp}}<br />
{{Qref Applications row|web|CrossFTP|http://www.crossftp.com|Java写的强大FTP工具及SFTP、FXP、WebDav和S3客户端, 中文支,非开源——[http://www.crossftp.com/crossftp.jnlp 网络启动]}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===下载工具===<br />
====P2P下载====<br />
P2P协议常见的有BT(bittorrent), emule(ed2k), Gnutella<br />
{{Qref Applications Table}}<br />
{{Qref Applications row|Ubuntu|Transmission|http://www.transmissionbt.com/|BT客户端,GNOME/Ubuntu 默认,推荐|transmission}}<br />
{{Qref Applications Row|Kubuntu|[[KTorrent|ktorrent]]|http://www.ktorrent.org|KDE的BT客户端,集成种子搜索,能够添加搜索地址,推荐|ktorrent}}<br />
{{Qref Applications row|Java|[[Vuze]]|http://azureus.sf.net|Java BT客户端,性能出色,反吸血插件支持,推荐|azureus}}<br />
{{Qref Applications Row||[[aria2]]|http://aria2.sf.net/|字符界面,抢带宽能力强,支持HTTP / HTTPS / FTP / BitTorrent / Metalink|aria2}}<br />
{{Qref Applications row||[[Deluge]]|http://deluge-torrent.org/|Python 编写的BT客户端前端,后端libtorrent (Rasterbar),PyGTK,推荐|deluge}}<br />
{{Qref Applications Row||[[qBittorrent]]|http://www.qbittorrent.org/|轻量级BitTorrent客户端前端,后端libtorrent (Rasterbar),简单易用功能强大,Qt4|qbittorrent}}<br />
{{Qref Applications row|web|[[rtorrent]]|http://libtorrent.rakshasa.no/|文字界面/web界面BT客户端,后端libTorrent (Rakshasa),推荐|rtorrent}}<br />
{{Qref Applications Row|web|[[amule]]|http://www.amule.org/|电驴客户端,GTK或web界面,强大易用,推荐|amule}}<br />
{{Qref Applications row|web|[[mldonkey]]|http://mldonkey.sf.net/|多功能下载管理器,能同时连接多个ed2k服务器,默认以网页形式控制,可搭配各种图形前端,还支持BitTorrent/Http/FTP |mldonkey-server}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
====HTTP(S) / FTP====<br />
Opera和Firefox的下载管理器对多数情况已经足够。<br />
{{Qref Applications Table}}<br />
{{Qref Applications Row|Kubuntu|[[KGet]]|http://www.kde.org/applications/internet/kget/|KDE的wget前端|kget}}<br />
{{Qref Applications row|Ubuntu|[[uGet]]|http://uget.visuex.com/|GTK+下载软件新版支持aria2/wget作为后端|uget}}<br />
{{Qref Applications row| |[[wget]]|http://www.gnu.org/software/wget/|命令行下的单线程网络传输工具,支持断点续传。|wget}}<br />
{{Qref Applications Row| |[[axel]]|http://axel.alioth.debian.org/|命令行下的轻量多线程下载工具,支持多点下载、断点续传。|axel}}<br />
{{Qref Applications row| |[[aria2]]|http://aria2.sourceforge.net/|命令行下的高速下载工具,抢夺带宽能力很强,支持多点下载、断点续传。支持BT。|aria2}}<br />
{{Qref Applications Row| |DownThemAll!|http://www.downthemall.net|Firefox 的多线程下载扩展,推荐}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===E-mail客户端===<br />
{{Qref Applications Table}}<br />
{{Qref Applications Row|Ubuntu|Thunderbird|http://www.mozilla.org/thunderbird|像Firefox一样,Mozilla出品的邮件客户端|thunderbird}}<br />
{{Qref Applications row|Ubuntu|Evolution|http://projects.gnome.org/evolution/|GNOME默认的邮件客户端。支持POP3, IMAP4, SMTP等协议|evolution}}<br />
{{Qref Applications Row|Ubuntu|[[Sylpheed]]|http://sylpheed.sraoss.jp/en|轻便,小巧,日本人所写,很好的CJK支持|sylpheed}}<br />
{{Qref Applications row|Ubuntu|mutt|http://www.mutt.org|字符界面|mutt}}<br />
{{Qref Applications Row|Kubuntu|KMail|http://www.kde.org/|Kubuntu自带的邮件客户端|kmail}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===BBS软件===<br />
{{Qref Applications Table}}<br />
{{Qref Applications Row|Kubuntu|qterm|http://qterm.sf.net|国人开发的基于QT的BBS客户端。支持鼠标操作,能看图片|qterm}}<br />
{{Qref Applications Row|Kubuntu|fqterm|http://code.google.com/p/fqterm|qterm改进版。支持鼠标操作,带独立的图片器|fqterm}}<br />
{{Qref Applications row|Ubuntu|pcmanx|http://pcmanx.csie.net/|基于 gtk+2,台湾同胞编写|pcmanx-gtk2}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===博客撰写及发布工具===<br />
{{Qref Applications Table}}<br />
{{Qref Applications Row|Kubuntu|Blogilo|http://userbase.kde.org/Blogilo|博客撰写及发布工具,支持各类博客平台|blogilo}}<br />
{{Qref Applications Row||ScribeFire|http://www.scribefire.com|浏览器插件,支持WordPress、Movable Type、Blogger 等多种博客平台,轻巧简洁|}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==桌面美化==<br />
{{Qref Applications Table}}<br />
{{Qref Applications row|Ubuntu|conky|http://conky.sourceforge.net/|Conky一种轻巧的系统监视工具,它不会消耗多少系统资源空间;而且可以很漂亮,支持伪透明特性/真透明(需要开启混成),能够嵌入到桌面中。用于实时监视系统,了解系统运行之状况|conky}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==文字、办公和相关处理==<br />
<br />
<br />
===信息收集整理处理===<br />
{{Qref Applications Table}}<br />
{{Qref Applications Row||Zotero|http://www.zotero.org/|收集、整理、笔记、协作、同步各种能力一身的Firefox扩展,使用OOo,强力推荐|zim}}<br />
{{Qref Applications Row||Keepnote|http://rasm.ods.org/keepnote/|笔记和管理软件,推荐|}}<br />
{{Qref Applications row||zim|http://zim-wiki.org/|个人wiki软件,推荐|zim}}<br />
{{Qref Applications Row||rednotebook|http://digitaldump.wordpress.com/projects/rednotebook//|个人日记软件|rednotebook}}<br />
{{Qref Applications row|Kubuntu|Basket|http://basket.kde.org/|信息整理记录,较为全面,推荐|basket}}<br />
{{Qref Applications row|Kubuntu|Calibre|http://calibre-ebook.com/|e-book电子书管理软件,QT4,强力推荐|calibre}}<br />
{{Qref Applications Row| |Mendeley|http://www.mendeley.com/|文献管理软件,非自由软件,中文兼容性好,推荐|}}<br />
{{Qref Applications r ow| |wiznote|http://www.wiz.cn/wiznote-linux.html/|笔记信息管理软件,自由软件,国人开发,多平台,推荐|}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===任务/日程规划===<br />
{{Qref Applications Table}}<br />
{{Qref Applications Row||Thunderbird(Lightning)|https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/thunderbird/addon/lightning/|Thunderbird 扩展至个人任务规划、时间管理,简洁|}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Office组件===<br />
<br />
{{Qref Applications Table}}<br />
{{Qref Applications row||[[LibreOffice]]|http://www.documentfoundation.org/|办公套件,功能强大|libreoffice}}<br />
{{Qref Applications Row|Kubuntu|koffice|http://www.koffice.org/|KDE的办公套件|koffice}}<br />
{{Qref Applications Row|Ubuntu|gnumeric|http://www.gnome.org/projects/gnumeric/|GNU的电子表格软件|gunmeric}}<br />
{{Qref Applications row|Ubuntu|dia|http://live.gnome.org/Dia|GNU的绘图软件|dia}}<br />
{{Qref Applications Row|Java|Yozo Office|http://www.yozosoft.com/person/|非自由软件,Java,个人版免费,国产。文字、报表、简报三种文档集成,对旧版MS Office有不错的兼容能力。其实这货就是永中。}}<br />
{{Qref Applications Row||NeoShineOffice|http://www.nsoffice.cn/|中标普华Office,包含文字处理、电子表格、演示文稿、绘图制作、数据库等五大模块。基于OpenOffice的办公套件。}}<br />
{{Qref Applications Row|Kubuntu|WPS For linux|http://linux.wps.cn/|金山wps的linux版本。Beta1版本已可以下载试用。}}<br />
{{Qref Applications Row| |Lotus Symphony|http://symphony.lotus.com/software/lotus/symphony/home.nsf/home/|基于OpenOffice的办公套件,来自IBM,精简了个人不常用的功能,只保留文档,表格和幻灯片,将三种功能集合在一个窗口,并内置浏览器|Lotus}}<br />
{{Qref Applications row||[[Impressive]]|http://impressive.sourceforge.net/|Impressive是一个PDF或图片演示工具,对显卡要求高|impressive}}<br />
{{Qref Applications row|Ubuntu|[[UbuntuHelp:Inkscape|Inkscape]]|http://www.inkscape.org|矢量图软件,PDF修改,演示制作,图像获取绘制。必备。|inkscape}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===文本编辑===<br />
<br />
{{Qref Applications Table}}<br />
{{Qref Applications row|Ubuntu|[[gedit]]|http://www.gnome.org/projects/gedit|Ubuntu 默认文本编辑器,功能强大|gedit}}<br />
{{Qref Applications Row|Kubuntu|kate|http://kate-editor.org|Kubuntu 默认文本编辑器,KDE开发套件的重要组成,功能强大,推荐|kate}}<br />
{{Qref Applications row|Kubuntu|kwrite|http://kate-editor.org|轻量级,Kate的简易版,提供一般的编辑功能|kwrite}}<br />
{{Qref Applications Row|Xubuntu|mousepad|http://www.xfce.org/projects/mousepad|轻量级,Xfce 默认文本编辑器,使用方便,推荐|mousepad}}<br />
{{Qref Applications row| |[[emacs]]|http://www.gnu.org/software/emacs|重量级,GNU计划下的第一个产品,EMACS为Editor MACroS 的缩写,被称为神的编辑器。|emacs}}<br />
{{Qref Applications Row| |[[vim]]|http://www.vim.org|被称作 编辑器之神,任何与配置文件或者源代码打交道的人都值得学会的编辑器|vim-full}}<br />
{{Qref Applications row|Java|Jedit|http://www.jedit.org/|轻量级,程序员适用的文本和代码编辑器。}}<br />
{{Qref Applications row| |ghex|http://directory.fsf.org/project/ghex|16进制编辑器|ghex}}<br />
{{Qref Applications Row| |khexedit|http://home.online.no/~espensa/khexedit|16进制编辑器|khexedit}}<br />
{{Qref Applications row| |MadEdit|http://madedit.sourceforge.net/|GTK+2,可以作为UltraEdit的替换品,可以超快速度的打开超大文件|medit}}<br />
{{Qref Applications Row|Xubuntu|leafpad|http://tarot.freeshell.org/leafpad/|轻量级,Leafpad是简洁的文本编辑器,可选显示文本行号,支持UTF-8。|leafpad}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===文件同步===<br />
{{Qref Applications Table}}<br />
{{Qref Applications row| |Seafile|https://www.seafile.com/home/ |国人开发,自动同步,较为稳定,免费1G空间 |seafile}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===电子教学相关===<br />
{{Qref Applications Table}}<br />
{{Qref Applications row||[[Salasaga]]|http://www.salasaga.org/|Salasaga设计初始模仿Adobe Captivate,然后利用AJAX技术突破了flash的限制。特别适合于做电子教学,类似屏幕录制软件|salasaga}}<br />
{{Qref Applications Row||[[GeoGebra]]|http://www.geogebra.org/|GeoGebra是一款几何画图工具,為中學教育設計的動態數學軟體,結合幾何、代數、及微積分。需要java。|GeoGebra}}<br />
{{Qref Applications row||[[Impressive]]|http://impressive.sourceforge.net/|Impressive是一个PDF或图片演示工具,对显卡有要求|impressive}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===心智图(思维导图)===<br />
{{Qref Applications Table}}<br />
{{Qref Applications row| |[[Xmind]]|http://www.xmind.net/|简单易用的项目管理、知识管理软件,拥有一个Tab页式的界面。边栏显示选中的图的细节信息。可以使用附带的模版或手动生成概念图。兼容MindManager,中文支持好。推荐|}}<br />
{{Qref Applications Row| |[[FreeMind]]|http://freemind.sourceforge.net/|一款优秀的开源项目管理软件,Java编写,适用于项目的各个方面,从简单的项目会议记录,到新项目的头脑风暴,再到项目跟踪和时间纪录,设置正确的中文字体之后可以支持中文。|freemind}}<br />
{{Qref Applications row| |[[VUE]] (Visual Understanding Environment)|http://vue.tufts.edu/|一款优秀的概念图软件,Java编写,通常教学、研究使用。|}}<br />
{{Qref Applications Row| |[[Compendium]]|http://compendium.open.ac.uk/institute/|一个集体使用发散思维解决问题的工具,Java|}}<br />
{{Qref Applications Row||[[Freeplane]]|http://freeplane.sourceforge.net/|一个很满意的思维导航工具,借鉴FreeMind,并重新设计|}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== 文档阅读 ===<br />
Poppler后端的软件安装poppler-data支持更多语言——比如汉字。<br />
{{Qref Applications Table}}<br />
{{Qref Applications row|Kubuntu|Okular|http://okular.kde.org/|KDE下的PDF/PS/Chm/djvu文件阅读工具,后端poppler,推荐|okular}}<br />
{{Qref Applications Row|Ubuntu|Evince|http://www.gnome.org/projects/evince/|GNOME下的PDF/PS/djvu文件阅读工具,推荐|evince}}<br />
{{Qref Applications Row||MuPDF|http://www.mupdf.com/|Ghostscript同源的PDF浏览工具,极速、精准,强力推荐|mupdf}}<br />
{{Qref Applications Row|Medibuntu|AdobeReader|http://www.adobe.com|PDF阅读器,非自由软件,兼容性好|acroread}}<br />
{{Qref Applications row| |Mendley|http://www.mendeley.com/|文献管理软件,非自由软件,汉字兼容性好,推荐|}}<br />
{{Qref Applications Row| |qpdfview|http://trac.emma-soft.com/epdfview/|PDF阅读器,后端poppler,速度快,Xfce推荐|}}<br />
{{Qref Applications row| |FBReader|http://www.fbreader.org/|流行的电子书阅读工具,可以自动识别中文编码,进行字体设置后完美支持汉字|fbreader}} <br />
{{Qref Applications Row| |chmsee|http://code.google.com/p/chmsee/|chm阅读,中文支持良好,推荐|chmsee}} <br />
{{Qref Applications row|Kubuntu|kchmviewer|http://www.kchmviewer.net/|chm阅读,推荐|kchmviewer}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===字典/翻译===<br />
<br />
{{Qref Applications Table}}<br />
{{Qref Applications row|Kubuntu|Golden Dict|http://goldendict.berlios.de/|最新词典软件。兼容巴比伦.bgl词库,stardict词库,Abbyy Lingvo .dsl词库,dictd词典服务,可搜索下载上述词库,推荐|goldendict}}<br />
{{Qref Applications Row|Ubuntu|stardict|http://stardict.sf.net|星际译王,推荐|stardict}}<br />
{{Qref Applications row||sdcv|http://sdcv.sourceforge.net/|星际译王的CLI版本|sdcv}}<br />
{{Qref Applications Row||dict.cn|http://code.google.com/p/dictcn/|Firefox 的中英文插件,使用方便,推荐|}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===LaTeX相关===<br />
{{Qref Applications Table}}<br />
{{Qref Applications Row|Ubuntu|TeX Live|http://www.tug.org/texlive/|TeX的集成包,可以更方便的使用TeX|texlive}}<br />
{{Qref Applications row|Kubuntu|Kile|http://kile.sourceforge.net|KDE下的TeX/LaTeX集成编辑环境|kile}}<br />
{{Qref Applications Row|Ubuntu|LyX|http://www.lyx.org/Home|TeX/LaTeX的所视即所意(WYSIWYM)的编辑环境,不是简单的所视即所得(WYSIWYG)|lyx}}<br />
{{Qref Applications row||Texmaker|http://www.xm1math.net/texmaker/|跨平台的TeX/LaTeX集成编辑环境|texmaker}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===财务相关===<br />
{{Qref Applications Table}}<br />
{{Qref Applications Row||GNUCash|http://www.gnucash.org|GnuCash 是一套提供复式簿记系统的会计软件。|gnucash}}<br />
{{Qref Applications row||[[本生理财]]|http://sidu.sourceforge.net/topnew/bank| 本生理财是国产CRM工具,需求apache+php+MySQL |本生理财}}<br />
{{Qref Applications row|Ubuntu|HomeBank|http://homebank.free.fr|HomeBank是一套家庭理财软件,能生成报表。|Homebank}}<br />
{{Qref Applications Row||Money Manager Ex|http://www.codelathe.com/mmex|Money Manager Ex 是一款个人帐务管理软件。|Money Manager Ex}}<br />
{{Qref Applications row|| Lemon|http://lemonpos.wordpress.com| Lemon是一个基于Qt4的销售套件,使用MySQL数据库。|Lemon}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===排版===<br />
除了Scribus,可以使用Libreoffice和Inkscape进行操作,尤其是Inkscape,可以部分解决Scribus中文排版不利的问题。(导出SVG)<br />
{{Qref Applications Table}}<br />
{{Qref Applications Row||Scribus|http://www.scribus.net/|Scribus 是一套DTP解决方案,适合排版、制作杂志、印刷前预排工作。亚洲语言排版支持还没有,尽管可以使用。|scribus}}<br />
|}<br />
参考词条: [[编辑办公]]、[[UbuntuHelp:OfficeApplications]]<br />
<br />
==影音图像==<br />
=== CAD === <br />
{{Qref Applications Table}}<br />
{{Qref Applications Row||DraftSight|http://www.3ds.com/cn/products/draftsight/free-cad-software/|一款免费专业级(仅需每年一次邮件注册)商业2D CAD产品,操作与AutoCAD相似,推荐}}<br />
{{Qref Applications Row||BricsCAD|http://www.bricsys.com/|商业软件 bricsCAD 2d/3d dwg支持,学术(全功能)一年使用,普通试用1个月,推荐}}<br />
{{Qref Applications Row||LibreCAD|http://www.librecad.org/|2D CAD,LibreCAD是QCad开源的社区版本fork,推荐 (QCad另有收费版本)|librecad}}<br />
{{Qref Applications row||BRL-CAD|http://brlcad.org/|美国陆军使用,三维实体建模系统,推荐}}<br />
{{Qref Applications Row||FreeCAD|http://sourceforge.net/projects/free-cad/|常规用途的3D CAD,持续大力开发中,仍暂不能用于工作,[[FreeCAD 教程示例:发动机]],推荐|freecad}}<br />
{{Qref Applications row||sailcut|http://www.sailcut.com/Sailcut_CAD|制作船只的CAD|sailcut}}<br />
{{Qref Applications Row||NaroCAD|http://sourceforge.net/projects/narocad/|参数2D/3D CAD|}}<br />
{{Qref Applications row||Archimedes|http://www.archimedes.org.br/|建筑师使用的CAD}}<br />
{{Qref Applications Row||Blender|http://www.blender.org/|可以作为CAD使用(使用额外的插件和设置)|blender}}<br />
{{Qref Applications row||PythonCad|http://www.pythoncad.org/|2D CAD|pythoncad}}<br />
{{Qref Applications Row||Varkon|http://sourceforge.net/projects/varkon/|参数2D/3D CAD|varkon}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== 图像相关 ===<br />
<br />
====图像修改/处理====<br />
{{Qref Applications Table}}<br />
{{Qref Applications Row||[[UbuntuHelp:ImageMagick|ImageMagick]]|http://www.imagemagick.org|功能强大的命令行图像处理程序,常规民用路线。|imagemagick}}<br />
{{Qref Applications row||[[UbuntuHelp:GraphicsMagick|GraphicsMagick]]|http://www.graphicsmagick.org|功能强大的命令行图像处理程序,专业制作路线。|graphicsmagick}}<br />
{{Qref Applications Row|Ubuntu|[[UbuntuHelp:TheGIMP|gimp]]|http://www.gimp.org|类似Photoshop的图像处理软件,GTK+2。推荐。|gimp}}<br />
{{Qref Applications row||<br />
Darktable|http://www.darktable.org/|设计为取代Adobe Lightroom的图片处理软件。强烈推荐|}}<br />
{{Qref Applications row||Cinepaint|http://www.cinepaint.org|功能强大的电影行业图像处理程序,基于GIMP 1.X。|}}<br />
{{Qref Applications row||fotoxx|http://kornelix.squarespace.com/fotoxx|图像/照片程序,拥有较多照片修改功能|fotoxx}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
====图像/绘制====<br />
<br />
{{Qref Applications Table}} <br />
{{Qref Applications Row|web|[[svg-edit]]|http://code.google.com/p/svg-edit/|基于浏览器的SVG矢量工具。推荐。}}<br />
<br />
{{Qref Applications row||Pinta|http://pinta-project.com/|GTK+的画图工具,简化的GIMP|pinta}}<br />
{{Qref Applications Row|Kubuntu|KolourPaint|http://www.kde.org/|KDE的简易画图工具|kolourpaint4}}<br />
<br />
{{Qref Applications Row||[[UbuntuHelp:Dia|Dia]]|http://www.gnome.org/projects/dia|一个矢量绘图软件,电路图、流程图等。推荐。|dia}}<br />
{{Qref Applications row|Ubuntu|[[UbuntuHelp:Inkscape|Inkscape]]|http://www.inkscape.org|最棒的矢量绘画软件。推荐。|inkscape}}<br />
<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=====美术图=====<br />
<br />
{{Qref Applications Table}} <br />
{{Qref Applications row|Java|[[Alchemy]]|http://al.chemy.org/|专门的草图绘画,矢量图软件。强烈推荐|}}<br />
{{Qref Applications row|Ubuntu|[[Inkscape]]|http://www.inkscape.org|最自由的矢量绘图软件,SVG,OpenClipArt的主要镶入项目。强烈推荐|inkscape}}<br />
{{Qref Applications Row|Ubuntu|[[UbuntuHelp:TheGIMP|gimp]]|http://www.gimp.org|图像处理软件(类似Photoshop),通过其扩展能力,可以作为美工绘图软件,GTK+2。强烈推荐。|gimp}}<br />
{{Qref Applications Row||Mypaint|http://www.mypaint.org|专业的艺术性图画软件,推荐|mypaint}}<br />
{{Qref Applications row|Kubuntu|[[krita]]|http://koffice.org|最专业的艺术性图画软件。尚不稳定。推荐。|krita-kde4}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
====动画====<br />
<br />
{{Qref Applications Table}} <br />
{{Qref Applications Row| |Synfig Studio|http://www.synfig.org/|2D矢量动画编辑处理软件|}}<br />
{{Qref Applications Row| |Pencil|http://www.pencil-animation.org/|Qt4,简单2D动画创作软件|}}<br />
{{Qref Applications row| |Blender|http://blender.org/|Blender属于整合3D套件,强大到适应几乎全部工作。|blender}}<br />
<br />
|}<br />
<br />
====获取图片====<br />
<br />
{{Qref Applications Table}} <br />
{{Qref Applications row|Kubuntu|KSnapshot|http://www.kde.org|默认安装的KDE屏幕抓图工具|ksnapshot}}<br />
{{Qref Applications Row|Ubuntu|[[gnome-screenshot]]|http://live.gnome.org/GnomeUtils|默认安装的GNOME屏幕抓图工具|gnome-screenshot}}<br />
{{Qref Applications row| |[[Shutter]]|http://shutter-project.org|屏幕抓图和处理工具|shutter}}<br />
{{Qref Applications Row| |[[Xsane]]|http://www.xsane.org/|扫描前端工具|}}<br />
{{Qref Applications Row| |[[guvcview]]|http://guvcview.sourceforge.net/|观看USB Cam无驱摄像头视频工具|}}<br />
<br />
|}<br />
<br />
====组织为主==== <br />
<br />
{{Qref Applications Table}} <br />
{{Qref Applications row|Kubuntu|[[DigiKam]]|http://www.digikam.org/|KDE软件,设计为面向专业人员的图片组织软件,强烈推荐|digikam}}<br />
{{Qref Applications Row|Ubuntu|[[shotwell]]|http://yorba.org/shotwell/|替代F-spot的图像/照片管理程序|shotwell}}<br />
{{Qref Applications row|Ubuntu|[[gthumb]]|http://live.gnome.org/gthumb|GNOME的图像/照片管理程序,强烈推荐|gthumb}}<br />
{{Qref Applications Row||[[Picasa]]|http://picasa.google.com/linux/|Google的图像/照片管理程序,Linux版,Wine,非自由软件|}}<br />
{{Qref Applications row||Font Manager|http://code.google.com/p/font-manager/|GTK字体管理软件,为GNOME设计,强烈推荐|}}<br />
{{Qref Applications Row||FontMatrix|http://fontmatrix.net/|适合KDE的QT字体管理软件,推荐|fontmatrix}}<br />
<br />
|}<br />
<br />
====浏览为主====<br />
<br />
{{Qref Applications Table}} <br />
{{Qref Applications row|Ubuntu|[[gthumb]]|http://live.gnome.org/gthumb|GNOME的图像/照片程序,拥有基本照片修改功能|gthumb}}<br />
{{Qref Applications row| |[[Comix]]|http://comix.sourceforge.net/|图像/照片程序,Pygtk,看漫画必用软件,推荐。|comix}}<br />
{{Qref Applications row| |[[Feh]]|http://linuxbrit.co.uk/software/feh/|古老,轻量且强大的图片浏览,桌面墙纸设置。|feh}}<br />
{{Qref Applications row| |[[Qiv]]|http://spiegl.de/qiv/ |轻量且强大的图片浏览,可调间隔的幻灯式放映批量图片文件(用mplayer从视频转成连续图片),效果可以用来进行慢动作分析,最新版支持在多图中快速定位|Qiv}}<br />
{{Qref Applications row| |[[Gpicview]]|http://lxde.sourceforge.net/gpicview/|简单而快速的图像查看器,LXDE默认看图软件,推荐。|gpicview}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===音乐播放===<br />
<br />
{{Qref Applications Table}}<br />
{{Qref Applications Row| |[[Audacious|Audacious/xmms]]|http://audacious-media-player.org|xmms及bmp的后裔,国内最受欢迎,插件支持APE格式CUE分轨|audacious}}<br />
{{Qref Applications row|Ubuntu|[[rhythmbox]]|http://www.gnome.org/projects/rhythmbox|GNOME默认音乐播放器,gstreamer为核心,设备管理强大。推荐。|rhythmbox}}<br />
{{Qref Applications Row|Kubuntu|[[Amarok]]|http://amarok.kde.org|KDE默认音乐管理+播放软件。以Xine或GStreamer为核心,强大的媒体库和良好的界面。推荐。|amarok}}<br />
{{Qref Applications row|Ubuntu|Exaile|http://www.exaile.org/|GNOME的音乐管理+播放软件,挑战Amarok。推荐!}}<br />
{{Qref Applications Row| |Songbird|http://www.getsongbird.com/|Songbird整合了桌面网络播放器、数位播放器与网页浏览器,是如iTunes等私有媒体播放器的替代器之一}}<br />
{{Qref Applications row| |Banshee|http://banshee-project.org/|音乐和视频播放软件GTK+,媒体库管理功能和设备管理强大}}<br />
{{Qref Applications Row| |Quod Libet|http://code.google.com/p/quodlibet/|轻量音乐播放软件,自带很多插件,界面简洁|quodlibet}}<br />
{{Qref Applications row| |moc|http://moc.daper.net/|music on concole的缩写,经典的命令行音乐播放器|moc}}<br />
{{Qref Applications row| |xmms2|http://xmms2.sourceforge.net/|经典的UNIX音乐播放器xmms的第二代,C/S架构,高音质|xmms2}}<br />
{{Qref Applications row| |qmmp|http://code.google.com/p/qmmp/|基于Qt4的音乐播放器,类似WinAMP界面,自带大量插件,使用ffmpeg共享库,支持多种格式。支持CUE分轨|qmmp}}<br />
{{Qref Applications Row| |DeaDBeeF|http://deadbeef.sourceforge.net/|界面简单,小巧玲珑,完美支持APE的CUE分轨,追求简约的较佳选择。}}<br />
{{Qref Applications Row| |Iceplayer|http://code.google.com/p/iceplayer/|国人开发的音乐播放器,支持歌词显示!中文mp3不乱码!}}<br />
{{Qref Applications Row| |osd-lyrics|http://code.google.com/p/osd-lyrics/wiki/InstallUbuntu|不错的桌面歌词显示软件!}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===视频播放===<br />
<br />
{{Qref Applications Table}}<br />
{{Qref Applications row|Kubuntu|[[kaffeine]]|http://kaffeine.kde.org/|Kubuntu/KDE 默认的视频播放器,默认 xine 为播放引擎,播放常见格式需要 w32codec |kaffeine}}<br />
{{Qref Applications row|Ubuntu|[[totem]]|http://www.gnome.org/projects/totem|GNOME默认视频播放软件,使用ffmpeg作为后端,有广泛的中文插件支持|totem-player}}<br />
{{Qref Applications row| |[[VLC]]|http://www.videolan.org/vlc|占有率最高的开源媒体播放器,QT4,还可以使用ffmpeg作为后端|vlc}}<br />
{{Qref Applications Row| |[[SMPlayer]]|http://smplayer.sf.net|十分方便的Mplayer前端,QT4,在字幕解决上相当便捷|smplayer}}<br />
{{Qref Applications Row| |[[gnome-mplayer]]|http://code.google.com/p/gnome-mplayer/|对应GNOME的Mplayer前端|gmplayer}}<br />
{{Qref Applications Row| |[[GMlive]]|http://code.google.com/p/gmlive|特别针对中国网络视频、电视台的Mplayer前端,国人开发|}}<br />
{{Qref Applications Row| |[[MPlayer]]|http://www.mplayerhq.hu/|最著名的命令行媒体播放器,插件最多|mplayer}}<br />
{{Qref Applications Row|Medibuntu|[[RealPlayer]]|http://www.real.com/linux|real 公司官方出品,基于开源的helix|realplayer}}<br />
{{Qref Applications row| |[[Miro]]|http://www.getmiro.com|网络视频综合管理,支持RSS视频订阅、建立视频频道,可边下边看使用,ffmpeg或xine作为后端,可观看本地视频|miro}}<br />
{{Qref Applications Row| |[[SopCast]]|http://www.sopcast.com/|网络电视直播系统,基于P2P,对低速网络的优化,它还能轻松搭建属于自己的电视台}}<br />
{{Qref Applications Row| |[[sopcast-player]]|http://code.google.com/p/sopcast-player/|基于SopCast的p2p流媒体技术,以易用为设计初衷,整合了一个视频播放器、频道指南,和频道收藏夹,无需配置,即装即用。 }}<br />
{{Qref Applications Row||PPStream|http://sourceforge.net/projects/ppstreaming/|PPStream的OSE,GPL}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===影音相关===<br />
<br />
====基础和工具====<br />
{{Qref Applications Table}}<br />
{{Qref Applications Row| |ffmpeg|http://ffmpeg.mplayerhq.hu|支持MPEG、DivX、MPEG4、AC3等40多种编码,AVI、MPEG、OGG、ASF等90多种解码}}<br />
{{Qref Applications Row|Ubuntu|WinFF|http://winff.org/html_new|ffmpeg的图形前端,以方便用户进行音频视频格式转换操作|winff}}<br />
{{Qref Applications Row| |glame|http://glame.sourceforge.net|lame的图形端。lame是最好的mp3编码器}}<br />
{{Qref Applications row| |mencoder|http://www.mplayerhq.hu|mplayer内置的命令行媒体转换软件}}<br />
{{Qref Applications Row||recordmydesktop|http://recordmydesktop.iovar.org|屏幕录像软件|record}}<br />
{{Qref Applications Row|Kubuntu|RecordItNow|http://recorditnow.sourceforge.net/|屏幕录像软件|recorditnow}}<br />
{{Qref Applications Row|Ubuntu|keyMon|http://code.google.com/p/key-mon/|屏幕录像辅助软件,在屏幕上显示按键和鼠标活动|keymon}}<br />
{{Qref Applications Row|Ubuntu|screenkey|https://launchpad.net/screenkey|屏幕录像辅助软件,像滚动字幕一样在屏幕上显示按键|screenkey}}<br />
{{Qref Applications row||Celtx|http://celtx.com/|预处理软件}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
====音频创造编辑====<br />
{{Qref Applications Table}}<br />
{{Qref Applications Row||Jokosher|http://www.jokosher.org/|多轨音频编辑工作室,简单并强大|jokosher}}<br />
{{Qref Applications row||Audacity|http://audacity.sourceforge.net|多轨跨平台的音频编辑软件|audacity}}<br />
{{Qref Applications Row||Ardour|http://ardour.org/|专业级音频工作站|ardour}}<br />
{{Qref Applications Row|Kubuntu|Rosegarden|http://www.rosegardenmusic.com/|QT4,数字音频工作站——midi电子音乐编辑器|rosegarden}}<br />
{{Qref Applications row||TuxGuitar|http://www.tuxguitar.com.ar|吉他乐谱编辑器|tuxguitar}}<br />
{{Qref Applications Row|Ubuntu|Buzztard|http://www.buzztard.org/index.php/Main_Page|GNOME的音频工作室|buzztard}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
其他:<br />
*[http://beast.gtk.org/ Beast]<br />
*[http://bitbucket.org/paniq/jacker/wiki/Home Jacker]<br />
*[http://sox.sourceforge.net/ SoX]<br />
<br />
====非线性视频编辑====<br />
{{Qref Applications Table}}<br />
{{Qref Applications row||Cinelerra|http://cinelerra.org/|专业的非线性视频编辑软件,后期修改特效最完整|}}<br />
{{Qref Applications Row||LiVES|http://lives.sourceforge.net/|专业的VJ(DJ是音频,VJ是视频)工具和实时非线性视频编辑工具|lives}}<br />
{{Qref Applications Row||OpenShot|http://www.openshotvideo.com/|GTK,专业非线性视频编辑软件}}<br />
{{Qref Applications Row||kdenlive|http://www.kdenlive.org/|QT4,专业非线性视频编辑软件}}<br />
{{Qref Applications row||kino|http://www.kinodv.org/|GTK+2,专业非线性DV视频编辑软件。|kino}}<br />
{{Qref Applications row||avidemux|http://fixounet.free.fr/avidemux/|GTK+2,入门级视频编辑,可以用来分割、合并视频、转换视频编码、压制字幕等}}<br />
{{Qref Applications Row||Blender|http://blender.org/|可以充当非线性视频编辑软件,属于整合套件的一部分。}}<br />
<br />
{{Qref Applications Row||subtitleeditor|http://home.gna.org/subtitleeditor/|字幕时间轴制作软件,可编辑字幕和时间轴,有影片预览及声波显示,功能强}}<br />
<br />
{{Qref Applications row||key-mon|http://code.google.com/p/key-mon/|制作视频时显示键盘状况}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
====辅助插件====<br />
{{Qref Applications Table}}<br />
{{Qref Applications row||OSD Lyrics|http://code.google.com/p/osd-lyrics/|OSD Lyrics是一个独立歌词软件,可以搭配多种常用播放器使用,自动从网络上下载歌词,支持桌面歌词,推荐 |}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===媒体中心 Media Center===<br />
<br />
{{Qref Applications Table}}<br />
{{Qref Applications row||[[XBMC]]|http://xbmc.org/|应用最广泛的媒体中心软件(原为Xbox开发),遍布各种硬件平台}}<br />
{{Qref Applications row||[[Moovida]]|http://www.moovida.com|媒体中心软件,使用gstreamer和其他库播放音频视频、浏览图片|Moovida}}<br />
{{Qref Applications row||[[MythTV]]|http://www.mythtv.org|媒体中心软件,硬件支持最好|MythTV}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
参考词条: [[影音图像]]、[[UbuntuHelp:Photos]]、[[UbuntuHelp:Multimedia/zh]]<br />
<br />
==教育科学==<br />
<br />
===科学计算===<br />
<br />
{{Qref Applications Table}}<br />
{{Qref Applications Row|Ubuntu|[[octave]]|http://www.gnu.org/software/octave/|一种高级语言,主要设计用来进行数值计算,多数语法与matlab兼容,qtoctave是它的一个与matlab相似的前端|octave3.0}}<br />
{{Qref Applications row|Ubuntu|[[scilab]]|http://www.scilab.org|诞生于 1994 年,由法国的 INRIA和 ENPC设计|scilab}}<br />
{{Qref Applications Row|Ubuntu|[[R]]|http://www.r-project.org|用于统计计算和统计制图的优秀工具,S 语言的一种实现|r-base}}<br />
{{Qref Applications row||[[UbuntuHelp:MATLAB|MATLAB]]|http://www.mathworks.com|是当今国际上最流行的科学运算语言,MathWorks 出品}}<br />
{{Qref Applications Row||SPSS|http://www.spss.com|商业统计软件}}<br />
{{Qref Applications row||PSPP|http://www.gnu.org/software/pspp/|GNU用以取代SPSS的统计软件|pspp}}<br />
{{Qref Applications Row||mpb|http://ab-initio.mit.edu/mpb/|MIT光子晶体计算软件,基于平面波展开法|mpb}}<br />
{{Qref Applications row||Lingo|http://www.hearne.com.au/products/lingo/edition/lingo/|数学建模模型分析工具}}<br />
{{Qref Applications row||Cadabra|http://cadabra.phi-sci.com/|张量运算和场论工具}}<br />
{{Qref Applications Row||SAGE|http://www.sagemath.org/|python编写,开源数学的集大成者——统合者}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===CAS系统===<br />
<br />
{{Qref Applications Table}}<br />
{{Qref Applications Row| |[[maxima]]|http://maxima.sf.net |其前身是DOE-Macsyma由 MIT在美国能源部的支持下于60年代末创造|wxmaxima}}<br />
{{Qref Applications row| |[[axiom]]|http://www.axiom-developer.org/|1973 年开始开发并作为一个商业软件出售。现在它是一个自由软件。|xiom}}<br />
{{Qref Applications Row| |yacas|http://yacas.sourceforge.net|全名叫 Yet Another Computer Algebra System。|yacas}}<br />
{{Qref Applications row||Mathematica|http://www.wolfram.com|商业数学运算软件,强大的符号运算功能,文档跨平台良好兼容}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===科学作图===<br />
<br />
{{Qref Applications Table}}<br />
{{Qref Applications Row|Kubuntu|qtiplot|http://soft.proindependent.com/qtiplot.html|类似win下 origin 的一个科学绘图软件|qtiplot}}<br />
{{Qref Applications row|Ubuntu|gnuplot|http://www.gnuplot.info|非常好的命令行下的作图工具,它从 1986 年开始就存在了。|gnuplot}}<br />
{{Qref Applications Row|Ubuntu|MayaVi|http://mayavi.sourceforge.net/|MayaVi 在梵语中的意思是魔术师,它是一种数据可视化工具|mayavi}}<br />
{{Qref Applications row|Ubuntu|metapost|http://www.tug.org/metapost.html|一种画图语言,可以精确的画出你想要的图形。常与 Latex 配合使用|texlive-metapost}}<br />
{{Qref Applications row|Ubuntu|asymptote|http://asymptote.sourceforge.net/|与metapost相似但更易用的类C语言|asymptote}}<br />
{{Qref Applications row|Ubuntu|geogebra|http://www.geogebra.org/cms/|非常直观的几何作图软件|geogebra}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== 科学仿真 ===<br />
<br />
各种仿真学习软件,物理,化学,生物,天文,电子电路,单片机,嵌入式系统,等仿真软件。<br />
打造linux的学习环境。<br />
{{Qref Applications Table}}<br />
{{Qref Applications Row|Ubuntu|SkyEye|http://www.skyeye.org/index.shtml|软件实现的嵌入式开发板硬件模拟器,可以在模拟器上运行各种操作系统,这样就可以在没有开发板的情况下学习和研究操作系统。|}}<br />
{{Qref Applications row|Ubuntu|XCircuit|http://opencircuitdesign.com/xcircuit/|《XCircuit》是开放源码计划的免费线路绘图软体。 除了可画出高品质的线路图(PostScript格式)供出版用以外,程式可产生供SPICE用的线路网清单(netlist)。|XCircuit}}<br />
{{Qref Applications row|Kubuntu|UGENE|http://ugene.unipro.ru|多功能生物信息学软件,Qt4,理论上可以完成任何生物信息学能够做的事。目前侧重于序列分析|ugene}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
参考词条:[[UbuntuHelp:UbuntuScience]]<br />
<br />
==网络服务==<br />
<br />
===网络监控===<br />
{{Qref Applications Table}}<br />
{{Qref Applications Row|Ubuntu|nethogs|http://nethogs.sourceforge.net/ |nethogs 查看网络使用情况,针对每个进程的网络使用情况,监控网络的状态。|nethogs}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===ftp服务器===<br />
<br />
{{Qref Applications Table}}<br />
{{Qref Applications Row|Ubuntu|vsftpd|http://vsftpd.beasts.org |vsftpd 在安全性、高性能及稳定性等方面有上佳的表现|vsftpd}}<br />
{{Qref Applications row|Ubuntu|proftpd|http://www.proftpd.org|ProFTPD设计目标是实现一个安全且易于设定的FTP Server。|proftpd}}<br />
{{Qref Applications Row|Ubuntu|[[pure-ftpd]]|http://www.pureftpd.org|对中文用户来说,其最大的优势是可设置设置客户端默认编码|pure-ftpd}}<br />
{{Qref Applications row||crossftpd|http://www.crossftp.com/crossftpserver.htm|java语言编写,图形化配置界面}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===web服务器===<br />
<br />
{{Qref Applications Table}}<br />
{{Qref Applications Row||apache|http://www.apache.org|世界使用排名第一的Web服务器|apache2}}<br />
{{Qref Applications row||tomcat|http://tomcat.apache.org|Tomcat 是一个小型的轻量级应用服务器,在中小型系统和并发访问用户不是很多的场合下被普遍使用,是开发和调试JSP 程序的首选。|tomcat5.5}}<br />
{{Qref Applications Row||lighttpd|http://www.lighttpd.net|轻量级,youtube使用。支持FastCGI, CGI, Auth, 输出压缩,URL重写, Alias等重要功能|lighttpd}}<br />
{{Qref Applications row||nginx|http://nginx.net/|以耐力和速度见长。|nginx}}<br />
{{Qref Applications Row||[[xampp]]|http://www.apachefriends.org|易于安装且包含 MySQL、PHP 和 Perl 的 Apache 发行版| }}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===email服务===<br />
<br />
{{Qref Applications Table}}<br />
{{Qref Applications Row|Ubuntu|postfix|http://www.postfix.org |做为sendmail的替代品,免费且功能强大的邮件服务端。}}<br />
{{Qref Applications row|Ubuntu|sendmail|http://www.sendmail.org|老牌邮箱服务端}}<br />
{{Qref Applications Row|Ubuntu|mailman|http://sourceforge.net/projects/mailman|}}<br />
{{Qref Applications row||OpenWebMail|http://openwebmail.org|}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===数据库服务===<br />
<br />
{{Qref Applications Table}}<br />
{{Qref Applications Row|Ubuntu|mysql|http://www.mysql.com|Sun Microsystems Inc. 开发的一个开源的数据库管理系统,经典的LAMP中的M指的就是它|mysql-server}}<br />
{{Qref Applications row|Ubuntu|PostgreSQL|http://www.postgresql.org|伯克利开发的很古老但有用的数据库系统,许可证较MySQL简单}}<br />
{{Qref Applications Row||Oracle|http://www.oracle.com|大名鼎鼎的大型数据库系统}}<br />
{{Qref Applications row||DB2|http://www.ibm.com|也是大名鼎鼎啊}}<br />
{{Qref Applications Row|Ubuntu|SQLite|http://www.sqlite.org|一个非常小巧的数据库,一个数据库就是一个文本文件,适合做内嵌}}<br />
{{Qref Applications Row||Hsqldb|http://hsqldb.org/|一个非常小巧的数据库,java编写,可以内嵌方式运行,也可以服务方式运行}}<br />
{{Qref Applications Row||javadb|http://developers.sun.com/javadb/|java内置数据库,小巧,derby发展而来,java编写,可以内嵌方式运行,也可以服务方式运行}}<br />
<!--{{Qref Applications row||REAL SQL server|http://www.realserver.com|REAL SQL数据库}}--><br />
|}<br />
<br />
===TFTP服务===<br />
{{Qref Applications Table}}<br />
{{Qref Applications Row|Ubuntu|[[tftpd-hpa]]|http://freshmeat.net/projects/tftp-hpa/|tftpd-hpa是一个增强功能的TFTP服务器。|tftpd-hpa}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===DHCP服务===<br />
{{Qref Applications Table}}<br />
{{Qref Applications Row|Ubuntu|[[dhcp3-server]]|https://www.isc.org/software/dhcp|DHCPv3服务器。|dhcp3-server}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
参考词条:[[网络基本服务]]、[[网站架设服务]]、[[後台数据服务]]<br />
<br />
== 编程相关 ==<br />
<br />
===版本控制软件===<br />
<br />
CVS,SVN淘汰。 <br />
{{Qref Applications Table}}<br />
{{Qref Applications Row||git|http://git-scm.com/|利于协作的分布式版本管理,不仅用于程序|git}}<br />
{{Qref Applications row||Mericurial|http://mercurial.selenic.com|命令为hg,最年轻与git抗衡的版本管理|mercurial}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===case工具===<br />
{{Qref Applications Table}}<br />
{{Qref Applications row||Mysql Workbench|http://wb.mysql.com/|一个数据库建模工具,用于对数据库设计分析,支持mysql|}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Database工具===<br />
{{Qref Applications Table}}<br />
{{Qref Applications row||dbeaver|http://dbeaver.jkiss.org/|一个通用数据库管理工具,MySQL,Oracle,PostgreSQL,IBM DB2,Microsoft SQL Server,Sybase ODBC,Java DB (Derby),Firebird (Interbase),HSQLDB,SQLite,Mimer,H2,IBM Informix,SAP MAX DB,Cache,Ingres,Linter,Any JDBC compliant data source|}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
===网页设计程序软件===<br />
提示:现今以 CMS 网站为主,使用模板。<br />
{{Qref Applications Table}}<br />
{{Qref Applications Row| |Aptana Studio|http://www.aptana.com/|重量级网络应用开发平台(基于Eclipse),实时预览,非所见即所得,推荐|}}<br />
{{Qref Applications row| |bluefish|http://bluefish.openoffice.nl/|号称程序员的网页编辑器,GTK+,无所见即所得,推荐|bluefish}}<br />
{{Qref Applications Row| |BlueGriffon|http://bluegriffon.org|最新Gecko内核网页设计软件,所见即所得,推荐}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== 集成开发环境 IDE ===<br />
<br />
{{Qref Applications Table}} <br />
<br />
{{Qref Applications Row|Kubuntu|KDevelop|http://www.kdevelop.org/|KDE下集成开发环境,支持多种程序设计语言|kdevelop }}<br />
{{Qref Applications row|Kubuntu|Qt Creator|http://qt-project.org/|Qt自带的轻量级IDE}}<br />
{{Qref Applications Row| |Geany|http://www.geany.org/|开源、免费、跨平台的轻量级 IDE,支持多种程序设计语言,迅捷小巧|geany}}<br />
{{Qref Applications row|Ubuntu|Anjuta|http://projects.gnome.org/anjuta/|GNOME下集成开发环境|anjuta}}<br />
{{Qref Applications Row| |Code::Blocks|http://www.codeblocks.org/|Code::Blocks是可以满足其用户几乎所有需求的自由的C++ IDE|codeblocks}}<br />
{{Qref Applications row||NetBeans|http://netbeans.org|Oracle公司的开源 IDE,Java编写的,现支持Java/J2EE/JavaFX/C/C++/Ruby/PHP/Python等|netbeans}}<br />
{{Qref Applications Row||Eclipse|http://www.eclipse.org/|IBM支持发起的一个开源IDE,Java编写,多种编程语言,并且是多个软件的平台|eclipse}}<br />
{{Qref Applications row| |Eric|http://sourceforge.net/projects/eric-ide/|开源Python IDE,用PyQt4写的,功能强大,适合作PyQt开发,推荐|eric}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===程序员编辑器===<br />
{{Qref Applications Table}} <br />
{{Qref Applications Row||bluefish|http://bluefish.openoffice.nl/|号称程序员的编辑器,GTK+|bluefish}}<br />
{{Qref Applications row|Kubuntu|kwrite|http://kate-editor.org|轻量级,Kate的简易版,提供一般的编辑功能|kwrite}}<br />
{{Qref Applications Row||jEdit|http://www.jedit.org/|Java编写,多种语言开发|jedit}}<br />
{{Qref Applications row|Ubuntu|[[gedit]]|http://www.gnome.org/projects/gedit|中量级,Gnome 默认文本编辑器,功能强大|gedit}}<br />
{{Qref Applications Row|Kubuntu|kate|http://kate-editor.org|Kubuntu 默认文本编辑器,KDE开发套件的重要组成,功能强大,推荐|kate}}<br />
{{Qref Applications row| |[[emacs]]|http://www.gnu.org/software/emacs|重量级,GNU计划下的第一个产品,EMACS为Editor MACroS 的缩写,被称为神的编辑器。|emacs}}<br />
{{Qref Applications Row| |[[vim]]|http://www.vim.org|被称作 编辑器之神,任何与配置文件或者源代码打交道的人都值得学会的编辑器|vim-full}}<br />
{{Qref Applications row| |ghex|http://directory.fsf.org/project/ghex|16进制编辑器,小巧,推荐|ghex}}<br />
{{Qref Applications Row| |khexedit|http://home.online.no/~espensa/khexedit|16进制编辑器|khexedit}}<br />
{{Qref Applications row| |MadEdit|http://madedit.sourceforge.net/|GTK+2,可以作为UltraEdit的替换品|medit}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
参考词条:[[脚本语言]]、[[编程语言]]<br />
<br />
==系统设置和管理类==<br />
{{Qref Applications Table}}<br />
{{Qref Applications Row|Ubuntu|GParted|http://gparted.sourceforge.net/|GNOME下的图形界面硬盘分区软件,推荐|gparted}}<br />
{{Qref Applications Row|Ubuntu|Webmin|http://www.webmin.com/|Linux远程web管理软件,可以管理linux的服务,进程,任务等|Webmin}}<br />
{{Qref Applications Row|Ubuntu|Webmin StressFree主题|http://www.stress-free.co.nz/webmin-theme/|Webmin的全新主题界面,让你的Webmin看上去像是独立的网络操作系统|}}<br />
{{Qref Applications Row|Ubuntu|Virtualmin Mobile主题|http://www.webmin.com/mobile.html|Webmin的手机浏览器主题,方便使用智能手机远程管理|}}<br />
{{Qref Applications row||M/Monit|http://mmonit.com/|基于Web的IT管理系统|monit}}<br />
{{Qref Applications Row|Ubuntu|Cheese|http://projects.gnome.org/cheese/|GNOME下多功能摄像头软件|cheese}}<br />
{{Qref Applications row|Ubuntu|Ubuntu-Tweak|http://ubuntu-tweak.com/|专门对应Ubuntu,简易配置系统和桌面而准备的工具|}}<br />
{{Qref Applications Row|Ubuntu|Ailurus|http://tdt.sjtu.edu.cn/ailurus/|专门对应Ubuntu,为学生简易配置系统和桌面而准备的工具|}}<br />
{{Qref Applications row|Ubuntu|ntfs-config|http://flomertens.free.fr/ntfs-config/|图形化的微软Ntfs格式分区挂载配置工具,实现Windows分区开机自动挂载。|ntfs-config}}<br />
{{Qref Applications row|Ubuntu|Powertop|http://www.lesswatts.org/projects/powertop/|英特尔开发的笔记本紧急情况下的省电节能终端小程序,可以关闭USB,声卡等设备以节能。|powertop}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==游戏==<br />
{{Qref Applications Table}}<br />
{{Qref Applications row||cuyo|http://http://www.karimmi.de/cuyo/|非常Impressive的俄罗斯方块,每关一种风格,很多关。强烈推荐|}}<br />
{{Qref Applications row||pingus|http://pingus.seul.org/|旅鼠Like益智类游戏,强烈推荐。|}}<br />
{{Qref Applications row||neverputt |http://neverball.org/| 3D高尔夫球游戏,最多4人(自己改源代码可6人),系统中要有3D驱动支持。推荐。|}}<br />
{{Qref Applications Row|Java|Quantum|http://apistudios.com/hosted/marzec/quantum/|一个异星对抗的即时战略游戏,有webstart|}}<br />
{{Qref Applications row|Java|Robombs|http://jpct.de/robombs.game|一个3D炸弹人类游戏,有webstart|}}<br />
{{Qref Applications row|Java|gokgs|http://www.gokgs.com/|围棋|}}<br />
{{Qref Applications row| |OpenTTD|http://www.openttd.org/|运输大亨|openttd}}<br />
{{Qref Applications Row| |Warzone 2100|http://wz2100.net/|一款即时战略游戏,可局域网对战}}<br />
{{Qref Applications row||icebreaker|http://www.icebreaker.com/|切割小游戏,曾计划放入Debian的安装ISO中,在安装时的基本系统中消磨等待时间|}}<br />
{{Qref Applications row||zaz|http://www.gokgs.com/|祖玛Like游戏,在debian 7 下的版本如若不能更新过关数据,要上网查解决方法,改正后正常。|}}<br />
{{Qref Applications row||frozen-bubble|http://www.frozen-bubble.org/|3D球消去类游戏。|}}<br />
{{Qref Applications row||Airstrike|http://icculus.org/airstrike/|简单双人空战游戏,如果改下源代码,把炸弹数量提到上限,编译后执行则战法可以另有风味。|}}<br />
{{Qref Applications row||steam|http://store.steampowered.com//|准确说是一个游戏平台,上面有很多高质量游戏|}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==相关词条==<br />
*[[生物学]]<br />
*[[UbuntuHelp:Applications/zh]]<br />
*[[UbuntuHelp:Community/zh]]<br />
*[[UbuntuHelp:Software]]<br />
[[Category:速配指南]]</div>198.71.86.201https://wiki.ubuntu.org.cn/index.php?title=UbuntuHelp:Hfsplus/zh&diff=152694UbuntuHelp:Hfsplus/zh2015-11-24T04:12:30Z<p>198.71.86.201:以内容'HFS+文件系统是运行MacOS的苹果电脑默认的最常见的文件系统。Ubuntu系统下,可以挂载HFS+分区,但是默认只能读取该分区数据。要想…'创建新页面</p>
<hr />
<div>HFS+文件系统是运行MacOS的苹果电脑默认的最常见的文件系统。Ubuntu系统下,可以挂载HFS+分区,但是默认只能读取该分区数据。要想获得读/写权限,你需要在OS X下禁用HFS+分区的日志功能。在OS X下,打开终端并执行<br />
sudo diskutil disableJournal volumeName<br />
某些版本的OS X存在bug:上述命令成功执行,但是并没有禁用文件系统的日志功能。遇到这种情况,你可能需要首先执行下面的命令,以启用日志功能<br />
sudo diskutil disableJournal volumeName<br />
日志功能是任何文件系统的重要功能,防止造成伤害和数据丢失:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Journaling_file_system 。因此并不推荐你禁用OS X主要分区的日志功能。其他或许有用的信息见:http://en.gentoo-wiki.com/wiki/HOWTO_hfsplus</div>198.71.86.201https://wiki.ubuntu.org.cn/index.php?title=BIND&diff=152675BIND2015-11-15T03:26:59Z<p>198.71.86.201:/* Caching Server(缓冲服务器) */</p>
<hr />
<div>== HOWTO Setup BIND9 DNS Server (如何设置Bind9 DNS服务器) ==<br />
<br />
This HOWTO is aimed to at people looking to learn how to configure and maintain a DNS server, such as for a network or to serve DNS zones for a domain name.<br> 本指南是写给那些想学习如何配置和维护DNS服务器的人,例如为某个网络或者DNS zones(DNS域)提供 Domain Name(域名)服务<br />
<br />
=== Repositories 软件库 ===<br />
<br />
BIND9 is available in the core Ubuntu repository. No additional repository needs to be enabled for BIND9.<br> BIND9 已经包含在 Ubuntu 核心库中,BIND9 并不需要启用其它附加库。<br />
<br />
Before we begin, you should be familiar with RootSudo.<br> 在我们开始之前,您应该熟悉 RootSudo。<br />
<br />
=== Installing BIND9 (安装 BIND9) ===<br />
The Server<br> 服务器<br />
<br />
<pre><nowiki><br />
$ sudo apt-get install bind9<br />
</nowiki></pre><br />
Useful Tools (For Testing)<br> 有用的工具(测试用)<br />
<br />
<pre><nowiki><br />
$ sudo apt-get install bind9-host dnsutils<br />
</nowiki></pre><br />
Documentation (Optional)<br> 文档(可选)<br />
<br />
<pre><nowiki><br />
$ sudo apt-get install bind9-doc<br />
</nowiki></pre><br />
<br />
=== BIND9 Scenarios ===<br />
There are many setups BIND9 may be configured.<br> BIND9 可以安装配置成许多类型。<br />
<br />
The most useful setups are: 最常用的配置有:<br />
<br />
==== Caching Server(缓冲服务器) ====<br />
This can be useful for a broadband connection to a host or small network. By caching DNS queries, you reduce the bandwidth used and (hopefully) reducing your bandwidth used (and hopefully even your broadband bill!).<br> 这对于宽带连接的主机或小网络来说是有用的。通过缓冲 DNS 队列,您可以减少带宽的消耗,或者说有望减少您带宽的使用(甚至有望减少您宽带费用)。<br />
<br />
==== Master Server(主服务器) ====<br />
BIND9 can be used to serve DNS records (groups of records are referred to as zones) for a registered domain name or an imaginary one (but only if used on a restricted network)<br> BIND9 可以用于为已注册或虚拟的(仅用于受限网络中)域名提供 DNS 记录(指向域的记录组)。<br />
<br />
==== Slave Server(从服务器) ====<br />
A slave DNS server is used to complement a Master DNS server by serving a copy of the zone(s) configured on the Master server. Slave servers are recommended in larger setups (larger networks or on the internet) if you intend to power a registered domain name, since they ensure that your DNS zone is still available, even if your Master server is not online.<br> 从服务器用于提供一个在主服务器中配置域的完整备份。如果您想要支持一个注册的域名,建议将从服务器用在较大的机构(较大的网络或在因特网上)。因为这样做可以确保您的 DNS 域甚至在您主服务器没有在线的情况下依然可用。<br />
<br />
==== Hybrids(杂和模式) ====<br />
You can even configure BIND9 to be a Caching and Master DNS server simultaneously, a Caching and a Slave server or even a Caching, Master and Slave server. All that is required is simply combining the differnet configuration examples from this document.<br> 您甚至可以将 BIND9 同时配置成一个缓冲和主服务器,一个缓冲服务器和一个从服务器,甚至是一个缓冲、主、从服务器。而所有这一切只需将本文档中不同配置简单的合并在一起就可以了。<br />
<br />
==== Stealth Servers(私密服务器) ====<br />
There are also two other common DNS server setups (used when working with zones for registered domain names), Stealth Master and Stealth Slave. These are effectively the same as Master and Slave DNS servers, but with a slight organisational difference.<br> 还有另外两种常用的 DNS 服务器的安装(使用注册域名运行):私有主服务器和私有从服务器。它们的作用与主、从 DNS 服务是相同的,但在组织结构上有所不同。<br />
<br />
For example, you have 3 DNS servers; A, B and C.<br> 例如,您有3个DNS服务器:A、B 和 C。<br />
<br />
A is the Master, B and C are slaves.<br> A 是主服务器,B和C是从服务器。<br />
<br />
If you configure your registered domain to use A and B as your domain's DNS servers, then C is a Stealth Slave. It's still a slave, but it's not going to be asked about the zone you are serving to the internet from A and B<br> 如果您将 A 和 B 配置成您的域 DNS 服务器,然后 C 是一个私密从服务器。它也是个从服务器,但您为互联网提供服务的 A 和 B 不会去询问其中的域。<br />
<br />
If you configure your registerd domain to use B and C as your domain's DNS servers, then A is a stealth master. Any additional records or edits to the zone are done on A, but computers on the internet will only ever ask B and C about the zone.<br> 如果您将 B 和 C 配置成您的域 DNS 服务器,然后 A 是一个私密主服务器。任何附加的记录或对区域的编辑都做在 A 上,但在互联网上的计算机只会询问 B 和 C 中的域。<br />
<br />
=== DNS Record Types(DNS 记录类型) ===<br />
There are lots of different DNS record types, but for a someone reading this document, you need only deal with these record types<br> DNS 记录类型是有很多不同的,但对于阅读本文档的人来说,您只需要处理以下这些记录类型<br />
<br />
==== Address Records(地址记录) ====<br />
The most commonly used type of record.<br> 最常用的记录类型<br />
<br />
<pre><nowiki><br />
www IN A 1.2.3.4<br />
<br />
</nowiki></pre><br />
==== Alias Records(别名记录) ====<br />
Used to create an alias from an existing A record. You cannot create a CNAME record pointing to another CNAME record.<br> 常用于为一个已有的 A 记录创建别名。您不能创建一个CNAME记录指向另一个CNAME记录。<br />
<br />
<pre><nowiki><br />
mail IN CNAME www<br />
www IN A 1.2.3.4<br />
<br />
</nowiki></pre><br />
==== Mail Exchange Records(邮件交换记录) ====<br />
Used to define where email should be sent to. Must point to an A record, not a CNAME.<br> 常用于定义邮件发往何处。必须指向一个 A 记录,不能是 CNAME。<br />
<br />
<pre><nowiki><br />
IN MX mail.example.com.<br />
<br />
[...]<br />
<br />
mail IN A 1.2.3.4<br />
<br />
</nowiki></pre><br />
==== Name Server Records(域名服务器记录) ====<br />
Used to define which servers serve copies of this zone. It must point to an A record, not a CNAME.<br> 常用于定义哪个服务器提供该区域的拷贝。它必须指向一个 A 记录,不能是 CNAME。<br />
<br />
This is where Master and Slave servers are definied. Stealth servers are intentionally omitted.<br> 这是定义主、从服务器的地方。私密服务器被有意省略。<br />
<br />
<pre><nowiki><br />
IN NS ns.example.com.<br />
<br />
[...]<br />
<br />
ns IN A 1.2.3.4<br />
<br />
</nowiki></pre><br />
=== Configuring BIND9(配置 BIND9) ===<br />
BIND9 Configuration files are stored in<br> BIND9 配置文件被保存在<br />
<br />
<pre><nowiki><br />
/etc/bind/<br />
</nowiki></pre><br />
The main configuration is stored in the following files<br> 主配置文件被保存在下列文件中<br />
<br />
<pre><nowiki><br />
/etc/bind/named.conf<br />
/etc/bind/named.conf.options<br />
/etc/bind/named.conf.local<br />
</nowiki></pre><br />
==== Caching Server(缓冲服务器) ====<br />
The default configuration is setup to act as a caching server by default.<br> 缺省状态下默认是当作缓冲服务器来配置安装的。<br />
<br />
All that is required is simply adding the IP numbers of your ISP's DNS servers.<br> 所有的要求只是简单的添加您ISP的DNS 服务器的 IP 而已。<br />
<br />
Simply uncomment and edit the following:<br> 只需反注释并编辑下列内容:<br />
<br />
<pre><nowiki><br />
named.conf.options:<br />
<br />
<br />
[...]<br />
<br />
forwarders {<br />
1.2.3.4;<br />
5.6.7.8;<br />
};<br />
<br />
[...]<br />
</nowiki></pre><br />
(where 1.2.3.4 and 5.6.7.8 are the IP numbers of your ISP's DNS servers)<br> (其中 1.2.3.4 和 5.6.7.8 是您 ISP 上 DNS 服务器的 IP。<br />
<br />
==== Master Server(主服务器) ====<br />
To add a DNS zone to BIND9, turning BIND9 into a Master server, all you simply have to do is:<br> 要添加 DNS 域到 BIND9,让 BIND9 成为主服务器,您只需如下所示:<br />
<br />
<pre><nowiki><br />
named.conf.local:<br />
<br />
<br />
[...]<br />
<br />
zone "example.com" {<br />
type master;<br />
file "/etc/bind/db.example.com";<br />
};<br />
<br />
[...]<br />
<br />
</nowiki></pre><br />
Now use an existing zone file as a template<br> 现在使用一个已有域文件作为模板<br />
<br />
<pre><nowiki><br />
$ sudo cp /etc/bind/db.local /etc/bind/db.example.com<br />
</nowiki></pre><br />
Now, to edit our zone<br> 现在,编辑我们的域<br />
<br />
<pre><nowiki><br />
db.example.com:<br />
<br />
<br />
;<br />
; BIND data file for local loopback interface<br />
;<br />
$TTL 604800<br />
@ IN SOA localhost. root.localhost. (<br />
1 ; Serial<br />
604800 ; Refresh<br />
86400 ; Retry<br />
2419200 ; Expire<br />
604800 ) ; Negative Cache TTL<br />
;<br />
@ IN NS localhost.<br />
@ IN A 127.0.0.1<br />
</nowiki></pre><br />
Edit <code><nowiki>localhost.</nowiki></code> to the FQDN of your server, with an additional "." at the end.<br> 编辑 <code><nowiki>localhost.</nowiki></code> 指向您服务器的 FQDN,在其后有一个附加的 "."。<br />
<br />
Eg:<br> 例如:<br />
<br />
<pre><nowiki><br />
db.example.com:<br />
<br />
<br />
;<br />
; BIND data file for local loopback interface<br />
;<br />
$TTL 604800<br />
@ IN SOA box.example.com. root.localhost. (<br />
1 ; Serial<br />
604800 ; Refresh<br />
86400 ; Retry<br />
2419200 ; Expire<br />
604800 ) ; Negative Cache TTL<br />
;<br />
@ IN NS localhost.<br />
@ IN A 127.0.0.1<br />
<br />
</nowiki></pre><br />
Edit <code><nowiki>root.localhost</nowiki></code> to be your email address, but with a "." instead of the "@", and another "." at the end.<br> 编辑 <code><nowiki>root.localhost</nowiki></code> 指向你的邮件地址,不过要用 "." 代替 "@",另一个 "." 放在末尾。<br />
<br />
Eg:<br> 例如:<br />
<br />
<code><nowiki>johndoe@exmaple.com</nowiki></code> should be added as <code><nowiki>johndoe.example.com.</nowiki></code><br> <code><nowiki>johndoe@exmaple.com</nowiki></code> 将使用 <code><nowiki>johndoe.example.com.</nowiki></code> 的形式添加。<br />
<br />
Increment the Serial number (you must increment the serial number for every time you make any changes to the zone file and reload the zone by restarting BIND9. If you make multiple changes before restarting BIND9, simply increment the serial once.<br> 增加序列号(您必须在您每次对域文件做更改并通过重启 BIND9 重新引导域时增加您的序列号。如果您在重启 BIND9 之前做了多处改变,只需增加一次序列号即可)。<br />
<br />
Tip: Many people like to use the last date edited as the serial of a zone, such as <code><nowiki> 2005010100 </nowiki></code> which is yyyymmddss (where s is serial)<br> 技巧:许多人喜欢使用最新的日期作为域的序列号,例如以 yyyymmddss 的形式 <code><nowiki> 2005010100 </nowiki></code>。<br />
<br />
Now, you can add DNS records to the bottom of the zone. Do remember to increment the serial as you add entries though.<br> 现在,您可以将 DNS 记录添加在域的底部。记住汉您添加条目之后要增加序列号。<br />
<br />
==== Slave Server(从服务器) ====<br />
First, on the master server, you have to allow the zone transfer. The sample zone definition in <code><nowiki>/etc/bind/named.conf.local</nowiki></code> should like this:<br> 首先,在主服务器上,您必须允许域可以传输。这个在 <code><nowiki>/etc/bind/named.conf.local</nowiki></code> 中域定义的示例如下所示:<br />
<br />
<pre><nowiki><br />
[...]<br />
<br />
zone "example.com" {<br />
type master;<br />
file "/etc/bind/db.example.com";<br />
allow-transfer {<br />
@ip_slave;<br />
};<br />
};<br />
<br />
[...]<br />
<br />
</nowiki></pre><br />
On the slave, you have to proceed to the same installation that was done on the master. Then edit the <code><nowiki>/etc/bind/named.conf.local</nowiki></code> and add the following declaration for the zone:<br> 在从服务器上,您还必须象主服务器上一样做同样处理。然后编辑 <code><nowiki>/etc/bind/named.conf.local</nowiki></code> 并为域添加下列声明:<br />
<br />
<pre><nowiki><br />
[...]<br />
<br />
zone "example.com" {<br />
type slave;<br />
file "/etc/bind/db.example.com";<br />
masters { @ip_master; };<br />
};<br />
<br />
[...]<br />
<br />
</nowiki></pre><br />
Restart the server, you should see in <code><nowiki>/var/log/syslog</nowiki></code> something like:<br> 重启服务器,您将在 <code><nowiki>/var/log/syslog</nowiki></code> 类似下面的提示:<br />
<br />
<pre><nowiki><br />
syslog.5.gz:May 14 23:33:53 smith named[5064]: zone example.com/IN: transferred serial 2006051401<br />
syslog.5.gz:May 14 23:33:53 smith named[5064]: transfer of 'example.com/IN' from 10.0.0.202#53: end of transfer<br />
</nowiki></pre><br />
=== Chrooting BIND9 ===<br />
Chrooting BIND9 is a recommended setup from a security perspective. In a chroot enviroment, BIND9 has access to all the files and hardware devices it needs, but is unable to access anything it should not need.<br> Chrooting BIND9 从安全角度来说是被推荐的安装。在 chroot 环境中,BIND9 可以访问所有它所需的文件和硬件,但不能访问它所不需要的。<br />
<br />
To chroot BIND9, simply create a chroot enviroment for it and add the additional configuration below<br> 要 chroot BIND9,只需为它创建一个 chroot 环境并在下面添加额外配置。<br />
<br />
==== The Chroot Enviroment(Chroot 环境) ====<br />
Create the following directory structure<br> 创建下面目录结构<br />
<br />
<pre><nowiki><br />
$ sudo mkdir -p /chroot/named<br />
$ cd /chroot/named<br />
$ sudo mkdir -p dev etc/namedb/slave var/run<br />
</nowiki></pre><br />
Set permissions for chroot environment<br> 为 chroot 环境设置权限<br />
<br />
<pre><nowiki><br />
$ sudo chown root:root /chroot<br />
$ sudo chmod 700 /chroot<br />
$ sudo chown bind:bind /chroot/named<br />
$ sudo chmod 700 /chroot/named<br />
</nowiki></pre><br />
Create or move the bind configuration file.<br> 创建或移动 bind 配置文件。<br />
<br />
<pre><nowiki><br />
$ sudo touch /chroot/named/etc/named.conf<br />
</nowiki></pre><br />
or<br> 或<br />
<br />
<pre><nowiki><br />
$ sudo cp /etc/named.conf /chroot/named/etc<br />
</nowiki></pre><br />
Give write permissions to the user bind for /chroot/named/etc/namedb/slave directory.<br> 将 /chroot/named/etc/namedb/slave 目录的写权限赋予 bind 用户。<br />
<br />
<pre><nowiki><br />
$sudo chown bind:bind /chroot/named/etc/namedb/slave<br />
</nowiki></pre><br />
This is where the files for all slave zones will be kept. This increases security, by stopping the ability of an attacker to edit any of your master zone files if they do gain access as the bind user. Accordingly, all slave file names in the /chroot/named/etc/named.conf file will need to have directory names that designate the slave directory. An example zone definition is listed below.<br> 所有的从域将放置在此处。这样可以增强安全性,如果攻击者得到了 bind 用户的权限,他们也没有办法修改您的主域文件。因此在 /chroot/named/etc/named.conf 文件中的所有的从文件名都必须带着指向从目录的目录名。下面列出了一个域定义的示例:<br />
<br />
<pre><nowiki><br />
zone “my.zone.com.” {<br />
type slave;<br />
file “slaves/my.zone.com.dns”;<br />
masters {<br />
10.1.1.10;<br />
};<br />
};<br />
</nowiki></pre><br />
Create the devices BIND9 requires<br> 创建 BIND9 的环境<br />
<br />
<pre><nowiki><br />
$ sudo mknod /chroot/named/dev/null c 1 3<br />
$ sudo mknod /chroot/named/dev/random c 1 8<br />
</nowiki></pre><br />
Give the user bind access to the /chroot/named/var/run directory that will be used to strore PID and statistical data.<br> 给 bind 用户访问 /chroot/named/var/run 目录的权限,该目录用于保存 PID 和状态数据<br />
<br />
<pre><nowiki><br />
$ sudo chown bind:bind /chroot/named/var/run<br />
</nowiki></pre><br />
==== BIND9's Configuration(BIND9 的配置) ====<br />
Edit the bind startup options found in /etc/default/bind9. Change the line the reads:<br> 在 /etc/default/bind9 中编辑 bind 启动选项。原来选项如下:<br />
<br />
<pre><nowiki><br />
/etc/default/bind9:<br />
<br />
OPTIONS=”-u bind”<br />
</nowiki></pre><br />
So that it reads<br> 现在改为<br />
<br />
<pre><nowiki><br />
/etc/default/bind9:<br />
<br />
<br />
OPTIONS="-u bind -t /var/named -t /chroot/named -c /etc/named.conf"<br />
</nowiki></pre><br />
The -t option changes the root directory from which bind operates to be /chroot/named. The -c option tells Bind that the configuration file is located at /etc/named.conf. Remember that this path is relative to the root set by -t.<br> 选项 -t 将 bind 操作的根目录改成 /chroot/named,选项 -c 则告诉 bind 配置文件在 /etc/named.conf。记住用 -t 设置的是相对路径。<br />
<br />
The named.conf file must also recieve extra options in order to run correctly below is a minimal set of options:<br> named.conf 文件也必须接受额外的选项以便正常运行,下面是最小的选项集:<br />
<br />
<pre><nowiki><br />
/chroot/named/etc/named.conf:<br />
<br />
options {<br />
directory "/etc/namedb";<br />
pid-file "/var/run/named.pid";<br />
statistics-file "/var/run/named.stats";<br />
};<br />
</nowiki></pre><br />
==== Ubuntu's syslogd Daemon Configuration(Ubuntu 的 syslogd 守护进程配置) ====<br />
<pre><nowiki><br />
/etc/init.d/sysklogd:<br />
<br />
<br />
[...]<br />
<br />
SYSLOGD="-u syslog -a /chroot/named/dev/log"<br />
<br />
[...]<br />
</nowiki></pre><br />
(Author Note: Check this config)<br> (注意:检查该配置)<br />
<br />
==== Restart the syslog server and BIND9(重启 syslog 服务及 BIND9) ====<br />
<pre><nowiki><br />
$ sudo /etc/init.d/sysklogd restart<br />
$ sudo /etc/init.d/bind9 restart<br />
</nowiki></pre><br />
At this point you should check /var/log/messages for any errors that may have been thrown by bind.<br> 这里,您要检查 /var/log/messages 是否有 bind 引起的错误。<br />
<br />
=== Starting, Stopping, and Restarting BIND9(开始、停止和重启 BIND9) ===<br />
Use the following command to start BIND9 :<br> 使用下列命令开始 BIND9:<br />
<br />
<pre><nowiki><br />
$ sudo /etc/init.d/bind9 start<br />
</nowiki></pre><br />
To stop it, use :<br> 停止它,使用:<br />
<br />
<pre><nowiki><br />
$ sudo /etc/init.d/bind9 stop<br />
</nowiki></pre><br />
Finally, to restart it, run<br> 最后,要重启它,运行:<br />
<br />
<pre><nowiki><br />
$ sudo /etc/init.d/bind9 restart<br />
</nowiki></pre><br />
==== Status(状态) ====<br />
To check the status of your BIND9 installation:<br> 要检查您的 BIND9 安装状态:<br />
<br />
<pre><nowiki><br />
$ host $record localhost<br />
</nowiki></pre><br />
or<br> 或<br />
<br />
<pre><nowiki><br />
$ dig $record @localhost<br />
</nowiki></pre><br />
(where localhost is the system you are setting BIND9 up on. If not localhost, use the appropriate IP number.) (在这里 localhost 是您安装 BIND9 的系统。如果不要 localhost,那么使用适当的 IP 地址。)<br />
<br />
=== Tips & Tricks(提示与技巧) ===<br />
=== Additional Possibilities(附加功能) ===<br />
You can monitor your BIND9 server usage by installing the bindgraph package from the Universe (To enable Universe - see AddingRepositoriesHowto) and following configuration details as outlined in bindgraph's README documents<br> 您可以从 Universe 库中安装 bindgraph 包(要激活 Universe 库 - 请参见 AddingRepositoriesHowto),并用它来监视您的 BIND9 服务器的使用,配置细节可以在 bindgraph README 文档中找到。<br />
<br />
=== Further Information(更多信息) ===<br />
==== Online Recources(在线资源) ====<br />
[http://www.bind9.net/manuals "ISC's BIND9 Manual"]<br />
<br />
[http://www.tldp.org/ TLDP]'s [http://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/DNS-HOWTO.html "DNS HOWTO"] (For General Overview)<br />
<br />
[http://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/Chroot-BIND-HOWTO-4.html "Chroot BIND Howto"]<br />
<br />
==== Printed Resources(印刷资源) ====<br />
[http://www.oreilly.com/catalog/dns4/index.html "DNS & BIND"] - Paul Albitz & Cricket Liu - 4th Editi<br />
<br />
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